中国人民大学 2007 年博士研究生入学考试试题
(非英语专业)
dI~{0)s Part I. Vocabulary (20 %) B4w/cIj_ Directions:Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) tocomplete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single baracross the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
W.?EjEx 1. Tom doesn’t think that the
situation here is as good as his hometown' s.
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A. economics
Z!I#Z2X B. economic
~[:C l C. economy
2(25IYMS8 D. economical
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2.
the increase in the number of computers in ouroffices, the amount of paper hat we need has risen as well.
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A. Along with
uex([;y B. Altogether
k.W1bF9n6 C. Although
C |P(,Xp D. All along
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3. The food was divided
according to the age and size of the child.
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A. equally
aa/_:V@$~ B. individually
j&Y{
CFuZ C. sufficiently
.Tc?PmN D. proportionally
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4. Our new firm
fora credible, aggressive individual with great skills to fill this position.
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A. have looked
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x B. are looking
}W5~89" C. is looking
j&"GE':Y D. look
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. hN
5. Plastic bags are useful for holding manykinds of food,
their cleanness, toughness and low cost.
IS%e5 IZ9*
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A. by virtue of
17yg ~ B. in addition to
DUyUA'*4n| C. for the sake of
>o!5)\F D. as opposed to
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6. He
himself bitterly for his miserable behaviorthat evening.
drh,=M\F xHWD1> *KDwl<^A
A. repealed
~uh,R-Q$ B. resented
y.?Q C. replayed
s^ K:cz D. reproached
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7. Many of the fads of the 1970s
as today' s latest fashions.
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^[A
A. are being revived
f4&k48Ds B. is revised
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C. are revoked
:hUt7/3c D. is being reviled
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8. All of the international delegatesattending the conference
tobring a souvenir from their own countries.
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A. has asked
+y|H#(wBP B. is asking
HD9+4~8 C. were asked
h/\/dp/tt D. was asking
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9. Britain hopes of a gold medal inthe Olympic Games suffered
yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualifyduring preliminary session.
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A. a severe set-back
j[\aGS7u B. sharp set-back
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C. a severe blown-up
/d]{ #,k D. sharp blown-up
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10. If you want to do well on the exam, you
on the directions that the professor gives andtake exact notes.
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A. will have concentrated
0@*EwI B. have to concentrate
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C. will be concentrated
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D. will be concentrating
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11. What
about that article in the newspaper was thatits writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore,cruel enough when facing that tragedy.
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A. worked me out
64h$sC0z/e B. knocked me out
*^b<CZd9 C. brought me up
q'~F6$kv5 D. put me forward
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12. Since his injury was serious, thedoctor suggested that he
in the game.
=
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A. did not play
C=|X]"*:u0 B. must not play
yJ!x`RD),w C. not play
BPkqC >w D. not to play
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13. According to the latest report,consumer confidence
a breathtaking 15 points last month, to itslowest level in ten years.
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A. soared
$IU|zda8 B. mutated
Sx^4Y\\ C. plummeted
onOvE Y|R D. fluctuated
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14. Our car trunk
with suitcases and we could hardly make roomfor anything.
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A. went cramming
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B. was crammed
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z,vxr
C. is cramming
OVE5:)$x D. was been crammed
9WH WO=,NQO
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15. The secretary didn't know who he was,or she
him more politely.
(.DX</f/4 qAF.i^ MSMgaw?
A. will be treating
h'_@ B. would have treated
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C. was treating
iq!u}# x_ D. would have been treated
/4f4H?A - -brn&1oJ 3~%wA(|A
16. The instructions on how to use the newmachine
that nobody seemed to be able to understand.
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A. were very simplistic
Po=@
6oB B. was very confused
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C. were so confusing
e uF@SS D. was so simplistic
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17. John played basketball in college and
active ever since.
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A. have extremely been
sKkk+-J4 B. has been extremely
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C. will be extremely
rdFeDZo&Z) D. should extremely be
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18. The
of the spring water attracts a lot of visitorsfrom all over the country.
aK%i=6j! p.gaw16}> -L&FguoVB
A. clash
qw!_/Z3[ B. clarify
i_? S#L]h C. clarity
QT5,_+ho D. clatter
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19.
the gift in beautiful green paper, Sarahdeparted for the party.
S
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A. Having wrapped
uqhNi!;
B. To wrap
5z8!Nmb
/ C. Wrap
IT3xX=|b D. Wrapping
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20. The advertisement for Super Sudsdetergent
that the sale has increased by 25% in thefirst quarter of the year.
