今年考博英语阅读理解一共5篇，其中2篇是2000年英语专业八级原题，一篇是2000年考研原题，一篇是考研阅读天天练2004中的原题。还有一篇出处不祥，现呈上以上四篇的原题及答案。 %c+`8 wj
第一篇：2000年专八试题： D<=x<.
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Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they a re to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance , the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgen ce of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You’re supposed to figure this out for yo urself. pc9m ,?n
It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budg et goes toward smoothing out life’s inequalities, and there is plenty of money f or schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: t hree days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it —old dialects persist in Jutland that can barel y be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes,“ Fe w have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is struck by the swe e t egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’ s a nation of recyclers—about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new— and no nuclear power plants. It’s a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general. NQB a+N
Such a nation of overachievers — a brochure from the Ministry of Busines s and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most c orruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. ”So, of course, one’s heart l ifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings(“Foreigne r s Out of Denmark! ”), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slu mped in the park. 2 I:x)
Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it co mes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nic e clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. Peopl e stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it’s 2 a.m. a n d there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’ t think of themselves as a w ai nting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people——that’s how they see Swedes and Ge r mans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is( though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few n atural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained. Kf=6l#J7
The orderliness of the society doesn’t mean that Danish lives are less me s sy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear ple nty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society c an not exempt its members from the hazards of life. z}Y23W&sX
But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn’t feel bad f o r taking what you’re entitled to, you’re as good as anyone else. The rules of th e welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your jo b, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest witho ut a sense of crisis. hG1 \
16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country. BY*{j&^
A. boastful B. modest C. deprecating D. mysterious </xz
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17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the pa ssage? ;/-v4
A. Fondness of foreign culture. B. Equality in society. C. Linguistic tolerance. D. Persistent planning. 2 pr #qh8
18. The author’s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business a nd Industry is ___. #eRrVjbo
A. disapproving B. approving C. noncommittal D. doubtful V$ 8go#5
19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ___. 1 co;U
A. sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes s R~D3-
B. spares Danes social troubles besetting other people K)ZW1d;
C. is considered economically essential to the country r6,EyCWcCs
D. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles f$7Xh~
20. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ___. 4*`AYx(
A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits .Iu8bN(L`
B. Danes take for granted what is given to them T<o^f
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C. the open system helps to tide the country over XY _hTHJ
D. orderliness has alleviated unemployment Etj0k}
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短文大意：本文是有关丹麦社会秩序的介绍。 kVmR v.zZ
16.答案：B B|f
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【参考译文】作者认为丹麦人对他们的国家持什么样的态度？ w$)NW57[|
【试题分析】本题为推理题。 h]+UK14m
【详细解答】短文第一段首句说“Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes.”由此可知，丹麦人对他们的国家持谦虚态度， 故答案选B。 *+ i1m `6Q
17.答案：A K]{x0A
【参考译文】下列哪一项不是文中所评价的丹麦人的特征？ Yy 8? X9r.
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。 {p y"Ob_
【详细解答】短文第二段第二句说“…and despite all the English that Danish absorbs — there is no Danish Academy to defend against it — old dialects persist in J utland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners.”由此可知，丹麦是一个在语 言上有容忍性的国家，故可排除选项C；下一句接着说“It is the land where, as the sa ying goes,“ Few have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is str uck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails,…”由此可知丹麦社会是个人人平等的 社会，故可排除选项B；由本段最后一句“It’s a nation of tireless planner. Trains r un on time. Things operate well in general.”可知，丹麦是个有秩序守时的国家，故 可排除选项D。文中并没有提到丹麦人喜欢外国文化，故选项A为正确答案。 CyV2=o!F w
18.答案：D +QW | 8b
【参考译文】作者对工商业部长所说的话的反应是什么？ w-j^jU>< 3
【试题分析】本题为推理题。 Q M) ob
【详细解答】工商部长在讲话中说到丹麦是世界上最干净，最有秩序的国家，没有污染，没有 犯罪与贫穷等等，作者并没有直接地表达自己的态度，而是列举了一些与该部长谈话相反的 社会现象，由此可知，作者是持怀疑的态度，故答案选D。 5Ic'6AIz
19.答案：C kf:Nub+h t
【参考译文】根据该短文，丹麦社会的井然有序怎样？
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【试题分析】本题为细节题。 2CF5qn}T
【详细解答】短文第四段中说到“Orderliness is a main selling point.”由于丹麦缺乏自 然资源，井然有序的社会秩序对该国经济发展起到重要作用，故选项C为正确答案。 KaIkO8Dq0
20.答案：D .
