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The strangest weather of last year was possibly not on Earth, but on the Sun. Every 11years (31) the Sun goes through a cycle of sunspots- actually magnetic storms erupting across its surface. The number of sunspots (32) _ its minimum in 2007 and (33) have increased soon afterwards, but the Sun has remained strangely quiet since then. Scientists have been baffled as weeks and sometimes months have gone by without a single sunspot, in (34) is thought to be the deepest solar minimum for almost 100 years. u,&Z5S
This (35) of solar activity means that cosmic rays reaching Earth from space have increased and the planet's ionosphere in the upper atmosphere has sunk in (36) , giving less drag on satellites and making collisions between them and space junk more likely. The solar minimum could also be cooling the climate on Earth because of slightly diminished solar irradiance, in fact, the quiet spell on the Sun may be (37) some of the warming effects of greenhouse gases, according to recent research by two US solar scientists. The solar minimum, their study suggests, accounts for the somewhat fiat temperature trend of the past decade. But LZ
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(38) if this solar minimum is offsetting global warming, scientists stress that the overall effect is relatively slight and certainly will not last. .k[Ptx>
The Sun has gone into long quiet spells before. From 1645 to 1715 few sunspots were seen during a period called the Little Ice Age, when short summers and savage winters often plagued Northern Europe. Scotland was hit particularly (39) as harvests were ruined in cold, miserable summers, which led to famine, death, migration and huge depopulation, But whether the quiet Sun was entirely to blame for it remains highly (40) ULsz<Hj
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32. [A] increased [B] got [C] reduced [D] reached >R.~'A/$F
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35. [A] much [B] lack [C] number [D] amount `t#C0
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39. [A] hard [B] severe [C] harsh [D] heavy mb?yG:L=0b
40. [A] certain [B] unlikely [C] likely [D] uncertain S0kH/A
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2009年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 T*'5-WV|3t
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Three (51) _ years ago Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit made his (52) @p}H@#/u\
thermometer in his home town of Danzig (Now Gdansk in Poland). The thermometer was filled with (53) and completely sealed, but it was not much use without some sort of (54) to measure the temperature.
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One story (55) that, during the winter of 1708-09, Fahrenheit took a measurement of 0 degrees as the coldest temperature outdoors — which would now read as minus 17. 8C. Five years (56) he used mercury instead of alcohol for his (57) , and made a top reference point by measuring his own body temperature as 90 degrees. Soon afterwards he became a glassblower, (58) m|e!1_:H
allowed him to make thinly blown glass tubes that could be marked up with more points on the scale and so (59) accuracy. x+%lNR
Eventually he took the (60) point of his temperature scale from a leading made in ice, water and salt, and a top point made from the boiling point of water. The scale was recalibrated using 180 degrees between these (61) points and Fahrenheit was able to make much more accurate and more (62) measurements of temperature. 0wxQ,PI1'
But in 1742 a rival challenged the Fahrenheit scale and (63) XIf,#9
superseded it. Anders Celsius, in Sweden, invented a scale of 100 degrees between the b>;5#OQfn
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freezing and boiling points of water and gradually (64) /V:%}Z
over many countries. h&[!CtPm
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51. [A] thousand [B] hundred [C]decades of [D ]hundreds of x7t"@Gz
52. [A] initial [B]final [C]first [D] last hF!yp7l;
53. [A] alcohol [B]mercury [C] sand [D] salt @v@'8E Q
54. [A] scale [B] measurement [C] points [D] degrees \fh.D/@
55. [A] says [B]rumors [C] concludes [D] goes vg
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56. [A] ago [B]before [C] after [D] later 7{/qQGL
57. [A] thermometers [B] measurements [C] points [D] degrees r'w5i1C+
58. [A] thereby [B] which [C] that [D] what B% BO
59. [A]enlarge [B] add up [C] increase [D] promote ! X*L<)=nh
60. [A] coldest [B]lowest [C] coolest [D] deepest H~@aT7
61. [A] three [B] four [C]two [D] dual wf<uG|90
62. [A] continuous [B] continuant [C]coherent [D] consistent V|<qO-#.
63. [A] eventually [B] accidentally [C] surprisingly [D] fortunately .|x0du|
64. [A] took [B]turned [C] brought [D] won sRt|G
65. [A] kept [B]remained [C] maintained [D] sustained 024*IoVZ
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注:64题是存在争议的一道题,这在完形填空题型中很普遍,大家不必在哪个是最佳选 项上纠结,弄清题目的意思即可,这里要表达的是得到许多国家的认可。 cidS/OH
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2010(03)年中科院博士研究生入学考试英语试题 =@w};e#D
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Time for another global-competitiveness alert. In the Third International Mathematics and Science Study—which last year tested a half-million students in 41 countries—American eighth graders 21 below the world average in math. And that's not even 22 part. Consider this as you try to 23 which countries will dominate the technology markets of the 21st century: the top 10 percent of America's math students scored about the same as the average kid in the global 24 , Singapore. w.^k':,"
It isn't exactly a news flash these days 25 Americans score behind the curve on international tests. But educators say this study is 26 because it monitored variables both inside and outside the classroom. Laziness—the factor often 27 for Americans poor performance—is not the culprit here. American students 28 spend more time in class than pupils in Japan and Germany. 29 , they get more tj{rSg7{
homework and watch the same amount of TV. The problem, educators say, is not the kids but a curriculum that is too 30 . The study found that lessons for U. S. eighth graders contained topics mastered by seventh graders in other countries. ;cxYX/fJ
Teachers actually agree that Americans need to 31 their kids to more sophisticated math earlier. Unfortunately, experts say, the teachers don't recognize that 32 these concepts are taught is as important as the concepts themselves. rQN+x|dKMb
Most educators rely 33 on textbooks and rote learning (死记硬背) . While many nPvR
textbooks cover 34 ideas, most do so superficially, 35 students with the techniques but not the mastery of the broader principles. :t^=~xO9
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22. A. the least B. the worst C. the less D. the worse .Uha %~%
23. A. figure out B. carry on C. count up D. show up Eu1s
24. A. village B. leader C. friend D. country z4H!b+
25. A. what B. where C. when D. that q\d'}:kfu
26. A. important B. ineffective C. comparable D. delightful *N< 22w
27. A. ignored B. blamed C. exaggerated D. viewed @*A(#
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30. A. easy B. small C. short D. poor +% '0;
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32. A. where B. why C. how D. whether U%w?muJW
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35. A. carrying B. leaving C. expecting D. shaping V"T;3@N/4
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