2009同济考博英语阅读

Behaviors that we do not understand often become nearly invisible — even when, in retrospect, we see how truly strange they are.
When I was a psychiatric resident, we had a faculty member who was famous for his messy office: stacks of papers and old journals covered every chair and table as well as much of the floor. One day, as I walked past the open office door with one of my supervisors, he murmured mildly, “Odd duck.” And that was as far as anyone seemed to reflect on this peculiar state of affairs within an institution staffed by psychiatrists. Eventually, the faculty member had to be given another office in which to see patients.
Not surprisingly, the psychiatric diagnostic manual does not list “messy room” in the index. But it does mention a symptom: inability “to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value.” It comes under the diagnosis obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, an obscure cousin of the more famous obsessive-compulsive disorder.
I was barely aware of the diagnosis. Every era has mental disorders that for cultural of scientific reasons become popular. In Freud’s day it was hysteria. Currently, depression has moved to centre stage. But other ailments go relatively ignored, and this disorder was one.
It came with a list of additional symptoms that appeared to be peculiar bedfellow: anxiety about spending money, excessive devotion to work to the exclusion of leisure activities, rigidity about following rules, perfectionism in doing tasks-at times to the point of interfering with finishing them.
In moderation, the symptoms seemed to fit right in with our workaholic culture-perhaps explaining the low profile of the diagnosis. Relentless work orientation and perfectionism may even be assets in rule- and detail-oriented professions like accounting or law.
But when the symptoms are too intense or pervasive, they become crippling. Beneath seemingly adaptive behaviors lies a central disability. People with this diagnosis have enormous difficulty making decisions. They lack the internal sense of completion that most of us experience at the end of a choice or a task, even one as simple as throwing something out or making a purchase. In obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, this feeling occurs only after endless deliberation and revision, if at all.
The need to come up with the “correct” answer, the best purchase or the perfect proposal leads to excess rumination over each decision. It can even lead to complete paralysis. For such people, rules of all kinds are a godsend - they represent pre-made decisions. Open-ended assignments, like writing papers, are nightmares.
For such a patient or for a psychiatrist, understanding a cluster of diagnostic symptoms can be a revelation. The picture leaps out from the previously disorganized background. But undoubtedly, at times we can become too reductionistic, seeing patterns where none exist: sometimes a messy room is just a messy room.

21. Which of the following best describes people’s attitude towards the faculty member?
A) They disliked him, and that’s why he got his separate room to see patients.
B) They thought he is a little strange, but didn’t pay much attention to his behavior.
C) They were interested in his behavior, as they were all psychiatrists.
D) They thought he had some mental retardness.

22. The popular mental disorder of current time, according to the author, is ____.
A) hysteria B) depression
C) messiness D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

23. The reason why symptoms of the “obsessive-compulsive personality disorder” go unnoticed is that ____.
A) they are highly thought of in accounting or law
B) Some of the mild symptoms fit in with a workaholic culture
C) they have a low profile
D) they take a long time to become intense or pervasive

24. Rules are godsend to persons with the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder because ____.
A) they do not involve decision making
B) they are open-ended assignments
C) they lead to complete paralysis
D) they are made by others

25. From the last paragraph we can see that the author’s view is that ____.
A) a messy room is just a messy room
B) A messy room is an indication of the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
C) psychiatrists should pay attention to a messy room
D) psychiatrists should see patterns of seemingly disorganized behaviors, but shouldn’t be too reductionistic

答案：BBBAD
内容概述本文通过事例主要介绍了精神病的一些轻微症状和文化之间的联系。指出有些症状正是这个宣扬工作至上的文化的产物。
21.【参考译文】他们认为他的举止有点奇怪，但不是很在意。【试题分析】客观事实题【详细解答】选项A可以由文章第一及第二段得出。第一段指出了人们的态度，而第二段列出了具体事例。
22.【参考译文】抑郁症【试题分析】单词辨析题。【详细解答】答案在第四段，depression意思为抑郁，A）的意思是“歇斯底里”C）的意思是“乱七八糟”，D）的意思是强迫性神经官能症
23.【参考译文】一些轻微症状很适合当今工作至上的文化背景。【试题分析】事实分析题。【详细解答】见第六段第一句。
24.【参考译文】他们不用自己决定。【试题分析】客观事实题。【详细解答】见第八段第三句：对这些人来说，任何一种规则都是令人喜出望外的事务——因为它们代表决定已经做好了。
25.【参考译文】精神病医生应当从表面上混乱的行动中看出规律来，但也不能太简单化。【试题分析】事实分析题。【详细解答】见最后一段最后一句：有时候混乱的房间只是混乱的房间，我们不能太简单化。

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