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【参考译文】下列哪一项不是作者在文中最后一段陈述的内容？ Yh["IhjR
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。 "(YfvO+
【详细解答】由本段第三句“The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone,… ”，可排除选项A；由第二句中的“…you shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’re e ntitled to,…”可排除选项B；由最后一句“the orderliness of the system makes it p ossible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.”可排除选项C。本段并没有提到“井然有序的社会秩序有可能减轻失业 问题”，故答案选D。
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第二篇：2000年专八试题 v8y !zo'
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Fred Cooke of Salford turned 90 two days ago and the world has been beating a path to his door. If you haven’t noticed, the backstreet boy educated at Bla c kpool grammar styles himself more grandly as Alastair Cooke, broadcaster extraor dinaire. An honorable KBE, he would be Sir Alastair if he had not taken American citizenship more than half a century ago. 0B]c`$"aD
If it sounds snobbish to draw attention to his humble origins, it should be reflected that the real snob is Cooke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguis ing them. But the fact that he opted to renounce his British passport in 1941 — just when his country needed all the wartime help it could get-is hardly a ma tter for congratulation. ^
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Cooke has made a fortune out of his love affair with America, entrancing l isteners with a weekly monologue that has won Radio 4 many devoted adherents. Pa rt of the pull is the developed drawl. This is the man who gave the world “mida tlantic”, the language of the disc jockey and public relations man. s>I~%+V.?:
He sounds American to us and English to them, while in reality he has for decades belonged to neither. Cooke’s world is an America that exists largely in the imagination. He took ages to acknowledge the disaster that was Vietnam and e ven longer to wake up to Watergate. His politics have drifted to the right with age, and most of his opinions have been acquired on the golf course with fellow celebrities. lyzM?lK-
He chased after stars on arrival in America, Fixing up an interview with Ch arlie Chaplin and briefly becoming his friend. He told Cooke he could turn him i nto a fine light comedian; instead he is an impressionist’s dream. w
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Cooke liked the sound of his first wife’s name almost as much as he admir e d her good looks. But he found bringing up baby difficult and left her for the w ife of his landlord. Women listeners were unimpressed when, in 1996, he declared on air that th e fact that 4% of women in the American armed forces were raped showed remarkabl e self-restraint on the part of Uncle Sam’s soldiers. His arrogance in not allo w ing *** editors to see his script in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment. His defenders said he could not help living with the 1930s values he had acquired and somewhat dubiously went on to cite “gallantry” as chief a mo ng them. Cooke’s raconteur style encouraged a whole generation of *** men to th i nk of themselves as more important than the story. His treacly tones were the mo del for the regular World Service reports From Our Own Correspondent, known as F OOCs in the business. They may yet be his epitaph. '[vC C'
24. At the beginning of the passage the writer sounds critical of ___. 4jw q
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A. Cooke’s obscure origins Hbl&)!I
B. Cooke’s broadcasting style i.0d>G><@
C. Cooke’s American citizenship zmhAeblA
D. Cooke’s fondness of America juA}7
25. The following adjectives can be suitably applied to Cooke EXCEPT ___. b( ~#CHg
A. old-fashioned B. sincere C. arrogant D. popular 26. The writer comments on Cooke’s life and career in a slightly ___ tone. 6Z5$cR_vC7
A. ironic B. detached C. scathing D. indifferent -FS! v^
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答案：TEXT C e> Dux
短文大意：本文是对著名广播节目主持人库克的一生的评论。 J4Ca 0Ag
24.答案：C 5 R6
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【参考译文】短文的开头，作者似乎对库克的哪一方面进行了批评？ [W99}bi$
