考博英语模拟试题及答案

考博英语模拟试题
Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points) (略)
Part II Reading Comprehension (40 % )
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
    Eight times within the past million years, something in the Earth's climatic equation has changed, allowing snow in the mountains and the northern latitudes to accumulate from one season to the next instead of melting away. Each time, the enormous ice sheets resulting from this continual buildup lasted tens of thousands of years until the end of each particular glacial cycle brought a warmer climate. Scientists speculated that these glacial cycles were ultimately driven by astronomical factor: slow, cyclic changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit and in the tilt and orientation of its spin axis. But up until around 30 years ago, the lack of an independent record of ice-age timing made the hypothesis untreatable.
    Then in the early 1950's Emirian produced the first complete record of the waxwings and awnings of first glaciations. It came from a seemingly odd place, the seafloor. Single-cell marine organisms called "foraminifera'' house themselves in shells made from calcium carbonate. When the foraminifera die, sink to the bottom, and become part of seafloor sediments, the carbonate of their shells preserves certain characteristics of the seawater they inhabited. In particular, the ratio of a heavy isotope of oxygen (oxygen- 18) to ordinary oxygen (oxygen - 16) in the carbonate preserves the ratio of the two oxygen’s in water molecules.
    It is now understood that the ratio of oxygen isotopes reflects the proportion of the world's water locked up in glaciers and ice sheets. A kind of meteorological distillation accounts for the link. Water molecules containing the heavier isotope tend to condense and fall as precipitation slightly sooner than molecules containing the lighter isotope. Hence, as water vapor evaporated from warm oceans moves away from its source, its oxygen - 18 returns more quickly to the oceans than does its oxygen - 16. What falls as snow on distant ice sheets and mountain glaciers is relatively depleted of oxygen -18. As the oxygen -18 -poor ice builds up, the oceans become relatively enriched in the isotope. The larger the ice sheets grow, the higher the proportion of oxygen - 18 becomes in seawater -- and hence in the sediments
     Analyzing cores drilled from seafloor sediments, Mililani found that the isotopic ratio rose and fell in rough accord with the Earth's astronomical cycles. Since that pioneering observation, oxygen isotope measurements have been made on hundreds of cores. The combined record enables scientists to show that the record contains the very periodicities as the orbital processes. Over the past 800, 000 years, the global ice volume peaked every 100,000 years, matching the period of the orbital eccentricity variation. In addition, "wrinkles" superposed on each cycle -- small decreases or surges in ice volume -- have come at intervals of roughly 23, 000 and 41,000 years, in keeping with the precession and tilt frequencies of the Earth's spin axis.
16. In opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________
    A. unfolding a phenomenon.              B. posing a contrast.
    C. refuting a speculation.                  D. testifying a hypothesis.
17. The expression "waxings and wanings" (Paragraph 2) most probably means ________
    A. regularities and eccentricities.             B. vaporizations and sediments.
    C. variants and constants.                D. maximizations an minimizations.
18. As pointed out in the text, the ratio of oxygen - 18 to oxygen - 16 in seafloor sediments and that of these isotopes locked in glaciers and ice-sheets are________
    A. irrelevant.      B. correlated.             C. corresponding.        D. identical.
19. Single-cell marine organisms referred to as "foraminifera" as mentioned in the text might serve as_________
    A. a proof against the existence of oxygen.
    B. a testimony to sediment formation processes.
    C. a valid record justifying glacial periodic cycles.
    D. an indicator of the ratio of the two oxygen’s.
20. What can we safely infer from the text?
    A. Many a phenomenon might be caused by astronomical factors.
    B. Any hypothesis should be abandoned unless supported by solid records.
    C. Glaciers are the records keeping Earth's astronomical cycles.
    D. Oxygen isotopes are evenly distributed throughout the earth surface.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
    If you smoke and you still don't believe that there's a definite between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn't make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain, for example, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.
    You don't have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It's almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn't do to shout too loudly about it.
    This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.
    Of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you'd think they'd conduct aggressive antismoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!
    For a start, governments, could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning -- say, a picture of a death's head -- should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.
21. The best title of the text may be _______
    A. give up the habit of smoking immediately.
    B. word governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.
    C. go on with anti-smoking lobby vigorously.
    D. world governments should allocate more funds on cancer researches.
22. As pointed out in the text, governments are reluctant to exercise total ban on cigarette and tobacco advertising _____
    A. in the interests of financial rewards.          B. for the sake of the public's welfare.
    C. without regard to tax collections.             D. in anticipation of smokers lobbying.
23. The word "hypocrisy" ( Paragraph 2) denotes ______
    A. dishonesty.      B. predicament.            C. indecision.            D. intimidation.
24. It can be concluded that anti-smoking campaigns should be conducted_______
    A. insidiously and discreetly.                 B. vividly and attractively.
    C. aggressively and drastically.                D. disinterestedly and bravely.
25. The author is most critical of________
    A. anti-smoking lobbyists.                     B. tobacco advertisers.
    C. world governments.                        D. tax collectors.
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
    It is the staff of dreams and nightmares. Where Tony Blair's attempts to make Britain love the Euro have fallen on deaf ears, its incarnation as notes and coins will succeed. These will be used not just in the Euro area but in Britain. As the British become accustomed to the Euro as a cash currency, they will warm to it paving the way for a yes note in a referendum.
