考博英语范文总结十篇
一、Television Program and Their Effect onchildren
Televisionprograms regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority ofour children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, withlittle thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Mostprograms can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect theprogram might have on a child.
Thebeneficial television programs are mainly those that educate the young. There areoften specials on animal life. A few regular children’s programs develop thechild’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphablt,and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, suchas those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in thiscategory.
Onthe opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Manycommercials, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, aredeliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such assugar coated cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sexscenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, andcould possibly harden the child to violence.
Thoughtfulparents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. Achild’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly beneficalprograms.
二、“The younger generation knows best”
Old people are always saying that the youngare not what they were. The same comments is made from generation to generationand it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today
The young are better educated. They have alot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly andare not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and donot blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events, which the oldergeneration remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history. This is as itshould be. Every new generation is different from the one preceded it. Todaythe difference is very marked indeed.
Theold always assume thaty they know best for the simple reason that they havebeen around a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are beingquestioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. Theyare questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing theircomplacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created thebest of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity.Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn’tpeople work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? Andwhat about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drabgrey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters,who said that human differences can best be solved through conventionalpolitics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best besolved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the oldergeneration so often used violence to solven their problems? Why are they sounhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with meanambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anythingbe right with the rat -race? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that isimportant in life?
Thereare not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record overthe past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless. Traditionally, theyoung have turned to their elders for guilance. Today, the situation mightreversed. The old—if they are prepared to admit it — could learn a thing or twofrom their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is thatenjoyment is not “sinful”. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to allaspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy yourleisure to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in thepresent rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is onlyto be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb:the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage.Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of thegeneration that bequeathed it ?
三、How to Solve the Housing Problem inBig Cities
Withthe development of modern industry, more and more people are flowing into bigcities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more andmore serious.
Peoplehave offered many solutions to this problem. I think building satellite citiesin the suburbs is more practical. The fresh air and beautiful secnery in thesuburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution,noises, etc. in the overcrowded city. With more people leaving the city, morespace will be available for those remaining. The housinmg problem in big citieswill thus be solved.
四、Public Transportation
Aspart of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developedurgently in China.I can illustrate some examples.
Theredoes not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, undergroundand railways. Commuters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowdedbuses or tubes. Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities duringweedends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawingnear, there is much greater –ressure on public transportation since it has todeal with a large number of travelers rushing home. And travelers need specialarrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneckto the advanc of Chinese economy.
Tosolve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry outthe following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add busesor trains to the original lines. But ther funds have to be raised both from thegovernment and the public.
Thereare three sources for fund raising. One is to raise the fares for all kinds ofall transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for variousvehicles on sale. The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil inaddtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices ofpetrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this moneycollected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will bebettered and favorable.
Thethird step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise theefficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased asmuch as two times so that two times as many people can be held. In this way,the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated. So in aword, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles whilehaving built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.
五、Human Education
Theother day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture“Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. In his lecture, he held thatChinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4thmovement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humaneeducation resulted in a crisis of cultural education.
Withthe rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people hasimproved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics takepriority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present,moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the otherhand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society. It has becomeunexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideologicalconfusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that itis the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem ofcultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane education.
Itis unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of theelements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of ourspiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towardstradition should be “discarding the dross and selecting the essence”. Thehumane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxisteducation. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children willget educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The nationalmorale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward thegrowth of economy.
Tosum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education.We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5more resources form traditional Chinese culture.
六、Criticism on Television
Alot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren. A fewyears ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although childpsychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there isnot much evidence that television brings about teenager’s crimes.
Forpeople in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago. Inthose days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex intheir books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.
Theevidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the actionin itself frightens children. The context in which cruely or violence occurs ismuch more important.
Agood guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is thereforeprovided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to beexploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, they encounterstrange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parentsare reassuring and sensible, as a child’s paprents should be in real life.There is an adult character who is a coward and liar, but both the children arebrave and , of course, every story ends happily.
Inmy view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon aspossible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs. When theyare being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero andheroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently inany situation.