【试题分析】本题为细节题。 R@KWiV
【详细解答】短文第二段首句中说“…it should be reflected that the real snob is Coo ke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguising them.” 这句话表明作者对于库克放 弃英国护照的做法是持批评态度，认为这一点是不能容忍的，故答案选C。 +hcJ!$J7
25.答案：B f\z9?Z(~
【参考译文】不能用下列哪一个形容词来描述库克？ ]} pAZd
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。 ypNe TR$4
【详细解答】短文第一段描写的是库克过90岁生日的盛况，由此可知库克相当有名，故可首先 排除选项D；短文最后一段第二句说“His arrogance in not allowing *** editors to se e his script in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment.”由此 可知他的傲慢个性，故可排除选项C；这里接着说“His defenders said he could not hel p living with the 1930s values he had acquired and somewhat dubiously went on to cite “gallantry” as chief among them.”由此可知他是一位保守人物，故可排除选项A ；全文没有提到他的“真诚”一面，故答案选B。 |M
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26.答案：C RN$q,f[#
【参考译文】在评论库克的一生和他的职业时，作者的语气有点怎样？ Ch
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【试题分析】本题为推理题。 GuF-HP}xM
【详细解答】文中在谈到库克的事业成功给予了肯定。而当谈到他的国籍、婚姻、军队中性犯 罪、为人处事等问题时，作者提出了极其严厉地批评。故选项C“尖锐的，讽刺的”为正确 答案。 KP!7hJhw
第三篇：考研阅读天天练2004中的原题 o3 `0x9{
The great question that this paper will, but feebly, attempt to answer is , what is the creative process? r#d]"3tH
Though much theory has accumulated, little is really known about the power that lies at the bottom of poetic creation. It is true that great poets and artists produce beauty by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions. But what is the magical synthesis that joins and arranges these complex parts into poetic unity?
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John L.Lowes, in his justly famous “The Road to Xanadu,” developed one of the earliest and still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question. Imaginative creation, he concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconscious minds jointly operate. “There is…the deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blending images; but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the controlling Will. Which gives to that potential beauty actuality.” ]0pI6"
The Deep Well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas, feelings of the conscious activity. The imaginative vision, an unconscious activity, shines through the land of chaos, of lights and shadows, silently seeking pattern and form. Finally, the conscious mind again, through Will, captures and embodies the idea in the final work of art. In this way is unity born out of chaos. hysxHOL
Though there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods in the development of a creative work parallel, to some extent, Lowes’ theory of Well, Vision, Form, and Will. There are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work. nZ`=Up p )
In a sense, the period of preparation is all of the writer’s life. It is the Deep Well. It is the Deep Well. It is especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level of the writer’s mind, he is ready to go on with the process. Part of this preparation involves learning a medium—learning a language, learning how to write, learning literary forms. It is important to mot here that form cannot be imposed upon the idea. Evidence, though sparse, shows that the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it. It is the Vision, according to Lowes, ” which sees shining in and through the chaws of the potential lines of from … ” -./ Y
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1. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level, the post has reached the stage called
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[A]. Well. [B]. Vision. [C]. Form. [D]. Will. mHc2v==X\-
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE? d_98%U+ u
[A]. The form determines the subject matter. R xWD>:
[B]. The idea determines the form. &jDRRT 3
[C]. Vision makes beauty an actuality. hflDVGBW
[D]. A writer is unconscious when he prepares his work. Y C}$O2
3. The word “fortuitously” in the third paragraph means *1}vn%wvn
[A]. accidentally. [B]. luckily. [C]. thoroughly. [D]. potentially. CjA}-ee
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[A]. Deep Well. [B]. Vision. ,]?l(H $x'