    The idea of Euro creep appeals to both sides of the Euro argument. According to the pros, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those in favor are bound to win. According to the antis, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those opposed must mobilize for the fight.
    Dream or nightmare, Euro creep envisages the single currency worming its way first into the British economy and then into the affections of voters. British tourists will come back from their European holidays laden with Euros, which they will spend not just at airports but in high street shops. So, too, will foreign visitors. As the Earn becomes a parallel currency, those who make up the current two-o-one majority will change their minds. From there, it will be a short step to decide to dispense with the pound.
    Nell Kinnock, a European commissioner and former leader of the Labor Party, predicts that the Euro will soon become Britain's second currency. Hans Eichel, the German finance minister, also says that it will become a parallel currency in countries like Switzerland and Britain. Peter Hain, the European minister who is acting as a cheerleader for membership, says the Euro will become "a practical day-to-day reality and that will enable people to make a sensible decision about it". As many as a third of Britain's biggest retailers, such as Marks and Spencer, have said they will take Euros in some of their shops. BP has also announced that it will accept Euros at some of its garages.
    But there is less to this than meet the eye. British tourists can now withdraw money from cash point from European holiday destinations, so they are less likely than in the past to end up with excess foreign money. Even if they do, they generally get rid of it at the end of their holidays, says David South well, a spokesman for the British Retail Consortium (BRC).
26. According to the writer, once the British get used to the Euro,__
    A. there will be no obstacle for it to be a currency in Britain.
    B. it will take the place of pound in whatever aspects in Britain.
    C. the British will accept it as a cash currency gradually.
    D. it will become a symbol of reunification for European countries.
27. The writer seems_________
     A. to be over-enthusiastic about the success of the Euro.
      B. to launch a vigorous campaign against the Euro creep.
    C. to hold a hostile attitude towards Euro expansions.
    D. to take a matter-of-face attitude towards the issue.
28. The word "cheerleader" ( Paragraph 4) can best be replaced by ________
    A. "voter".          B. "advocator".        C. "critic".         D. "prophet".
29. What does the writer intends to illustrate with Marks and Spencer.9
    A. A kind of professional service.           B. Objections to the Euro creep.
    C. A type of subjective brand loyalty.        D. Expansions of the Euro in Britain.
30. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
    A. The Prospect of the Euro in Britain.       B. A New Currency under Attack.
    C. The Popularity of the Euro in Britain.       D. A Theme of Dreams and Nightmares.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
    Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hairstyles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.
    This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the years, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called top designers' in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over msh to obey. The doctrines of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out,, Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.
    If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually blackmailed by the designers and the big stores, Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.
    Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Woman who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem lines are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.
    No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.
    When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.
31. In the opening paragraph, the writer introduced his topic by________
    A. introducing an illusion.                B. making a comparison.
    C. depicting a vivid scene.                 D. posing a sharp contrast.
32. In the eyes of the author, the dictates of fashion probably means a sort of design characterized by ________
    A. obsolescence and sensibility.           B. uniqueness and stability.
    C. creativity and hypocrisy.               D. inconstancy and irrationality.
33. The word "blackmailed" most probably means ________
    A. "taken advantage of"                    B. "given thought to".
    C. "taken into account".                 D. "born in mind".
34. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the _______ of clothing.
    A. suitability         B. comfort              C. appearance          D. fabric
35. It can be inferred from the passage that women should________
    A. see through the very nature of fashion myths.
    B. boycott the products of the fashion industry.
    C. avoid following fashion doctrines too closely.
    D. blame designers for their waste of money.
Part III Vocabulary (10 % )
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
36. The recovery and ________ of the country' s economy has also been accompanied by increasing demands for high quality industrial sites in 'attractive locations.
    A. renewal          B. revival               C. recession          D. relief
37. In fact tho purchasing power of a single person's pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the ______ Singapore pension.
    A. equivalent      B. similar            C. consistent          D. identical
38. It seems a reasonable rule of thumb that any genuine offer of help and support from people or organizations will be accompanied by a name and address, and a willingness to be ______ as to their motive in making contact.
    A. seen through      B. checked out        C. touched on         D. accounted to
39. According to BBC boxing reporter Mike Costello ,just as there is worldwide _______ with boxing, so there is worldwide opposition.
    A. passion           B. attraction         C. emotion             D. fascination
40. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their _______ aspects.
    A. potential       B. social            C. essential             D. partial
41. ________ any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving your presentation and qualifications.
    A. Take the most of                   B. Keep the most of
    C. Have the most of                  D. Make the most of
42. There is a loss of self-confidence, a sense of personal failure, great anger and a feeling of being utterly_______
    A. let alone          B. let out          C. let down            D. let on
43. Japan remains tied to the Western camp partly because the relationship has become __ to her economy and politics over forty years' association.
    A. integral           B. unilateral       C. rational               D. hierarchical
44. With most online recruitment services, jobseekers must choose their words 'carefully;________ the search engine will never make the correct match.
    A. therefore        B. whereas         C. provided              D. otherwise
45. The child should always ______ the same basic procedure: seeing the whole word-heating and pronouncing-writing from memory.