七、he ony thing people are interesed intoday is earing more money
Onceupon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man. Theywere very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married.The young people’s parents shook their heads. “You can’t get married yet.” Theysaid. Wait till you get a good job with good prospects. So the young peoplewaited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to getmarried. They were still poor, of course, they didn’t have a house to live inor any furniture, but that did’t matter. They young man had a good job withgood prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy ahouse, some furniture, all the latest electrical appliances and a car. Thecouple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lves.And so ends another modern romantic fable.
Welive in a materialistic society and are trained from our earlist years to beacquistive. Our possessions, yours and mine are clearly labeled from earlychildhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surpise us todiscover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. We spend thewhole of ourlives keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses. If we buy a newtelevision set , Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a newcar, we can be sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars: one forhis wife and one for himself. The most amusing thing about this game is thatJoneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up withthem are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate ofinterest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc.
Itis not only affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of makingmore money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industrydeliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone are the days when industrialgoods were made to last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept turning.Built-in obsolescence provides the means; goods are made to be discarded. Carsget tinnier and tinnier. You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you arethinking about its replacement.
Thismaterialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer youngpeople these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course ofstudies must lead somewhere. i.e. to a bigger wage packet. The demand forskilled personnel for exceeds the supply and big companies compete with eachother to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Temptingsalaries and “fringe benefits” are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of thiskind have led to the brain drain, the process by which highly skilled peopleoffer their services to the highest bidder. The wealthier nations deprive theirpoorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped asnever before, the rich get richers and the poor, poorer.
八、Communication and Language
Oneof the first things we think about when we hear the word communicationlanguage. There are thousands of languages spoken around the world today. Infact, linguistis say that there may be as many as 10000.
Speakingwith others is an important means of communication, but we can also communicatewithout using words, that is by nonverbal communication. Nonverbalcommunication includes voice quality, eyes movement, facial expression and bodymovements such as gestures and change in body position. But many people do notrealize that everyone uses nonverbal communication. Sometimes, we “say” morewith our face and gestures that we do with our voices.
Books,magazines, newspapers, radio, television, are other means of communication.Today we can also communicate over long distance with the help ofcommunications satellites. Some scientists say that soon machines will bedeveloped for sending message through the earth. The technology necessary tobuild these machines is very complex. But the language we speak every day is muchmore complex than the most modern communication technology.
九、Cooperation Goes with Competition
Inour times, cooperation and competition spread over the world. Both of themspeed up the wheel of economy and enrich the intelligence of mankind. It ispossible to accomplish a complicated program by only one person now. As weknow, the more cooperation a company depends on, the more efficient it willbecome in business.
Furthermore,we can’t avoid competition in our exchanges. From time to time, we compareourselves with others, expecting to catch up with others. This is the spirit ofcompetition, by which we pursue the highest goal. It is only by competition inthe market that a company can raise its reputation. Were it not forcompetition, say, all of us would not enjoy what we have achieved.
十、he Rise of Intellectual PropertyProtection
Intellecturalproperty scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers andadministrators even 15 years ago. Now it is an ever-present part of discussionson research policies and directions. This new importance of intellectualproperty in academia reflects a changing view on ther relationships of researchat universities to the surrounding society. Until recently, research at universitieshas been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility,and education ofgraduate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the finalgoal.
Nowalmost all research universities in the United States have technologylicensing operations. The number of U.S. patents granted to Americanuniversities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995. The direct economic impact of technology licensing onthe universities themselves has been relatively small. In contrast, the impactof university technology transfer on the local and national economies has beensubstantial, and leads to the concusion that the Licensing Act () is one of themost successful pieces of economic development in recent history. It has beenestimated that more than 200000 jobs have been created in the United Statesin product development and manufacturing of products from university licenses,with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.
Intellectualproperty terms have become vitally important. The company wants to be assuredthat it can use the results of the research-and that these results will not beavailable to their competitors. But most universities insist that transfer ofresearch results is key to their identity and mission and will not agree tokeep the project results secret. The key to resolving this dilemman is to grantpatents: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to filepatents that will protect the company’s privilege in the commercial marketplace.
