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东华大学2018年英语试题
东华大学2018年博士研究生入学考试 英语(1001)试题 Part I Vocabulary (10 points, 0.5 point each) VX>t!JP p Directions: There are 20 sentences in this section. There are fourwords or phrases marked A, B, C and D under each of the following sentences.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark thecorresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. ,l?76g 1. Many scientists remain _____ about the value of this research program. .idl@% A.sceptical B. stationary C. spacious D. specific Cg\)BHv~ 2. If you want to go to the concert,you’ll have to make a-- _____, or there will be no tickets. nT.2jk+ A. conservation B. reservation C. preservation D. observation oJu
4vGy0 3. The mother was _____ when her sonconfessed he had robbed a store. F5Q. Vh A. dismayed B. flattered C. fascinated D. disabled HY| SLk/E 4. The _____ judge accepted money to letthe prisoner go unpunished. ~t3?er& R A. committed B. corrupt C. conserved D. confident k'q
!MZU 5. It tookthem several weeks to ______the wild horse. nMoF;AdKm A.cultivate B.civilize C. curb D. tame td$6:)
6. It is acommon theme of many science fiction stories that the world may one day be ______by beings from the outer space. |w]i$`3'I A. runover B. filled in C. taken over D. broken in ;B7
|tajd 7. It __-----____that the old woman she had been taking care of was indeed her own mother. 0 S8{VZpy A. turnedover B. turned in C.turned across D. turned out :*%\i' $!/ 8. Thediscovery of new oil fields in various parts of the country filled thegovernment with _______hope. ][qA@3^Tw A.eternal B.infinite C. ceaseless D. delicate 54_m
{&hb 9. Wehope there will be a peaceful ________ to the new system. vKLG9ovlY A. transmission B. transition C. transaction D. transformation u}0t`w:
10.It is_______ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work. dM.Ow!j A. abrupt B.absurd C. adverse D. addictive fb=vO U 11. The young flower girl has been in townfor only several months, but she seems to be _____with everyone who comes tothe store. zMg^2{0L
A. admitted B. accepted C. admired D. acquainted OVK(:{PwS 12. When the wealthy man died hisillegitimate son _____half of his legacy. Ek\Zi#f< A. retreated B. displayed C. declared D. claimed !aoO,P#j 13. I have said nothing like that. Heintentionally _____ my ideas to achieve his personal ends. KDzIarC A. revised B. distracted C. contradicted D. distorted j}M
pc;XOc 14. Travelers are advised to usetraveler's checks, which provide a secure _____ to carrying all the money incash. +eat,3Ji A. substitute B.alternative C. selection D. displacement aMD?^ 15. Most of the nations in the world areworking in a collaborative effort to ___ hunger from the world. _J`M>W)8 A. abandon B.diminish C. withdraw D. eliminate S!bvU2d 16. I just can't _____ how he managed tofinish his report so soon. He said he was only halfway through it yesterday! A. figure out B. work out C.look out D. draw out 17. The mayor was asked to give a rough_____ of the cost of the construction of the new bridge. P=g+6-1 A. assessment B. evaluation C.announcement D. estimate !b
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A. swallowed B. devoured C. swigged D.gulped {K}+$jzGVt 19. When he went to the airport for theticket, Tom suddenly realized that his passport had ____ for half a year. F U%b"gP^ A. abolished B. expired C. amended D. constrained S|i
//I%_ 20. According to the report, the ____- ofthe epidemic was frightening in that country. {643Dz<e A. multitude B. altitude C. magnitude D. gratitude bzTM{<]sv KA7nncg;, Part II Cloze Test (15 points, 1point each) USY^
[@o[f Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark youranswer on your Answer Sheet. %\u>%s<9 ‘Popular science’ books by pioneering scientists come in many varieties,but are almost always 21 waiting for. Suchbooks would certainly be authoritative accounts of the subject matter. What ismore important, 22, is that they give the reader a really unique 23.The genre includes straightforward expositions of a technical topic, an earlyexample 24 the classic little book on relativity by Einstein himself. More25 ---- and perhaps 26 greater value, in the long 27 ----one has a 28 of essays on widely varying themes. These reflect, directly29 indirectly, the motivations, the compulsions, the stance, thepersonal scientific philosophy ---- 30 short, the credo ---- of a greatscientist, giving the reader 31 insight into the working of a first-ratemind in a manner that even the best of biographies can only 32.Restricting oneself to examples 33 from physics and 34 areas,some wonderful examples of this class are Wigner’s Symmetries and Reflections,Chandrasekhar’s Truth and Beauty, Feynman’s The Character of PhysicalLaw, and Dyson’s 35the Universe. XooAL0w Z(cgI5Pu
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;\y B Disturb VV'*3/I C. Disturbed jXH?os% D. Disturbance K+P:g%M (6g;FD:"6 Part III Reading Comprehension (30points) (?W[#.=7 Section A (20 points, 1 point each) 'O:QS) Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages for you toread. Read each passage carefully, and then answer the questions that follow.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on yourAnswer Sheet. nm}wdel" 0r/pZ3/ Passage 1 31*0b|Z In recent years, there has been asteady assault on salt from the doctors. Politicians also got on board."There is a direct relationship," US congressman Neal Smith noted,"between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease,circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death." \g;o9}@3~ Frightening, if true! But many doctorsand medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone toofar. "All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary," Dr.Dustan insists. "For most of us it probably doesn't make much differencehow much salt we eat." Dustan's most recent short-term study of 150 peopleshowed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all whenplaced on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Ofthe hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experiencea drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt wasreintroduced." 9*&RvsrX "An adequate to somewhatexcessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost inthe general population," notes Dr. John H. Laragh. "So arecommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes nosense." Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable"moderation" in salt consumption. For the average person, a moderateamount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of ateaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would comefrom the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing,preparation or at the table. K (!+l Those with kidney, liver or heartproblems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even thevery vocal "low salt" exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr. admitsthat "we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causeshypertension." In fact, there is growing scientific evidence that otherfactors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium;obesity (much more dangerous than sodium); genetic predisposition;stress." It is not your enemy," says Dr. Laragh. "Salt is theNo. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you don't needit is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related healthproblem, there is no reason to give it up." *f ;">(`o* 36. According to some doctors andpoliticians, the amount of salt consumed ___ "I}]]?y A. exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health. iD"9,1@~n B. cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders. dd>
qy C. correlates highly with some diseases. 9]]isE8r D. is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease. xhTiOt6l 37. From Dr. Dustan's study we caninfer that ______ ==XO:P A. a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people. y}
W-OLE B. the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with one'sblood pressure. , b;WCWm C. the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensivepatient. sngM4ikhs D. an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference toanyone. xa&5o`>1G 38. In the third paragraph, Dr. Laraghimplies that _____ ed\umQ] A. people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt. tQYkH$e`/{ B. doctors should not advise people to avoid salt. >JUOS2 C. an adequate toexcessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease. ]ur_G`B D. excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in thegeneral population. &4}Uaxt) 39. The phrase "vocal ……exponent" (Para. 4) most probably refers to ____ |%~Zo:Q<$> A. eloquent doctor. *k^'xL B. articulate opponent. X1Vj"4'wT C. loud speaker. ih\=mB D. strong advocate. 79MF;>=tV 40. What is the main message of thistext? MIx,#]C& A. That the saltscare is not justified. X Z4q{^o B. That the causeof hypertension is now understood. k,GAHM"' C. That themoderate use of salt is recommended. vp2s)W8W D. That saltconsumption is to be promoted. bZf}m=C! AdGDs+at, Passage 2 6*r#m%| Globalizationis not just some passing trend. Today it is an overarching international systemshaping the domestic politics and foreign relations of virtually every country,and we need to understand it as such. t;/s^-} As thoughtful people concerned about world affairs, our job is topick up "globalization," examine it from all sides, dissect it,figure out what makes it tick, and then nurture and promote the good parts and mitigateor slow down the bad parts. Globalization is much like fire. Fire itself isneither good nor bad. Used properly, it can cook food, sterilize equipment,form iron, and heat our homes. Used carelessly, fire can destroy lives, townsand forests in an instant. As Friedman says: "Globalization can beincredibly empowering and incredibly coercive. It can democratize opportunityand democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows stronger. Itleaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster andfaster. While it is homogenizing cultures, it is also enabling people to sharetheir unique individuality farther and wider." J<h!H
Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can alsobring tremendous opportunities and benefits. Just as capitalism requires anetwork of governing systems to keep it from devouring societies, globalizationrequires vigilance and the rule of law. Anti-trust laws, the Securities andExchange Commission, labor unions, charities, the Federal Trade Commission, andcountless other agencies and organizations keep American capitalism in check.Similar transparent mechanisms are needed to make sure globalization is apositive force in the world. ~`Rb"Zn Globalization will always have cheerleaders who are blind to thedestruction globalization can cause. And it will always have strident opponentsblind to the way globalization gives some people their first opportunity tofulfill basic aspirations. D@?Tq,=
[ As with most issues, the majority ofpeople will be in the middle. They will see globalization not as something toworship or demonize. Instead, they will see it as something to mold, shape andmanage for the betterment of everyone. 8D:0Vhx\I 41. What does the word “mitigate”in paragraph 2 most likely mean? YDWV=/ A. A. To alleviate. ~9ynlVb7)r B. To slow down. L{F[>^1Sb
C. To omit. 3;Y9< D. To go faster. +"GBuNh 42. Why does the author compareglobalization as fire? U-:"Wx%G A. When used correctly, they both can sterilizeequipment. #w1E3ahaX B. When used improperly, they both can destroy our life. F XG,DJ: C. When worshipped, they both improve our life greatly. PFI^+'; D. When demonized, they both can be dangerous. 7
?"-:q 43. Why is globalization comparedas capitalism in the passage? S=_*<[W%4 A. They both require vigilance to keep themfrom devouring societies. b"pN; v B. They both need Federal trade commission and labor unions. ZO8r8
[ C. They both need transparent mechanisms to operate properly. r<OqI*7 D. Both A and B. .kc{)d*0K 44. People who worshipglobalization usually _____ while people who demonize globalization usually____. F~C7$ A. see it as something to mold for the improvement of everyone; standin the middle to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyone @B9O*x+n: B. believe globalization can be shaped ;believe globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side /RemLJP
F C. believe globalization is a positive force in theworld; believe globalization requires vigilance and the rule of laws *hli
nQKs D. see no destruction globalization can cause; can not see thatglobalization gives some people their first opportunity to fulfill basicaspiration ge|Cvv 45. Which of the following is notnecessarily required to make positive use of globalization? &UIS |