    A. go through       B. take over         C. respond to             D. carry off
46. That MGM Grand Youth Center is open to children 3 - 12 years old _______ what hotel they are staying in.
    A. regardless in    B. regardless of     C. regardless on         D. regardless from
47. Ever since Geoffrey sent a sizeable cheque to a well-known charity he's been _______ with requests for money from all sides.
    A. devastated        B. smashed       C. bombarded           D. cracked
48. Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, feel sure that I have no _________ but to report him to the local police.
    A. time           B. chance           C. authority           D. alternative
49. Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to regret.
    A. teem with      B. brim with        C. come with          D. look with
50. They are always ready to heavy responsibilities.
    A. take in          B. take on          C. put on             D. put in
51. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a ________ future behind him.
    A. splendid        B. conspicuous      C. uproarious           D. imminent
52. That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only______ necessity.
    A. within reach of    B. for fear of        C. by means of          D. in case of
53. A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand or express the emotion that it ______ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.
    A. reflects          B. retains         C. rouses               D. radiates
54. _______ the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8 - 10 minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.
    A. Turn off          B. Turn over        C. Turn down           D. Turn up
55. Banks shall be unable to _______,or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.
    A. write off        B. put aside          C. shrink from          D. come over
Part IV Cloze (10 % )
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
    Every second,  56  hectare of the world's rainforest is destroyed. That's one to two football fields.
    This   57  rate of destruction has serious consequences  58  the environment. Scientists estimate, for example, that 137   59  of plant, insect or animal become   60  every day due to logging. In British Columbia,  61  , since 1990,thirteen rainforest valleys have been clear cut, 142 species of salmon have already become extinct, and the   62  of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging,    63  , provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is   64  to restrict or control it. Much of Canada's forestry production   65  making pulp and paper. According to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada   66  34% of the world's wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be  67  . Recently, a possible  68  way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp. Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fore which can be   69  paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For many centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries   70  it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading   71  would not have been possible   72  hemp. Nowadays, ships' cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be  73  for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four-times as   74  paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the   75   scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada's forests.
56. A. matching          B. equivalent        C. mounting          D. reaching
57. A. great             B. wonderful         C. imaginary           D. alarming
58. A. for             B. on             C. at                    D. to
59. A. types              B. categories      C. species            D. classes
60. A. extinct             B. distinct           C. dead              D. exhausted
61. A. when            B. who             C. where             D. which
62. A. territory           B. land           C. habitat                D. inhabitant
63. A. however         B. furthermore      C. otherwise          D. instead
64. A. willing          B. likely           C. reluctant           D. intended
65. A. goes up         B. goes towards       C. goes into           D. goes at
66. A. supplies         B. offers           C. presents             D. provides
67. A. maintained        B. sustained        C. preserved          D. held
68. A. optional            B. potential        C. promising          D. alternative
69. A. made into       B. made for        C. made up           D. made of
70. A. since            B. because        C. as                D. while
71. A. link              B. exchange       C. network               D. site
72. A. except           B. without          C. with                 D. besides
73. A. resumed          B. renewed         C. refreshed            D. revived
74. A. much             B. many           C. few                D. more
75. A. great           B. large            C. immense            D. massive
Part V Translation from English into Chinese
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese, and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET.
    What, then, does Drucker suggest are the new knowledge-based industries on which economic growth will depend? He discusses three categories of such industries. The first of these is the information industry. This industry collects, stores, spreads, and applies knowledge. It depends on the computer. In the future, however, the computer itself will probably become less important than communicating and applying knowledge. Dmcker foresees a central computer that will make information available to everyone. Another source of new industries is the science of the oceans. New technologies may help to supply food and minerals from the seas. A third new source of economic growth is the materials industry. This industry provides the materials for making objects. One such industry that has already become economically important is the plastic industry. Dmcker explains that throughout history our traditional materials have been metals, glass, natural fibers, and paper. Today, with the help of modem science, industries can make many new materials to meet specific needs. Because they will be created to fit a certain product, they will be highly efficient. Consequently, he points out, industries that supply traditional materials such as steel or glass Will have trouble competing with those that produce these new materials.
Part VI Writing( 15 % )
Directions:
        A. Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.
      B. Your essay should meet the requirements below:
        ( 1 ) describe the picture and interpret its meaning.
        (2) point out the problem and give your comments.
