English Entrance Examination for Non-English Major Doctoral Candidates o(5
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March 15, 2003 Y.8mgy>
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I. Listening Comprehension (20 point) b %I2ig
Section One B ? D|B
Directions: In this section, you will hear three short talks. At the end of each talk, you will hear some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre. _qhYG1t
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1. A. a disease B. a potential cure for AIDS 31}k
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C. immune system D. a patient suffering from AIDS t>%J3S>'ZV
2. A. High fever. B. Broken legs.
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C. Cancer. D. AIDS. ZIM 5$JdCv
3. A. Doctors don’t know what causes AIDS. *.Ceb%W7C
B. Doctors don’t like to treat patients with AIDS. FG5t\!dt<
C. AIDS attacks the immune system, turning good cells into bad ones. ~@bh[o~rF
D. AIDS patients refuse to receive any treatment offered by doctors. SiQszV.&
4. A. perfect. B. inadequate C. desirable D. inefficient )k|_ CW~
5. A. They might find it hard to live with him. qU,u(El
B. They might love him so much as to spoil him. [ !#<nY/C
C. They might expect too much from him. + %07J6
D. They might love him more than average parents do. 2Fsv_t&*>
6. A. The parents’ dream is nothing but a false illusion. [.NG~ cpb
B. The child will not look like their former child. r.b!3CoQ
C. The child will be spoiled. mVuZ}`
D. The child may fail to fulfill the parents’ dream. 0?
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7. A. The children’s interests are more important. Sq,x57-
B. The parents’ wishes should be respected. 11(:#4Y,
C. The reasons for cloning children are justified. |[}!E/7>b
D. There is a need to clone children. &z(E-w/S
8. A. They try them on first. F"<TV&xf
B. They put their right hand on them. t\$P*_
C. They just have a look. CQx#Xp>=s
D. They feel and touch them. yy%'9E ldc
9. A. The things are used by people very often. sox0:9Oqnf
B. People do not pay attention to the feel of things. MIJ^n(-G
C. People know how to use the things so they don’t need to feel them. Ej]:j8^W
D. The things are easy to feel but difficult to see. S3iXG
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10. A. Touching by Feeling 9=J+5V^qD<
B. To See or to Feel W5^m[,GU'
C. To See Better—Feel u2G{I?
D. Ways of Feeling With Your Feet OJGEX}3'
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Section B N%k6*FBp~
Part 1 '*~_!lE5
Directions: Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a presentation on Time Management. For questions 11-15, while you are listening, choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence by marking one letter A, B or C for the word or phrase you choose on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre. S}Q/CT?au
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11. The speaker wants to show you _______. 8tR(i[L
A. the harmful effects of stress KTm^0:V[Oy
B. how you can be more effective at work 2|KgRk|!
C. how to lead a balanced life <GbF4\ue
12. You can subject yourself to high levels of stress by ______. H<|ilL'fX
A. meeting other people’s demands on your time n\v;4ly^
B. traveling a lot =o@CCUKpj
C. regularly working very long hours 0@K?'6
13. Typically, stress is related to ______. \{Hb
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A. jobs with high salaries ZH:-.2*cj
B. long working hours D`?=]Ysz(
C. high levels of responsibility "%o,P/<X
14. One thing the speaker suggests you do is _____ in order to reduce your working hours. 0UJ%tPS
A. to delegate B. to update facilities D. to take a holiday B^;P:S<yG
15. To help you manage your time more effectively, the speaker suggests you start saying ______. 8
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A. “no” to other people CEwMPPYnD
B. “Yes” to other people kK27hfsw
C. “Sorry” to yourself TY(B]Q_o
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Part 2 =6XJr7Ay8u
Directions: Look at the five statements (16-20) for this part. You will hear an interview between a sales manager and an applicant for the position of advertising manager. Decide if each statement is correct according to the interview. If you think it is correct, mark letter A on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. If you think it is not correct, mark letter B on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre. 7,MDFO{n