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A. have been so successful
Y7{9C*> B. had been so successful
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C. has been so successful
SBBDlr^P D. will be so successful
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k~qN F d:A^] O.n pi: a
21. Tom and Alice
having a new car to replace their old one foryears.
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A. has been dreaming of
r Bv B. have been dreaming of
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C. has dreamed
<<@vy{*Hg D. will have dreamed
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T
22. When the air in a certain space issqueezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be
.
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A. commenced
a}3sG_(Y B. compressed
Las4ux[_ C. compromised
|A_yr/f D. compensated
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23.
theheavy pollution, the city officials have decided to cancel school for the day.
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A. Prior
.@#i
B. By means of
[\NyBc C. Due to
>#z*gCO5, D. Through
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24. Our boss is taking everyone to theballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress
7_ g}t!b` forthe occasion.
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A. has been cleaned
T69'ta32V B. should have been cleaned
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C. is being cleaned
:70cOt~Z D. has been cleaning
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t
25. Peter's mother kept telling him that
inthe street is dangerous, but he would not listen.
`i0RLGze
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A. played
yjZxD[
Z B. will play
:%qJ AjR& C. playing
-?n|kSHX D. been playing
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26. A knowledge of history
usto deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.
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A. equips
GYYk3\r B. provides
_
v\=ag C. offers
n
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27. He wouldn’t even think of wearingclothes;
they make him look so old!
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A. same
io^^f| B. despite
5
rkIK C. such
/qA\|'~ D. that
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28. Mary finally decided
all the junk she had kept in the garage.
Im
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A. get rid
U7(84k\j B. gotten rid of
b&X- &F C. getting rid of
q-O=Em <* D. to get rid of
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29. The team leader Of mountain climbersmarked out
.
>
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A. that seemed to be the best route
gnF]m0LR B. what seemed to be the best route
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C. which seemed to be the best route
!=M[u+- D. something that to be the best route
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30. Tom Jones, who
around the world, will come to Asia next month.
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A. will be touring
*T0{ yI B. have toured
O+hN?/>v C. had been touring
~ {OBRC D. has been touring
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31. The paint on the clown's face
that it scared the children he was trying toentertain.
dHjJLs_
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A. was so exaggeration
:s|" ZR B. were an exaggeration
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C. was such an exaggeration
\=3V]7\& D. was exaggerating
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32. Men often wait longer to get help formedical problems than women, and
,women live about six years longer than men on an average.
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A. instead of
hfzmv~* B. constantly
\/E+nn\) C. consequently
);X&J:-l+ D. because
>9F&x>~ a'3|EWS
? V}c3}'_U]
33. The
emphasis on exams is by far the worst form ofcompetition in schools.
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A. negligent
A{3VTe4TV B. edible
=QG@{?JTl C. fabulous
4KH8dau.fF D. disproportionate
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34. There is
conflicting information on how much iron womenneed in their diet.
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A. so much
uO=yQ& B. so many
_[J @w .l( C. too few
u`K)dH, D. a few
~8fy
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35. It must guarantee freedom ofexpression, to the end that all
to the flow of ideas shall be removed.
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A. prophecies
0#$<2
B. transactions
cOhx C. arguments
#RfNk;kaA D. hindrances
2kG(\+\ kMJf!%L ( OD;-0Bj
36. Not until the 1980s
inBeijing startto find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.
fv;3cxQp _BC%98:WP 0ZRIi70u
A. some concerned citizens
)R~l@QBN B. some concerning citizens
A(j9T,! moop.}O< (SH<]@s
C. did some concerning citizens
M/Twtq-`H D. did some concerned citizens
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37. After failing his mid-term exams,Jeremy was
face his parents.
9Q*T'+V /V>q(Q 1o
Z!Up0
A. too ashamed to
zw2qv' B. too embarrassing to
F]fBFDk *_qLLJg YA?46[:
C. very ashamed of
fN|'aq*Pd D. very embarrassing to
b23 5Zm 5LYzX+a) ;z Qrree#
38. My grandmother has been going to abetter dentist, so this
problems she is having with her dentures.
be->ofUYgs `!um)4 D_)i%k\
A. won' t eliminate
-wdd'G B. will be elimination
5`3Wua SJ%h.u@&@F gfPR3%EXs
C. should have been eliminated
R= co2 5 D. should help eliminate
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39. He told a story about his sister whowas in a sad
when she was iii and had no money.
.7`c(9< a3wk#mH
[S:{$4&
A. plight
k^i\<@v B. polarization
R2Y.s^ C. plague
a49xf^{1"i D. pigment
|z
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40. During her two-week stay in Beijing, Elizabethnever
a chrome(chance) to practice her Chinese.