    C. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

参考答案与解析
        16．A  题干问：“在文章开头作者通过什么方式引入话题?”正确选项为A“揭示一种自然现象”。此题定位于第1自然段，作者先给出一种自然现象的变化性，随后提出一种假设。而选项B“提出一种对比”，选项C“驳斥某种假设”和选项D“证明某个假说”这些都不是作者在第1自然段所使用的主要的逻辑引入方式。
      17．D  题干问：“文中‘waxings and wanings’大概的意思是……”。其实这个表达和下文第4自然段的 “rose and fell”以及“decreases or surges"都有一种呼应和照应关系，这是一种变大变小的关系，因此选项D“最大化和最小化”为正确选项。而选项A“规则和无规则性”，选项B“蒸发和沉淀”和选项C“变量和常量”都不是该表达在上下文中所具有的内涵和语篇含义。
      18．B  题干问：“这篇文章指出，氧18和氧16在海底沉淀物中的比例和这两种同位素在冰山和冰层中的比例是……”。按照对2、3自然段的深入分析，发现这两种比例是相关的。海底的氧18比较多，而冰山的氧16比较多。因此选项B“相关的”为正确选项。而选项A“不相关的”，选项C “一致的”和选项D“相同的”都不是本题干所要求的内容。
      19．C  题干问：“在文中提到被称为‘有孔虫’的单细胞海洋有机物的目的是……”。正确选项为C“为解释冰川的周期性提供有力的证据”。选项A“证明了氧16不存在”，选项B“证明海底沉淀物的形成过程”和选项D“显示了两种氧的同位素的比例”都不是文章举这个例子的主要目的。
      20．A  题干问：“我们可以从文章得到的推论是……”。正确选项为A“许多现象也许都是由天文因素所造成的”。这是贯穿整篇文章的中心和要点。而选项B“任何假设除非有确凿的证据来支持，否则我们都应该抛弃”，选项C“冰川是地球天文周期的记录”和选项D“氧的同位素在地球表面是相当平均的”，其中有些信息是与原文的信息相反，有些信息不能从原文中得到推论。
    所谓推理即从个别走到一般的现象，这篇文章除了地球的冰川年代以外，还可有许多现象可能是由天文因素所造成的。
     21．B  题干问：“这篇文章的最佳标题为……”。本文的主旨是批评全世界的国家政府没有很严肃地进行反对抽烟的宣传活动和运动，因此选项B“全世界的国家政府应严肃地进行反对抽烟的运动”为正确选项。而选项A“马上放弃抽烟的习惯”，选项c“继续强有力地进行反对抽烟的游说”和选项D“全世界的国家政府应该拨更多的资金给癌症研究”都是一些其他角度的理解，不是文章的中心，因此都不能作为整篇文章的高级中心和主旨。
    22．A  题干问：“如文章所指出，各国政府都不愿完全禁止烟草广告……”。正确选项为A“出于经济回报的考虑”，此题是对2、3、4段的归纳。而选项D“为公共福利着想”，选项C“不考虑税收”和选项D“为抽烟者的游说作好准备”都不符合原文的题意。
      23．A  题干问：“这个词‘hypocrisy’的大概意思是……”。根据上下文，该诃与上文中的"deceiving”构成一种照应关系，正确选项为A“不诚恳”，而不诚实的不是抽烟者，而是政府本身。而选项B “困境”，选项C“犹豫不决”和选项D“威胁”都不是这个词上下文的含义。
    24．D  题干问：“从文章可得出的推论是反对抽烟的运动应该以怎样的方式进行?”此题考察的是作者的观点，正确选项为D“相当诚恳地和积极地”，这在文中多次提及。而选项A“阴险地和谨慎地”，选项B“生动地和有吸引力地”和选项C“激进地以及极端地”都不是作者所提倡的，作者所提倡的要点为诚实这一点。
    25．c  题干问：“作者最为批判的是……”。这篇文章作者批判了很多人，但最为批判的是世界各政府的这种很缓慢的或者不冷不热的暖昧态度，因此选项C“世界的各国政府”为正确选项。而选项A“反对抽烟的游说者”，选项B“烟草广告商”和选项D“收税者”都不是作者最为批判的对象。
    26．C  题干问：“根据作者，一旦英国人适应了欧元……”。此题可以定位于文章的第1自然段，归纳和参看第4句，正确选项为c“英国人将会渐渐把欧元接受成为一种流通货币”。而选项A“欧元在英国成为流通货币将不会有任何障碍”，选项B“它将在英国的方方面面取代英镑”和选项D “会成为欧洲各国重新结盟的一种象征”都是对原文第1自然段的错误曲解。
      27．D  题干问：“作者好像……”，这是对整篇文章作者的情感功能的考察。在文中作者既讲到赞成，也讲到反对，且在最后一段讲到人们使用欧元时，也说明了人们会尽可能地把欧元使用完，因此选项D“对于整个事件，是就事论事的态度”为正确选项。而选项A“过分热衷于欧元的成功”，选项B“发起一场反对欧元扩张的强有力的运动”和选项c“对欧元的扩张持有敌意态度”均不对。
      28．B  题干问：“这个词‘cheerleader’最可能的意思是……”。该词本来的意思是在运动场边的欢呼者或者加油的人，从上下文可以看出，“cheerleader"这类人对欧元都是提倡的，因此选项B“支持者”为正确选项，而选项A“投票者”，选项C“批评者”，选项D“预言家”都不是这个词在上下文中的正确含义。
      29．D  题干问：“作者用马克斯和联邦塞百货公司举例是为了说明……”。本题考察论点与论据的关系，正确选项为D“欧元在英国的扩张”，这是全文的中心以及第1自然段的论点。而选项A“一种高质量的服务”，选项B“反对欧元扩展”和选项C“某种主观品牌的崇拜”都不是这个论据的论点。
      30．A  题干问：“这篇文章最好的标题为……?”正确选项为A“欧元在英国的前景”。而选项B“一种受到攻击的新的流通货币”，选项c“欧元在英国的广为流传”，太泛化，但在文中作者确实讲到了反对意见。选项D“梦想和恶梦的主题”都不能对文章的中心作出概括。
      31．D  题干问：“在第1自然段，作者引入话题通过的方式是什么?”在第1自然段作者对比了男性和女性在电影当中的衣服和着装是有区别的，之后在第2自然段提出了本文的话题，因此作者引入话题通过的方式为选项D“给出一种鲜明的对比”。而选项A“引入一种幻觉”，选项B“作出比较”和选项C“描述一个生动的场景”都不是作者使用的写作手法。
      32．D  题干问：“作者认为时装的要求可能是一种设计，其主要特征为……”。正确选项为D“无常和无理性”，作者在文章第2自然段和第6自然段都多次说明和重申了这个思维。而选项A“过时和理智性”，选项B“非凡和稳定性”和选项C“创造性和伪善”都不是它的主要特征。
      33．A  题干问：“这个词‘blackmailed’最可能的意思是……”。该词的本义为敲诈，勒索，而在本文的上下文中有许多地方讲的都是利用，且与下文中的"take advantage of"形成一种照应，因此选项A“利用”为正确选项。而选项B“考虑”，选项C“考虑”和选项D“牢记”都无法符合上下文的语境含义。
