中国海洋大学2005博士英语真题 `P.CNYR<J
PARTⅠ Cloze (15) 'h}7YP, w
Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Readthe passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrasemarked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Blacken the correspondingletter of the word or phrase you have chosen on your Answer Sheet. Qp!J:YV
At least since the Industrial Revolution,gender roles have been in a state of transition. As 3*WS"bt
a result, culturalscripts about marriage have Undergone change. One of the more obvious 1 re uYTH
has occurred in theroles that women 2 Women have moved into the world of workand have 0w3b~RJ
become adept atmeeting expectations in that arena,3 maintaining their familyroles .of YMu)
nurturing andcreating a (n) 4 that is a haven for all family members. 5 manywomen 5Y-2
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experience strainfrom trying to "do it all," they often enjoy .the increased 6 thatcan result r}EM4\r
from playingmultiple roles. As women's roles havechanged, changing expectations about E@pFTvo
men's roles havebecome more 7 . Many men are relinquishing their majorresponsibility 8 z%};X$V`J
the familyprovider. Probably the most significant change in men's roles, however, is inthe b1=pO]3u
emotional 9 offamily life. Men are increasingly 10 tomeet the emotional needs of their _?b;0{93u
families, 11 theirwives. l* Y[^'
Infact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become moresignificant for marriage in general.刀攀猀攀愀爀攀栀 on 12 marriage has changed over recent aecadespoints to the increasing, importance of the emotional side of-the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the eemotion work" 13 to nourish marriages and other familyrelationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that areinterdependent, 14 both partners nurture each other, attendand respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men'sand women's roles are becoming increasingly more 15 . U;gp)=JNT
1. A. incidentsB. changes C.results D. effects /*P7
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2. A. takeB. do C. play D. show }vD;DSz:
3. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus c[{UI
4. A. home B. garden C.愀爀攀渀愀 D. paradise %#9P?COs&W
5. A. When B: Even though C. Since D. Nevertheless @1.9PR$x
6. A. rewards B. profits C.瀀爀椀瘀椀氀攀最攀猀 D. incomes N
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7. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D. apparent |EeBSRAfe
8. A. as B. of C. from D. for D3.VXuKn6
9. A. sectionB constituent: C. domainD. point 7jT}{
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10. A.encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted (UcFNeo
11. A. not tomention B. as well as CincludingD. especially . M.[wKGX(
12. A. how B. what C. why D. if [<Jp#&u6sb
13 A. butB. only. C. enough D. necessary ue9h
14. A. unless B. although C. where D. because gvo?([j-m
15. A.pleasant B. important C. similar D. manageable ?cxr%`E
PART Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (30) %
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Directions: Thereare 5 reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and markyour answer on 琀栀攀 ANSWER SHEET by blackening thecorresponding letter in the brackets. :<UtHf<=k
Passage 1 1RA }aX
The first navigational lights in the NewWorld were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The fast lighthouse wasput tip by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at theentrance to Boston Harbor. Paid forand maintained by "light dues"levied on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. By then there wereonly a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonic. Little over a century later,there were 700 lighthouses. [`9^QEj
The first eight erected on the West Coast inthe 1850's featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling withthe tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England andelsewhere, though., lighthouses reflected a Variety of architectural styles.Since most stations in the Northeast were built.on rocky eminences, enormoustowers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others "ofwood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts: some were fastened to rock withiron rods. "Farther south, from Marylandthreugh the Florida Keys, thecoastwas low and sandy. It was often necessary to戀甀椀氀搀 tall towers there -- massive structures like the majestic CapeHatteras. North Carolina. lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet it isthe tallest brick lighthouse in the country. kp; &cQu!
NOt withstanding differences in appearanceand construction, mostAmerican lighthouses shared several features: a light,living quarters, and sometimes a bell ( or, later; a foghorn). They alsohad something else in common: a keeperand, usually, the keeper's family. Thekeeper's essential task was trimming the lantern wick in order to maintain asteady, bright flame. The earliestkeepers came from every walk of life --- they were seamen, farmers, mechanics,rough mill hands -- and appoint ments were often handed out by local customscommissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouses wastaken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, an agency of. theTreasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional. sDAK\#z
16 What is the best tide for the passage? 9m~t
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A. The Lighthouse on Little BrewsterIsland DO%Pwfkd
B: The Life of a Lighthouse Keeper 嬀/size] ?OO%5PSe n
C.Early Lighthouses .in the United States QQq/5r4O`q
D. The Modem Profession ofLighthouse-Keeping嬀/size] re q-Q |
17. Why does the author mention theMassachusetts Bay Colony? -xTKdm
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A. It was. the headquarters of the UntiedStates Lighthouse Board. Z+,CL/
B. Many of the tauest.lighthouses werebuilt there. 9.]
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C. The first lantern wicks were developedthere. _G[6+g5|
D. The first lighthouse in North Americawas built there. L}b'+Wi@
18. It can beinferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did not need hightowers because . S[sr'ZW
A. ship there had high masts B. coastal waters were safe F~'sT}A*
C. the coast was straight and unobstructed {RJ52Gx(
D. the lighthouse were built on highplaces U\?+s2I)v
19. According tothe passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States befound? V:8@)Hc=
A, Little Brewster Island B. The Florida Keys qZP:@r"
C. Cape Hatteras D. Cape cod 18rp;
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20. In the secondsentence of paragraph 3 , which of the following does the word "They"refer to? py.!%vIOQ
A.Lighthouses B.Differences C. QuartersD. Features IE}Sdeqi)
Passage 2 B/rzh? b
Every living thing has an inner biologicalclock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there areno outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological dock d96fjj~
tells plants whento form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to s4N,^_j
leave theprotective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep andwake. It "H@Fe
controls bodytemperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams.these natural daily ] .`_,
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events arecircadian rhythms. f
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Man has known about them for thousands ofyears. But the first scientific observation of sX
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Circadian rhythmswas not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer. Jean-Jacques C,(j$Id
d'Ortous de Mairan,noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every !L/tLHk+
morning, and closedthem at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept :Nkz,R?