K1oSoD8c `JZ`j7f R[bI4|t
A. passed by
>S[NI<=8S B. passed on
p| &9#?t4A C. passed out
Rch?@O#J D. passed up
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Part II. ReadingComprehension (30%) p
O O4fc Directions: Rend the following passages and then choose the best answer (fromA, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choicewith a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring AnswerSheet.
k@=w? m Passage1 c>)_ I British food has a good reputation, but English cooking has a badone. It is difficult to explain the reason for this. Unfortunately, however,superb raw ingredients are often mined from the kitchen so that they come tothe table without any of the natural flavor and goodness.
6)#=@i`
\ This bad reputation discourages a lot of people from eating in anEnglish restaurant. If they do go to one, they are usually full of prejudiceagainst the food. It is a pity, because there are excellent cooks in England,excellent restaurants, and excellent home-cooking. How, then, has the badreputation been built up?
#bZT&YE^ Perhaps one reason is that Britain' s Industrial Revolutionoccurred very early, in the middle of the nineteenth century. As a result, thequality of food changed too. This was because Britain stopped being a largelyagricultural country. The population of the towns increased enormously between1840 and 1870, and people could no longer grow their own food, or buy it freshfrom a farm. Huge quantities of food had to be taken to the towns, and a lot ofit lost its freshness on the way.
[39 This lack of freshness was disguised by "dressing up" thefood. The rich middle classes ate long elaborate meals which were cooked forthem by French chefs. French became, and has remained, the official language ofthe dining room. Out-of-season delicacies were served in spite of theirexpense, for there were a large number of extremely wealthy people who wantedto establish themselves socially. The "look" of the food was moreimportant than its taste.
0w9[Z In the 1930s, the supply of servant began to decrease. People stilltried to produce complicated dishes, however, but they economized on thepreparation time. The Second World War made things even worse by making rawingredients extremely scarce. As a result, there were many women who never hadthe opportunity to choose a piece of meat from a well-stocked butcher' s shop,but were content and grateful to accept anything that was offered to them.
vNIQ1x5Za Food rationing continued in Britain until the early 1950s. Itwas only after this had stopped, and butter, eggs and cream became moreplentiful, and it was possible to travel abroad again and taste other ways ofpreparing food, that the English difference to eating became replaced by a newenthusiasm for it.
T8US` MZ 41. According to the author, it isdifficult to explain
.
Qs
#7<NQ A. why excellent ingredients are spoiled in the process of cooking
Sf"]enwB B. why people do not like English cooking
2(s-8E:
C. why British food often has a natural flavor
Re]7G.y D. why people prefer home-cooking to ready made food
Cj3C%W 42. The negative effect of Britain's Industrial Revolution on English cooking is that
.
s F!nSr A. the population in the countryside decreased dramatically
>oasA2S B. people no longer grew their own food on their own farms
>21f%Z C. the freshness of food was lost on the way to the cities
>u/ T`$ D. Britainwas no longer an agricultural country
D)){"Q!b 43. As a result of the Industrial Revolution,
.
>j}.~$6dj_ A. more attention was given to the look of the food
J<27w3bs~p B. French became the official language in English restaurants
[~UCYYl C. a large number of extremely wealthy people ate in Frenchrestaurants
TBr@F|RXiO D. out-of-season delicacies became very expensive
2nkUvb%= 44. The Second World War worsened theproblem because
.
^R;rrn{^ A. there was an increasing demand for servants
v#`7,:: B. there was a lack of raw ingredient supply
A
.>L>uR C. many women refused to choose meat from butcher' s shops
s!eB8lkcT D. French chefs dominated English restaurants
%5rC`9^ 45. A new enthusiasm for eating emerged in Britain
.
JR^#NefJ A. when many women finally had the opportunity to purchase freshmeat from a well-stocked butcher's shop
j _p|>f<} B. when butter, eggs and cream became available
w\(;>e@ C. when people started traveling to other cities
x!^u$5c D. after the early 1950s
n"dYN3dE Passage2 Hy|
X>Z In his typically American open style of communication, Mr. Hayesconfronted Isabeta about not looking at him. Reluctantly, she explained why. Asa newcomer from Mexico,she had been taught to avoid eye contact as a mark of respect to authorityfigures, teachers, employers, parents. Mr. Hayes did not know this. He theninformed her that most Americans interpret lack of eye contact as disrespectand deviousness. Ultimately, he convinced Isabela to try and change her habit,which she slowly did.
C[IY9s:Pf People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbeancultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect. Many African Americans,especially from the South, observe this custom, too. A master's thesis by SamuelAvoian, a graduate student at Central Missouri State University, tells howmisinterpreting eye-contact customs can have a negative impact when whitefootball coaches recruit African American players for the teams.