      34．B  题干问：“作者不会那么批判，如果时装设计者更多强调衣服的……”。正确选项为B“舒适性”，作者在第4自然段和第5自然段都多次重申了这一观点。而选项A“得体性”，选项C“外表”和选项D“质地”都不是作者主要谈论的要点。
      35．C  题干问：“从这篇文章我们可以推论出女性应该……”。在本文中作者建议的是我们不应盲目地跟随时装设计师的法规，因此选项C“不要盲目地紧跟着时装的法规”为正确选项。而选项A “看穿时装神话的本质”，这篇文章的重心没有放在本质上，文章大多数的篇幅讲的都是时装的一切都是以时装设计者的意愿作为整个行业的法规。选项B“抵制时装工业产品”和选项D “把钱的浪费归咎于设计者”都不能从文中得出这样的推论。
      36．B  由句子结构看，and连接的两个名词应当是并列关系，在意思上应该很接近。recovery指“恢复”，因此，应当选revival，意思是a process in which something becomes active or strong again，即 “苏醒，复活，复兴”。例如：The US and the UK have expectations of economic revival．(美国和英国都期望经济复苏)；There has been arevival of interest in Picasso's works．(对毕加索的作品的兴趣有所复苏。)renewal意为“更新，恢复”；recession意为“后退，(经济)衰退”；relief一般用于relief somebody from something，表示“缓和，减轻(痛苦或负担)”或“解救”的意思。
      37．A  句子意思是“实际上，香港个人养老金的购买能力只相当于新加坡人的70％”。equivalent的意思是having the same value，purpose，job，etc．as a person or thing of a different kind，即“相等的，等价的”。如：a qualification which is equivalent to a degree(等于学历的一种资格); had no dollars，but offered him an equivalent amount of sterling．(我当时没美元，但给了他同价的先令。) similar意为“相近的，类似的”，从数学角度说，不如equivalent精确；consistent意为“一致的，不变的”，如：She's one of the team's most consistent players．(她是队里最常打比赛的队员之一。) dentinal意为“一模一样的”，常常指性状、外观的等同，如：four identical houses(四座同样的房子)。
      38．B  check out是固定词组，在这里的意思是to make sure that something is actually true，correct，or acceptable，与investigate同义，即“调查，证实”。再例如：I made aphonic call to check out his address．(我打电话查询了一下他的地址。)Check it out with your boss before you do anything．(做     任何事之前，先与老板证实一下。)see-through意为“看穿，识破”，一般指看穿某人的把戏。如： I could never lie to her because I know she'd see through me straight away．(我根本不能对她撒谎，我知道，她一下子就能识破我。)touch on意为“提及，涉及”；account to非固定词组，而account与for可构成词组，表示“分析，对……做出解释”。
      39．D  as…so的意思是“就像……一样，……也……”。如：As you sow，so will you reap．(种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。)根据上下文，又根据四个选项都具有与opposition(反对)的相反意义，我们可知，句子的大意是“……正像对拳击的热爱是世界性的，对拳击的反对也是世界性的”。虽然四个选项意义接近，但只有fascination与with形成习惯搭配。passion一般与for搭配；attraction一般与to搭配；emotion的意义与其他三词相差稍远，意为“情感”，其中不仅包括“热爱”，还包括“反对”。
      40．C  句子中的although告诉我们，句子的大意是“虽然工作单的具体形式会有些差异，但他们在基本方面还是相似的”，因此选essential，意思是the most basic part，quality，or feature of something，即 “最基本的部分、特征或特点”。potential表示“潜在的”；social表示“社会的，社交的”；这两词均与题意无关。partial意为“部分的”，放在原句中不符合常见表达习惯，而若表达此意义，一般用they are all similar in some aspects。
      41．D  本题考查对惯用法的掌握。四个选项中都有the most of，习惯上只用动词make与其搭配使用，意为“最大限度地利用”，此处的意思是“最大限度地吸取面试考官给你的建议”。再例如： Channing and friendly she will help you make the most of your visit．(她很有魅力，也很友好，她会协助你，使你的访问非常完满。)
    42．C  句子中的and说明，a loss of self-confidence，a sense of personal failure，great anger和a feeling of being utterly_____ 在意义上是并列关系，都是表示“失意、愤怒”等不好的感觉，因此选项中只有let down符合题意，意思为be made disappointed，即“失望”。再例如：The worst feeling is having let our fans down．(最坏的感觉是我们让崇拜者们失望了。)let alone意为“不打扰，更别提”； 1etout意为“放走，释放，泄漏，解雇”；let。n意为“泄漏秘密，假装”；这三项均不合题意。
      43．A  句子前面提到“日本和西方阵营保持很密切的关系”，后面提到了原因“因为这种关系在过去四十年中对于其经济和政治_________”。根据上下文，integral恰好符合题意，因为它的意思是forming a necessary part of something，即“构成整体所必需的或不可或缺的部分”。再例如：Vegetables are an integral part of our diet．(蔬菜是饮食中不可缺少的部分。)unilateral意为“单边的，单方面的”；rational意为“理性的”；hierarchical意为“有统治权的，等级制度的”。