[C]. Chaotic lights and shadows. [D]. Conscious mind. Sq 2yQSd
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1. D. 意志。第三段倒数第二句“最终又是意识的思维，通过意志，在其最终的艺术作品中捕捉和体现了这种思想观念”。第五段第三句：“当作者回溯以往事情达到了有意识的水平时，他就具备（准备）了继续创作进程的条件。这种准备工作中有一部分涉及学习媒介——学习一种语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式。”第二段都体现了意志是有意识思维的集中表现。 J15$P8J
A. 源泉，来源，顾名思义，也是最初的东西。 B. 洞察力，视觉。 C.形式。这三项选择在第二，三段集中说明，见难句译注3及第四题答案。 v aa
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2. B. 思想观念决定形式。这在最后一段倒数第四句：部分准备工作涉及学习媒介——学习语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式之后“这里要注意文学形式不能强加于思想观念。有证据，虽然很少，表明思想观念产生适合传递它的文学形式。 H
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A. 形式决定主题。 C. 形象使美变得真实。 D. 作者在准备写作时处于无意识状态。难句译注3和第四题答案都说明了这三项选择是不对的。 P^*gk P
3. A. 偶然的。 /t?(Ic P5
B. 幸运的，fortuitously一词确实有幸运的之义。但这里上下文含义是A，见难句译注3。 sfNAGez
C. 彻底的，透彻的。 D. 潜在的，可能的。 +<I1@C
4. A. 深井（深层的源泉）。见难句译注3和第三句“深层的源泉是无意识思维，内中塞满了各种事实，观点，意识活动的情感。富有想象力的洞察力是一种无意识的活动，在杂乱的土壤中闪烁光辉，忽明忽暗，默默的探索模式和形式。最后，又是有意识的思维，通过意志……。”这里说明回溯过去是在深井阶段进行。 :hxZ2O?5_
B. 视觉，是在探索表现形式。 C. 杂乱的光亮和阴影，明面和暗面。 D. 有意识思维 K#{E87G(
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第三篇：2000年考研试题 ' C*NyHc
A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but(53C), if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War （定位 51 ） ， it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. （ 51C ） _E[{7 "3 }
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It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s （定位 52 ） Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics （定位 52A ） , had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars （定位 52D ） and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry （定位 52C ） was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors （定位 52B ） , which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. 7+u%]D!
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All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas. I_ .;nU1xA
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How things have changed! In 1995( 定位 54) the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle （ 54A ） . Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the HarvardBusinessSchool believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States. A?|cJ"N
51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________. cCV"(Oo[H|
[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal ?3z+|;t6C
[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before -{b1&
[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors ( 定位 + 特殊位置之末句有解 ) =\%>O7c,8Y
[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy （ C ） \
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52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________. （此题从答案看，是细节题，关键在对答案选项定位。） dju&Ku
[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market QT&{M
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[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises （时态错误） l *:p==
[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions （ D ） S~Hj.
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[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market （定位处有解） "&+0jfLY+
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53. What can be inferred from the passage? （这里 inferred 不是真正关键词，因为在原文中找不到与它相对应的词，但大家要清楚这种提问套路，很常见。这道题问文章主题，答案一般出现在首末两段。） X0$_KPn
注：文章主题、大意一般都会出现在首段首句、首段段内转、首段末句、末端末句等特殊的地方 uU\iji\
[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried. （具体事物非解） n|*V
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[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress. （段内转有解） t]o gn(
[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation. （具体事物非解，文中也没出现）（ B ） ]1[;A$7
[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development. ]/'] {*T1
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54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________. ,'673PR
[A] turning of the business cycle （定位处有解 + 特殊位置 Few 处有解） ]O\W<'+V
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[C] improved business management （ A ）
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[D] success in education