J%SuiT$L&Y He reports that, when speaking, white communicators usually lookaway from the listener, only periodically glancing at them. They do theopposite when listening they are expected to look at the speaker all the time.
oJ`cefcWo Many African Americans communicate in an opposite way. Whenspeaking, they tend to constantly stare at the listener; when listening, theymostly look away. Therefore, if white sports recruiters are not informed aboutthese significant differences, they can be misled about interest andattentiveness when interviewing prospective African American ball players.
\Zbi`
;m? In multicultural America,issues of' Eye contact have brought about social conflicts of two differentkinds in many urban centers, non-Korean customers became angry when Koreanshopkeepers did not look at them directly. The customers translated the lack ofeye contact as a sign of disrespect, a habit blamed for contributing to theopen confrontation raking place between some Asians and African Americans in New York, Texas, and California. Manyteachers too have provided stories about classroom conflicts based on theirmisunderstanding Asian and Latin American children lack of eye contact as beingdisrespectful.
9aKt (g6 On the other hand, direct eye contact has now taken on a new meaningamong the younger generation and across ethnic borders. Particularly in urbancenters, when one teenager looks directly at another, this is considered aprovocation, sometimes called mad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict.
eA'1 Mad-dogging has become the source of many campus conflicts. In onehigh school, it resulted in a fight between Cambodian newcomers andAfrican-American students. The Cambodians had been staring at the otherstudents merely to learn how Americans behave, yet the others misinterpretedthe Cambodians' intentions and the fight began.
`S+B-I0 Mad-dogging seems to be connected with the avoidance of eye contactas a sign of respect. Thus, in the urban contemporary youth scene, if one looksdirectly at another, this disrespects, or "disses," that person. Muchlike the archaic phrase "I demand satisfaction," which became theoverture to a duel, mad-dogging may become a prelude to a physical encounter.
%K7wScz7 At the entrances to Universal Studio's "City Walk"attraction in Los Angeles,they have posted Code of Conduct signs. The second rule warns against"physically over bally threatening any person, fighting, annoying othersthrough noisy or boisterous activities or by unnecessary staring..."
-er8(snDQ 46. Many African Americans from the South
.
{-Q=Y DR A. adopt a typically American open style of communication
W &HF*Aw B. often misinterpret the meaning of eye contact
T2p;#)dP C. avoid eye contact as a sign of respect
zd-qQ.j0 D. are taught to avoid eye contact whenever telling to the others
Vb$4'K' 47. When listening to the others, whitecommunicators tend to
.
:$5$H d&apu{
B>XfsZS
A. look at the speaker all the time
GiGXV @dq B. glance at the speaker periodically
(>usa|| qrxn%#\XP 5*P+c(=
C. look away from the speaker
M#a1ev D. stare at the speaker
d@aPhzLu 7w?V0pLwn8 A1uo@W
48. Many customers in American cities areangry with Korean shopkeepers because
.
| g[iK1 A. Korean shopkeepers do not look at them directly
=/zb$d cz B. they expect a more enthusiastic reflection from the shopkeepers
H\!p%Y C. there are some social conflicts in many urban centers
fq,LXQ#G D. they are not informed about difference between cultures
2n|]&D3V"' 49. Mad-dogging refers to
.
@&fAR2 A. a provocation from one teenager to another of a different ethnicbackground
Q-7C'| B. physical conflict among the younger generation in urban centers
}{#ty uzAo C. a lack of eye contact as a sign of respect
vWpoaz/w D. the source of many campus conflicts across ethnic borders inurban centers
PTZ/jg@71 50. The archaic phrase, "I demandsatisfaction"
.
>.4mAO A. was connected with the avoidance of eye contact
!eE;MaS> B. often led to a fight
{.mPe| C. was a sign of disrespect
m?)REE D. often resulted in some kind of misinterpretation
yNc"E Passage3 '2X6>6`w When television is good, nothing--not the theatre, not themagazines, or newspapers--nothing is better. But when television is bad,nothing is worse. I invite you to sit down in front of your television set whenyour station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine,newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep your eyes glued to thatset until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vastwasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence, audienceparticipation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families,blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western bad men,Western good men, private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons.And endlessly, commercials that scream and offend. And most of all, boredom.True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, veryfew. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.