      44．D  句子前面提到“通过网上招聘找工作的人必须小心用词”，空白处后面提到“搜寻器不会做出正确的配对”，那么根据上下文，应该选择otherwise，意思是“否则就……”。类似例句还有：We were delayed at the airport．Otherwise we would have been here by lunch time．(我们在机场耽搁了，不然的话，我们在午饭前就到这里了。)They got two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go．(他们得到了两张免费去加拿大的机票，否则他们永远支付不起去那里的费用。)therefore表示结果；whereas表示转折，意为“而……却……”；provided意为“假如……”或“以：…—为条件”。
    45．A  procedure后面的seeing the whole word-heating and pronouncing-writing from memory都是用来解释整个procedure是什么，包含哪几个部分。由上下文，另据常见搭配，应该选go through，意思是to experience a particular process，即“经历”，如：Candidates must go through a process of selection．(候选人必须经过一个选拔的过程。)Caterpillars go through several stages of growth．(毛虫的生长经过几个阶段。)take over意为“接管”；respond to意为“反应”；carry off意为“夺去，带走”。
46．B  本题考查对惯用法的掌握。四个选项中只有regardless of是固定用法，意为“不管，不顾”。再例如：The law requires equal treatment for all，regardless of race，religion，or sex．(法律要求对一切人平等，无论其种族、性别及宗教信仰。)
    47．C  句子大意为“自从Geoffrey给一个著名的慈善机构寄去了一张数额较大的支票后，四面八方都向他索要金钱”。四个选项都多少带有“被打倒、击溃”的意思，但是只有bombarded用在这里，含有一种比喻，即“被索要金钱的要求所包围”。bombard经常用于bombard someone with something，表示“对某人询问或给予信息过多”的意思。如：The speaker was bombarded with questions after the speech．(演讲之后，听众给演讲人提了很多问题；)Today we are bombarded with advice on what to eat and what to avoid．(今天我们被该吃什么和不该吃什么这样的建议所包围。)
    48．D  句子的意思是，“得知这个残忍的罪犯做了很多犯法的事情，我认为自己必须向当地警察报告。除此之外，我别无 _________ 。”句子中的have no…but to do something是个固定用法，no的后面一定是choice一类的词，意为“只能……，没有其他选择”。四个选项中，alternative的意思相当于choice，因此是正确答案。authority意为“权威性，决定权”。time(时间)和chance(机会)显然也与题意不符。
    49．B  从所给信息看，句子的大意是“在他绽开的笑容和嘴中含着的巨大的雪茄背后，眼睛里似乎常常带着忧郁”。brim的本意是指“容器的内边缘”，如：fill the pot to the brim(把锅盛满)。动词短语brim with something意为“充满……”、“……满得快要溢出”，此处符合题意。再如：His eyes brimmed with tears．(她双眼都是泪。)teem with的意思也是“充满”，但一般与数量有关，不与抽象名词连用。如：His report teems with figures．(他的报告充满了大量数据。)come with意为“以……出现”；look with意为“以……方式去看”。
    50．B  四个选项的意思分别是：take in接受，吸收，理解，呈现；take。n承担，接纳；put。n穿上，添上； put in放人，提交，进入。句意是，他们随时准备担起重任。所以正确答案是B选项，如He is unwilling to take on heavy responsibilities．(他不愿承担重任。)
    51．A  句子冒号后是个排比句，说明“老人和年轻人只有一点不同”，一个是future before him，一个是future behind him。因此，空白处的形容词的意义应该与glorious(光明的)相近，即splendid，意为“辉煌的”。句中have a future是习惯用法，指“成功的机会”。另外，此处的before和behind若译成汉语，意义与英语的恰好相反。此句的译文是“老年人和年轻人只有一点不同：年轻人的成功机会在今后，而老年人的成功经历在过去”。imminent意为“将要发生的”；uproarious意为“喧嚣的，令人捧腹大笑的”；conspicuous意为“显著的，令人注目的”。
    52．D  原句意思是“那场悲剧使我情绪很低落，我那时候经常把自己关在房间里，只有——时候才出去一下”。根据上下文，应该是在“需要的时候或万不得已的时候”，所以用in case of，表示 “假如，万一”。如：In case of fire，ring the alarm bell．(如遇火警，即按警铃。)for fear of意为“生怕，以免”，如：He got to the station early，for fear of missing her．(他到车站很早，生怕见不着她。) within reach of意为“在可及范围之内”；by means of意为“用，依靠”。
    53．c  原句意思是“年轻人看到日落的时候，对日落在自己心中所引起的情感难以理解，也不好表达，便说那一定是通向太阳后面的那个世界的人口”。rouse的意思为to make someone more active，interested or excited，即“引起，唤起”，恰好符合题意。再例如：Wedon't want to rouse any suspicions．(我们并不想引起任何疑虑。)reflect意为“反射，考虑”；retain意为“保留，维持”；radiate意为“发光，射出”。
