(1)疑问词+不定式结构 ?."YP[;
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如: eT6T@C](
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语) E|v9khN(].
I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
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The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语) @J UCXm
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语) :M
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(注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如: lLi)?
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 qaZQ1<
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B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式: '$\O*e'
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. GP{$w_'!J0
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。 f*46,`x
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. 0l+[[ZTV
(3)不带to的不定式 "9bd;Tt:
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有: :ExCGS[
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到
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watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知 hxe X6
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 h 1REL^!c
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue. OD;F{Hc
2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如: PJ3M,2H1b.
Let him do it.让他做吧。 !@3"vd{^
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。 -"uOh,G}
(注): ;(r,;S_`0
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时。其后的不定式一般需带to,如: u%sfHGrH
He was seen to come. =k^ d5
The boy was made to go to bed early. B
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②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如: =
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He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。 \zLKSJ]
3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如: zw[ #B #
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。 7.FD16
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。 R@~=z5X(Q
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。 z07Xj%zX9
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。 H7%q[O
(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构 q1pB~eg5
1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如: 9%Qlg4~<s
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。 pS+hE4D
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如: U%)-_
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It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。 kX%vTl7F
2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词‘s+动名词。例如: Q8D#kAYw
Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 .<4U2h
He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 [\-)c[
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3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 %l[]n;*$
It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。 . ZP$,
间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。 {Y|?~ha#
It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。 w@WPp0mny