16. The sales manager is satisfied with the present advertising firm. _GoV\wGKl
17. Miss Edison will be responsible to Mr. Grant for all advertising. q&/<~RC*
18. The company has never advertised on TV. P=.yXirm?
19. The company produces chairs. DChqcdx~~
20. The sales manager shows great interest in Miss Edison’s idea about TV advertising and very probably Miss Edison will get the job. S(B$[)(
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II. Reading Comprehension (25 points) #41xz
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Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 'qL:7
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The great advance in rocket theory 40 years ago showed that liquid-fuel rockets were far superior in every respect to the skyrocket with its weak solid fuel, the only kind of rocket then known. However, during, the last decade, large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels about as powerful as liquid fuels have made their appearance, and it is a favorite layman’s question to inquire which one is “better”. The question is meaningless; one might as well ask whether a gasoline or a diesel engine is “better”. It all depends on the purpose. A liquid-fuel rocket is complicated, but has the advantage tat it can be controlled beautifully. The burning of the rocket engine can be stopped completely it can be re-ignited when desired. In addition, the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the speed of the fuel pumps. A solid-fuel rocket, on the other hand, is rather simple in construction, though hard to build when a really large size is desired. But once you have a solid-fuel rocket, it is ready for action at very short notice. A liquid-fuel rocket has to be fueled first and cannot be held in readiness for very long after it has been fueled. However, once a solid-fuel rocket has been ignited, it will keep burning. It cannot be stopped and re-ignited whenever desired (it could conceivably be stopped and re-ignited after a pre-calculated time of burning has elapsed) and its thrust cannot be varied. Because a solid-fuel rocket can be kept ready for a long time, most military missiles employ solid fuels, but manned space flight needs the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuels. It may be added that a liquid-fuel rocket is an expensive device; a large solid-fuel rocket is, by comparison, cheap. But the solid fuel, pound per pound, costs about 10 times as much as the liquid fuel. So you have on the one hand, an expensive rocket with a cheep fuel and on the other hand a comparatively cheap rocket with an expensive fuel.
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21. The author feels that a comparison of liquid and solid-fuel rockets shows that ______. U$*AV<{%
A. neither type is very economical mH1T|UI
B. the liquid-fuel rocket is best 8#m,TOp
C. each type has certain advantages Oe)d|6=
D. the solid-fuel rocket is best ', WnT:
22. The most important consideration for manned space flight is that the rocker be ________. CPW^pGT+i
A. inexpensive to construct AiP#wK;
B. capable of lifting heavy spacecraft into orbit `D%U5Jb
C. inexpensive to operate V-{3)6I$hG
D. inexpensive to operate kB)u@`</mV
23. Solid fuel rockets are expensive to operate because of their _______. 8l1s]Kqr
A. size B. fuel J
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C. construction D. complicated engines _VUG!?_D$5
24. Which of the following statements is not characteristic of liquid-fuel rockets? P<%}!Y
A. The fuel is cheap. B. They are cheap to build. 4'+g/i1S
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C. They can be stopped and re-ignited. o7r7HmA@
D. They must be used soon after fueling. K7 J RCLA
25. The author tells us that ______. x5(6U>-Y
A. whether a liquid-fuel or a solid-fuel rocket is better depends on the purpose t/wo
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B. neither type is superior [.(,vn?6
C. forty years ago, large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels as powerful as liquid fuels were made gTS}'w{
D. the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the direction of the pump ;!+-fn4C
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Imagine an accident in which a nuclear power plant releases radioactive gas. The cloud starts moving with the wind. Clearly, the authorities will want to evacuate anyone in its path, but what is that path? Local wind information is meaningless without information about terrain; a mountain range or series of valleys can divert both wind and gas in unpredictable directions. ~.<QC<dN
To make “downwind” a useful term, scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have put the United States on a computer, the entire United States—every hill, every valley, every mile of seashore. Within minutes of a disaster, they can give meteorologists a context for weather data, and thus the ability to predict how toxic gases might spread. 0H+!v
The database for this computer map is a series of altitude measurements, made over many years by the Defense Department and the U.S. Geological Survey. They represent the height above sea level of over a billion separate points—a grid of points 200 feet apart, spanning the country. Armed with these data, plus a program that manipulates them, a Cray-1 computer can produce an image of any piece of terrain, seen from any angle, illuminated by an imaginary sun at any time of day placing the “observer” at any altitude from zero to 40,000 feet. =h@t#-Z"