      54．C  从所给信息可知，有空白处的前半句意思是“把火拧小到煨炖饭菜的那个点(to a simmer)”。因此，应该选择rum down，意为“关小”。turn off意为“关掉”；turn over意为“翻转”；turn up意为 “开大”。
      55．A  write off为固定词组，可以表示“(把欠债、账)取消或一笔勾销”，在此句中，意思是“把任何借款或者由于破产而引起的欠债一笔勾销”。再如：He generously agreed to write off the de btinre turn for certain services．(他很慷慨地同意如果对方提供某些服务，可以把其欠债一笔勾销。)put aside意为“存蓄，留下”；shrink from意为“畏缩”；come over意为“(从远处)来到”，都不符合句意。本句可以译为“决不允许银行勾销其借款或不归还其借款的15％利率，或者勾销其由于破产而引起的债务”。
      56．B  本题考核的知识点是：形容词搭配和辨析。match意为“相配，相称”，为及物动词，不需跟介词； equivalent相等的，相当的，同意义的；mount意为“登，上，上升，增加”；reach意为“达到”，为及物动词。本句意思是：这相当于两个足球场的面积。
      57．D  本题考核的知识点是：形容词+修饰成分(感情色彩)。从文章的语调和内容可以看出，雨林破坏的后果严重，因此文章的感情色彩上，应该对雨林的破坏持负评价的态度。所以答案不是great伟大的，wonderful奇妙的，imaginary假想的。，虚构的，而是alarming惊人的，让人担忧的。
      58．A  本题考核的知识点是：介词辨析。have serious consequences和for构成搭配，意为“给…带来严重后果”。
      59．C  本题考核的知识点是：of结构+名词辨析。of结构考查修饰关系。四个词都有“种类，类型”的思。type指一种类型，如：Cotton is a type of material．棉花是一种材料。category侧重在一大系统中将各种物质进行划分，如：There are different categories of books in a library．图书馆里有各种不同种类的书籍。species专门指(植物或动物的)种，如Some species of animal shave become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment．有一些动物已经灭种子，因为它们不能适应环境的变化。class侧重按照质量、等级进行划分，如top class student一流的学生。文中指的是植物、动物的种类，因此c为答案。
      60．A  本题考核的知识点是：主系表结构。表语为形容词，所以考查的是修饰关系。extinct意为“灭绝的”；distinct意为“清楚的，不同的”；dead意为“死亡的，呆板的”；exhausted意为“筋疲力尽的”。与物种能形成最恰当的搭配来表达题意的是A。
      61．C  本题考核的知识点是：关系副词。此处是非限制定语从句，先行词是British Columbia，应由where引导。
      62．C  本题考核的知识点是：of结构。四个选项不是动词的名词化，所以考查的是修饰关系。territory意为“领域，版图，地域”；land意为“国土”；habitat意为“动植物天然的栖息地”；inhabitant意为 “居民，栖息动物”。根据文章，能够确切表达动物居住地的是c。
      63．A  本题考核的知识点是：however用法。思路1：逻辑分析，该句与上文之间为转折关系，however 符合题意。思路2：“……，___________ ，……”结构，如果选项有however，一定是答案。
    64．c  本题考核的知识点是：形容词辨析。根据文章，伐木搬运业可以带来很多好处，政府对于限制该行业不是willing乐意的、likely很可能的或intended有意的，而是reluctant勉强的。
    65．B  本题考核的知识点是：动词词组辨析。go up意为“涨价，建造，爆炸，烧毁”；go towards意为“有助于某事，促成某事”；go into意为“进(加、参、纳)人，参加(某一行业)，调查，查究，进入……状态”；go at意为“袭击，着手做，努力去做”。本句的含义是，许多森林里的产物可以制造纸浆和纸张。
    66．A  本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析。四个词都有“给”的含义。supply意为“供应，提供(所需物品)”；offer主要指“提出某事物供考虑”；present多表示“正式的呈递、赠送或授予”；provide意为“供应，提供”。此处指加拿大供应了世界34％的纸浆，因此A为最佳选择。
    67．C  本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析。四个词都有“保持，维持”的含义，可有以下差别：maintain指 “供养家庭，维修、保养(机器、道路等)”；sustain有“抵挡、忍耐困难”的含义；preserve指“保护、维持(自然资源，历史古迹)，保存食物不变质”；hold指“保持原有的姿态、金钱、土地、职位等不变”。本文中，森林的保护和维持应该用preserve。
    68．D  本题考核的知识点是：形容词辨析+修饰成分。optional意为“可自由选择的”，如：English is an optional lesson．英语是选修课。potential意为“可能的，潜在的”。promising意为“有希望的，有前途的”。alternative意为“其他的，两者择一的”，如：The way was blocked，so we went by an a lierne five road。这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。根据文章，制造纸张的方法还有其他可能的选择，只有alternative能够确切表达这层含义。
    69．A  本题考核的知识点是：动词词组辨析。根据题意，此处考的结构是A is made…B的结构，表示 A可以制造出B。A is made into B意为“把A制成B”；A is made for B意为“A是为B制造的”；A is made up不可以直接+B，而是十of B，意为“A是由B组成的”；A is made of B意为“A由B制成”。上面四个词组，只有A is made to B可以表达“A可以制造出B”这层含义，因此A为正确答案。
    70．B  本题考核的知识点是：连词。分析上下文逻辑关系，逻辑上不矛盾，具体分析该句前后两个部分为因果关系。用法上：since和as用于句首，because为最佳选择。