it in a dark placeall the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms .in humans. 8a?IC|~Pz
They learned thatman's biological clock actually keeps time with-a day of-a litde less than 25 5e
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hours instead ofthe 24 hours On a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, ZDfS0]0F
Eliot. Weitzman,established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in y1nP F&_
his experiments areshut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their ;
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circadian rhythms.Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for ~PCTLP~zI
common sleepproblems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratoryis }&C dsCM>2
in the MontefloreHospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in *XHj)
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each. The windowsare covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or M`(;>Kp7
televisionreceivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, 9Il'E6
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one-way cameras andother electronic devices for observing the person in the living area; The {({
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instruments measureheartbeat, body temperature, hormones in the blood, other substances in }!Xf&c{7{
the urine and brainwaves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control x4@MO|C
room 24 hours a dayduring an experiment They do not work the same time each day and are not xJ$Rs/9C
permitted to wearwatches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is. In the aD0Q 0C+
first four years ofresearch, Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the Rz)v-Yu
ages of 21 and 80.The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, Hi$#!OU
a science reporterfor The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobol, became the first woman to \A` gK\/h
tare part in theexperiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. ux%&lff
Miss Sobol wrotereports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the
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Newspaper. cPV5^9\T
21. The biologicalclock is believed to play an essential role in A{G5Plrh
A. the regulation of body temperature B. thesecretion of hormones l#
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C.animal reproduction D. many aspects ofplant and animal physiology , MiRibH
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22 In hisobservation, the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plantmaintained ?a*fy}A|
its opening-and-closing cycles %g!yccD9
A. even when it was kept in a murky placeall day tq2-.]Y@U
B.攀瘀攀渀 if it was placed in the moonlight
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C. even when he was observing it from a darkplace :y4)qF
D. even during the night time @$2`DI{_^
23 The sentence "They are free to listen toand live by their circadian rhythms. " (In "bv,I-\
Paragraph 4) probably means :(5]Z^
A. They can leadtheir daily lives according to their biological clocks, without referring to aman-made clock. %@M0
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B. They can listen to the wonderfulrhythms of the biological clock and live close to them, 3?a0
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C. They can live by regulating their.owncircadian rhythms~ )pkhir06t
D. They are free from the annoyingrhythms of everyday life. E
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24. In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman,the doctor who is.on duty does not work $)kk8Q4+K
the same time each day Jnh;;<
A. in order to observe the abnormalbehavior of the people at different times s!8J.hD'I
B. so as not to he recognized by thepeople j1'xp`jgv
C.so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts work F{a0X0ru~
D. so as to leave the people's circadianrhythms in disorder wgSR*d>y*9
25.圀栀愀琀 is Mr. Weitzman's ultimate purpose of establishing a laboratory? @m !9"QhC
A. He wanted, to have his experimentreport published in the. newspapers 4~]8N@Bii
B. People are free to listen to and liveby their circadian rhythms \NvC
C. He wanted to find a way to treatpeople's diseases-. `dG.L
D. He could gain some reputation for thefirst scientific observation of circadian (%ri#
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26.Miss Sobo1 left the laboratory Thht_3_C,f
A. on June 13th B. on June 25th C. at the end of June D. on July 7th y]~+ `9
passage 3 .. ihpz}g
There is confused notion in the minds ofmany persons, that the gafhering of the property Z9;nC zHm
漀昀 the poor into the hands of the rich does noultimate harm, since in who,sever hands it may be, ($[r>)TG
椀琀 must be spent at last, and thus, theythink, return to the poor again. This .fallacy has been ^C,/T2>
愀最愀椀渀 and again exposed; but granting the pleatrue, the same apology may, of course, be made _D7HQ
昀漀爀 blackmail; or any other form of robbery.It might be (though practically it never is) as e4>L@7
愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀漀甀猀 for the nation that the ~robbershould have the spending of the money he extorts, as that the person robbedshould have spent it. But thisis no excuse for the theft. If I were to put cpr{b8Xb8&
愀 turnpike on the road where it passes my owngate, and endeavor to exact a shilling from every i5>J
瀀愀猀猀攀渀最攀爀, the public would soon do away withmy gate, without listening to arty pleas on my ulz\x2[Pf
瀀愀爀琀 that it was as advantageous to them, inthe end, that I should spent their shillings, as that Mo/2,DiI5
they themselvesshould. But if, instead of outfacingthem with a turnpike, I can only persuade !~w6"%2+7
琀栀攀洀 to come in and buy stones, or old iron,or any "other useless thing, out of my ground, I IgHs&=
may rob them to thesame extent and, moreover, be, thanked as a public benefactor and promoter R&x7