“We use a technique called ray tracing,” says Patrick Weidhaas, one of the Livermore computer scientists who wrote the program. The computer is told where the observer is. The program traces an imaginary ray from there outward until it “intersects” with one of the points of altitude recorded in the machine’s memory. The computer then puts a dot of color at the proper place on the screen, and the program traces another ray. {E;oirv&
At its highest resolution of 2,000 horizontal and 1,700 vertical dots per picture, the computer has to trace several million rays, Even on the Cray, the most powerful computer in the world, this takes about a minute. Reducing the resolution to 400-800 (a TV screen has 800×700) speeds it up to about eight seconds. “We can’t produce a movie simulating flight on the screen in real time,” says Weidhaas. There is a way around the problem: Two movies have been made using still pictures generated by the computer as individual frames. “The results were impressive,” he says, “but it was cumbersome to do. At twenty-four frames per second, it takes fourteen hundred separate computer images to make a one-minute film.” Another limitation: The computer can access only enough memory to cove a 15-mile-square area. An “observer” high up will see blank spaces beyond those limits. z:ZXdB)L)
Weidhaas wants to add information about what overlies the terrain—cities, vegetation, roads, and so on. “Making the image as realistic as possible will make our advice more effective,” he says, “and might lead to uses we haven’t thought of yet.” Dr)jB*yK
26. As used in the first paragraph, thrrain most clearly means _______. lu?:1V-
A. available information about the weather 6U0BP
B. surrounding land area .k-t5d
C. blank spaces between the mountain ranges #De a$
D. amount of forest per square mile +lX Iv
27. Livermore’s computer map, in combination with weather reports, might be useful in predicting _____. X<D fzd oI
A. the path of toxic gases from a nuclear power plant explosion _o T+x%i
B. where incoming nuclear missiles might strike
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C. the average annual rainfall for North Dakota 6)PnzeYW
D. the amount of pollution in the air ' GUCXx
28. The information used by the computer to make its detailed maps _______. =axuL P))
I. was gathered by the Defense Department and the U.S. Geological Survey 25Ro
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II. shows points roughly 200 feet apart @uz(h'~
III. involves altitude measurements ?iZM.$![
A. I B. I and II C. I and III D. I, II and III gBO
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29. Which of the following is the best description of ray tracing? cMrO@=b;
A. The computer simulates rays of the sun, filling in areas of light and shadow. id9 XwWV
B. Lines radiate outward from the imagined observer and a dot of color is placed where the line intersects with one of the points of altitude in the machine’s memory. ULhXyItL
C. X-rays are used to trace the outline of the terrain through buildings and trees. UpPl-jeT
D. The exact movement of rays is used by private detectives to solve mysteries and locate missing persons. JeN]sK)8x
30. Information about cities, vegetation, and road overlying the terrain ______. O+|ipw*B%
A. has to be eliminated before correct readings can be obtained Eg&:yF}?(
B. would be impossible to convert to data that a computer would accept. !Eg2#a ?
C. might lead to new applications and improve effectiveness of present uses 6oq5CD oq
D. would make ray tracing obsolete ,6X__Z#rGT
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Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients—to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: The need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy. lU%oU&P/"S
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer? If he asks, should the doctor deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient’s own sake. In their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones. 5JEOLPS
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: “Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth’s sake, and that is, as far as possible ‘do no harm’.” Armed with such a precept a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will “do no harm” and may well help their patients. Cn{v\Q~.4
But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness. Lq$ig8V:O7
Not only do lies not provide the “help” hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception, they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health. OSfT\8YA
Lies also do harms to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”, and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession. ]l C2YD}
31. Who are most likely to lie for serving purposes? G'u
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A. physicians B. surgeons )-ojm$
C. psychiatrists D. lawyers mQ<4(qd)
32. Doctors think that lying to their patients is _______. O$;#GpR
A. a medical tradition B. to harm their own integrity %[5GG d5w
C. to defend medicine D. uttering the truth for truth’s sake + kT ]qH
33. Most patients think that being told the truth of their illness may ______. 1pg#@h[|t
A. slow down recovery B. lead to suicide in some cases =4'V}p
C. be too hard for them to accept D. help deal with illness $./aKJ1B
34. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the author? |pv$],&&:
A. Doctors are often in a dilemma as to tell the patient his real condition of health. :.-z!
B. Doctors’ reluctance to tell patient truth has no real support in reality. vb?.`B_>&
C. Doctors’ lies are different from that of lawyers and government officials. Xp9I3nd|
D. Doctors and patients hold different views about telling truth.
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35. What is the author’s attitude towards doctors? 7M4J{}9
A. sarcastic B. praising C. objective D. appreciative Su7N ?X!
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China today is home to 13 billion people—nearly one quarter of the world’s population. The growth of china’s population is largely the result of modernization, which has brought with it more food, better medical care, less disease, and fewer epidemics and famines. The death rate in China has decreased, and more children survive. The higher survival rate in China means that more people are entering childbearing age. This population growth was threatening to destroy China’s chances to become a richer country: just providing food and basic necessities for everyone would consume all of its economic gains. d{Jk:@.1
To tame the explosive population growth, the Chinese government launched a drastic policy of allowing one child per family. To enforce this policy, the government has a variety of incentives for those who comply and punishment for those who do not. For example, couples who have only one child get a monthly pay until the child is fourteen, special consideration for scarce housing, free medical care, and extra pension benefits. The pressure to conform is powerful. Couples who ignore the state’s directive suffer social disgrace and economic penalties. lct
The family-planning policy, instituted in China in 1979, has been remarkably effective (though considerably more so in cities than in the countryside). Births to women of childbearing age have fallen dramatically—to about 2.5 children for every woman. \QC{38}
China may eventually succeed in balancing its population growth, but in doing so, it is creating a new problem. The irony is that because of the very success of China’s population policy, the Chinese population is aging rapidly. In 1982, 5% of the population was over age 64. In 2010, about 9% will be over 64, and in 2050, 25% will be. At the family level, children without brothers or sisters will each have to care for two aging parents. At the national level, the great numbers of aging people will tax the society’s resources. China shares this problem—a rapidly aging population without a large enough following generation to support it—with many of the developed nations of the world. 5 ,-8oEUL
36. The primary purpose of this passage is to _______. aVHIU3
A. predict the population problem in China. z`t~N
B. explain why the family-planning policy is adopted in China cQuL9Xo
C. illustrate the result of family-planning policy GJZjQH-#P
D. demonstrate the cause and effect of the family-planning policy \Z3K ~
37. According to the passage, all of the following are the causes for the population explosion in China except ______. VqV [ @[P
A. better life B. decreased death rate oRSA&hSs
C. better education D. better health |@'O3KA
38. According to the passage, China is in a population dilemma in the sense that ______. QK+,63@D\=
A. it is difficult to carry out the family-planning policy vs=q<Uw)
B. Chinese population will continue to increase rapidly in the near future 5Y^"&h[
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C. birth-rate decreases but the percentage of old people increases {CI4AT!?W
D. more old people survive in the society f0sGE5
39. To punish those who violate the family-planning policy, the Chinese government does which of the following? Y2QX
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A. Put them into prison. B. Fine those couples. RYEZ'<
C. Reduce their wages. D. Advise them to observe the rule. 8!Wh`n<
40. All of the following can be inferred form the passage except that ______. #DFi-o&-
A. many developed nations suffer from the problem of a rapidly aging population 2=NaqHt(
B. the family-planning policy meets more difficulty in the countryside than in cities Y /_CPY
C. the increasing number of aged people is a result of the reduced birth-rate hA5')te<