考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 {
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开头万能公式: lL"ANlX-P
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1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 (Fs{~4T
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! ,v_NrX=f?
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? R(p3*t&n
经典句型: ?,^Aoy
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) z#^;'n
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It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. Nx=rw h
(适用于自编名言) 'b:e8m
更多经典句型: VMH^jCFp
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 4Be\5Byr
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 frT<9$QUL
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 h]pz12Yf
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: 4/AE;yX
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college +F+M[ef<ws
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. D|$Fw5!^k6
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: 8\Bb7*
Honesty vKBijmE
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 n50WHlMtt
Travel by Bike # p2`9o
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 e%C_>
Youth xSq{pxX
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 _{/[&vJ
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 0+F
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根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 %Ni"*\
更多句型: $4q$!jB5
A recent statistics shows that … V.Tn1i-v
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结尾万能公式:
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1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 N-W>tng_x
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: Ub/ZzAwq
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good j4I ~
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 9BAvE\o0
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! FLXn%/
更多过渡短语: ~;#sj&~
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus KD.|
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更多句型: O]'2<;
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… )qe
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2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 b!bg sd
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! D -d
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve kc(m.k!|f\
the problem. @)U;hk)j;
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? *2pf
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更多句型: o(4gh1b%
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Em !%3C1
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Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be +abb[
taken. k7
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写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 "=1gA~T
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工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: wl&T9O;?
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is U8J9 #+:
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to .]s? 01Z
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite 8d_J9Ho
similar. HNCu:$Wr@
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! ;|0P\3
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 7'"qW"<
主 题 句原则 ,n[<[tkCR
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! @HPr;m!
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! FzcXSKHV%
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully /(*Ucv2i}T
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, uAqiL>y
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 l5.k2{'
一 二 三原则 c?e-2Dp(
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… "T{WOGU+
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 3}!
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1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) jU~ x^Y
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) &l3(+4Sh
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) 3]GMQA{L)
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, VnVBA-#r|
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) =Y81h-
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) mvK^')
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) } 6!/Nb
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) ;Mo_B9
8)most important of all, moreover, finally ) WbWp4
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) Rx&O}>"E>l
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) `MCiybl,&P
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 &Ap9h#
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写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: A5J41yH
I cannot bear it. ~ HhB@G!3
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. .Y{x!Q"
I want it. x<M::")5!V
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. 3 a.!9R>
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 c0'ryS_Z9
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, s$isDG#Sr
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital Jh 0Grq
之类的形象词。再比如: n
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走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room c>K]$;}
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room T2S_>
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*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room 'z5jn
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小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room =~h b&
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room pQBn8H|
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所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则
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1)加法(串联) !i~(h&z
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, JkWhYP }
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: FHQ`T\fC$@
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. o& FOp'
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: kEnGr6e
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. }
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其它的短语可以用: ?'6@m86d
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover ^#<L!yo^
2)转折(拐弯抹角) 0fXMY-$I
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 /S]RP>cQ
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. 5OI.Ka
The coat was thin, but it was warm. /S"jO[n9b
更多的短语: !92e$GJ} ;
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of,
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despite, notwithstanding aNEah
3)因果(so, so, so) uL/wV~g
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! X6G{. Vh"
The snow began to fall, so we went home. X?'cl]1?
更多短语: }4Yz P 4
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a &|Duc} t
result, for this reason, so that
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4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) nU>P%|loXx
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 C K7([>2
举例:This is what I can do. rpRyB9
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. %42a>piev
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: =%7drBo D
When to go, Why he goes away… =tP9n ;D
5)附加(多此一举) ~-zTY&c_
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 C>+n>bH]L
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. @vlP)"
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. /9R0}4i7
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. GJ*IH9YR
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom 031"D*W'i
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 ^y/Es2A#t
6)排比(排山倒海句) T/'z,,Y
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! Gw<D'b)!
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated e-ta 7R4
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Da(k>vR@4
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such ZW [&7[4
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean d-~V.
tides. [~{F(Le
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, 2o?j{K
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) AZ3T#f![L@
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 MIZdk'.U
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! RK!9(^Ja
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: oK\zyNK
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb |0i{z(B
the Western Hills. +LRKS
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about OvX&5Q5
three times that of China. r/sSkF F
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! C1D:Xi-
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 Lm4`O%
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思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! TTVmm{6
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted +c~&o83[
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as R0RxcBtG
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. A
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For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will `>
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ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the Ur
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seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. w,p'$WC*
更多句型: ^{uHph9ny
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, VCWW(Y1Fd
for example二、做比较 LaQ7A,
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方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; J#$U<`j*G
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through D}?p>e|<D
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: Y%?S:&GH
相似的比较: Z^|N]Ej
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner
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相反的比较: )$!b`u
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, 6M
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nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, 1Vu#:6%
…三、换言之 !i"zM}
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 u#Ig!7iUu
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! 9ngx
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I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. ,m{R
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I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love o-rX 4=T
with you. hVF^"$
或者上面我们举过的例子: UH MJ(.Wa-
I cannot bear it. (m R)o&Y%,
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. p}QDX*/sSu
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with /wLBmh1"
it or I am fed up with it. UQDAql
更多短语: G!Brt&_'
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more _^&
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simply