    71．C  本题考核的知识点是：对应成分分析——and对应十名词辨析。colonial expansion应该和the establishment of a world wide trading ______ 在性质上是相同的，含义上是一致的。link意为“点对点的联系”；exchange意为“交换，互换”；network意为“网络样紧密联系的系统”；site意为 “地点，方位”。根据文章，世界范围的贸易联系应该非常广泛，C最符合题意。
    72．B  本题考核的知识点是：介词辨析+逻辑。逻辑上，本处在强调大麻的作用，所以应该是：如果没有大麻，殖民地的扩张和世界性的贸易也就不可能，without为最佳选择。
    73．D  本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析。resume意为“停顿后重新开始”，如：We resumed our work after a rest。休息之后我们重新开始工作。renew意为“使已旧或已失去力气、活力等物变新或复原”，如：renew a stock of goods更新库存货物。refresh意为“使恢复力量、精力”，如：refresh oneself with a cold shower用冷水浴恢复精神。revive意为“复活，复苏，再流行，再用”，如：The fresh air soon revived him．新鲜空气很快就使他苏醒过来了。revive an old custom恢复旧习俗。本文中重新种植大麻纤维以生产纸张和纸浆，这是老方法的重新启用，因此D为答案。
    74．A  本题考核的知识点是：比较辨析。此处为原级比较，同时paper是不可数名词，much为最佳答案。
    75．B  本题考核的知识点是：形容词辨析。这四个词都有“大”的含义。great有惊奇、敬畏的含义；immense指尺寸比一般的要大；massive可指体积和数量上很大；只有：large与scale搭配，意为“大规模的”。
    Part V Translation from English into Chinese
    经济增长要依靠知识为基础的新型产业。那么，德鲁克所主张的这种产业指的是什么呢?他论述了该产业的三大类型。第一种类型是信息产业。信息产业收集、储存、推广和应用知识，这都要靠电脑来完成。然而，在将来电脑本身也许不如交流知识和应用知识那样重要。德鲁克设想利用中央电脑将信息向所有的人开放。另一种新产业的源泉是海洋科学。新技术有助于从大海中获取食品和矿藏。
    第三种促进经济增长的新产业是材料产业。该产业能提供制造物品所需要的原料。其中的塑料工业已经显示出其经济方面的重要性。德鲁克解释说，有史以来，传统的材料一直是金属、玻璃、天然纤维和纸张。由于现代科学的发展，如今的工业能够生产许多种新材料以满足特殊的需要。由于新材料可适应特定产品的生产需要，因此效率极高。德鲁克指出：“传统的原材料工业，如钢铁工业或玻璃制造业，在与新材料工业的竞争中，将会遇到很大的麻烦。”
Part VI Writing
The Moral Standard of Young People Should Be Improved
    In the thought, provoking picture, a young man is sitting on the chair in an autobus that is allocated specially for the old, the weak, the pregnant, the disabled, children and the like. Regrettably, he might have neglected the pregnant lady standing just beside him. The painful scene leads us to think seriously about the moral decline in the country.
     Some of this can be attributed to moral degeneration, a problem existing particularly in the younger generation. Their sense of moral standards seems to be withering although their material comforts have been considerably enhanced. What makes matters even worse is the fact that such misdeeds as spitting, picking flowers in public gardens or making noises in public places are becoming so pervasive that they are likely to be taken for granted by the public. With today's worsening morality, social bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on the self. That is why new ideas must come forward to improve the country's moral climate, though the challenge cannot be underestimated.
    Moral decline will not be reversed until we find new ways to improve our moral standards. The government can launch more etiquette lessons in communities to help young people correct poor public manners, such as queue jumping and speaking loudly. At the sanle time, young people should also be aware of the importance of good manners, and try to defend social morality. Only in this way can the moral climate of our nation be improved, and we sincerely wish that the young man in the picture could realize that he has sat on a" wrong" seat.

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