DITo.PU Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, tostretch, to enlarge the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programsto deepen the children's understanding of children in other lands7 Is there noroom for a children's news show explaining something about the world for themat their level of understanding? Is there no room for reading the greatliterature of the past, teaching them the great traditions of freedom? Thereare some fine children's shows, but they are drowned out in the massive dosesof cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Searchyour conscience and see whether you cannot offer more to your young childrenwhose future you guard so many hours each and every day.
HmQ.' There are many people in this great country, and you must serve allof us. You will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice betweena Western and a symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westernsand private eyes, too, but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously notin the public interest. We all know that people would more often prefer to beentertained than stimulated or informed. But your obligations are not satisfiedif you look only to popularity as a test of what to broadcast. You are not onlyin show business; you are free to communicate ideas as well as to giverelaxation. You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, morealternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nation's whims--you must alsoserve the nation' s needs. The people own the air. They own it as much in primeevening time as they do at six o' clock in the morning. For every hour that thepeople give you--you owe them something. I intend to see that your debt is paidwith service.
&'KJh+jJ
51. What the author advises us to-do is to
Z(c3GmY A. read a book while watching television programs
.
MFzJ 8^.1R B. observe a vast wasteland on television
OPe3p {] C. watch all the programs of our television station
lNRGlTD% D. find out why television is good
P#o"T4 > 52. What seems to have offended the authormost on television is
.
Ql8s7 % ky#5G-X 0s'h2={iI
A. violence
X"Ca B. commercials
Q}6!t$Vk C. Westerns
oqUF_kh
D. private eyes
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53. As far as children are concerned, theauthor's chief complaint is that
.
0(|Yy/Yq A. cartoons and violence have become trademarks
)sZJH9[K B. there is no children's news show on television
;Y9-0W C. there is no reading of great literature for children
L'L[Vpx D. there are not enough good television programs for children
}5]2tH${ 54. According to the author, it is in thepublic interest to
.
{$xt
.< A. broadcast only popular television programs
+oev NM B. cater for the needs of all the people
q/#pol C. broadcast both Westerns and symphonies
YG_|L[/# D. entertain people only
d+o.J",E 55. It is the obligation of televisionbusiness to
.
H ]z83:Z A. cater to the nation's whims
L.?QZN%cN B. provide best programs in prime evening free
fW=vN0Z C. broadcast news programs, at six in the morning
w<&R|= 93 D. serve the nation's needs all the time
~YRG9TK Passage4 :Xi&H.k)p Some of my classmates in the same dorm established a chatting groupon the Net when broadband was available on campus. Then everyone faced theirown laptops and talked to each other by sending messages in the chatting groupin the same room. Their dorm was silent the whole night The only sound camefrom tapping the keyboard. Before they went to bed that night, all of themsighed and said, "that's ridiculous."
|R&cQKaQ` Information Technology brings about revolutionary changes to humancommunication. The Internet makes the world global village; that is to say, wecan get in touch with each other swiftly regardless of one's location. However,does the convenience in communication mean that we are actually getting closer?I don't think so. As the anecdote above shows, access to broadband made myfellow classmates fall in silence. The Cambridge International Dictionarydefines "communication" as "various methods of sendinginformation between people and places," while it defines"communicate" as "to be able to understand each other and have asatisfactory relationship." Therefore, the booming of IT in modem societyis only the booming of communication. Exchanging ideas and mutual understandingbetween people do not base on such booming. On the contrary, due to therevolutionary changes, we're getting farther from each other to some extent.
H@!]5 <:9 Mutual understanding is based on expression. However, expressiondoesn't necessarily lead to soul touching communication and understanding. Whenwe waffle with a mere acquaintance, we normally conceal our true feelings.Thus, we don' t establish communication with him, because we do not need him tounderstand us. The era of cyberspace further demonstrates such separation ofform and content
10d.&vNw The Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to speak and expressourselves. With the prosperity of blog, there are, according to recentstatistics, about 400,000 bloggers in China today. Bloggers expressthemselves on the Net at their will, while others read their blog and givecomments once for a while. It seems that blog can make us touch upon thebloggers' inside world, and make us know them better. However, things are notalways that perfect.
/*2)|2w Many netizens are abusing their right of free expression. Once youopen the Explorer and browse a website, trash information about sex andviolence hits our eyes. People scold and flirt in the chatroom and BulletinBoard System (BBS). When blog comes into being, netizens even transfer suchvulgarity into their personal spaces, and show it to the public.
K1$
In the era of the Information Technology boom, the farthest distanceon earth is no longer the polar distance. The negative impacts brought about bycyberspace have imposed an unfilled gulf between souls. Since we cannotcommunicate to each other like before, the distance between people's hearts hasbecome the farthest distance on earth.
vzFo" 56. The most ridiculous part of theanecdote is that
.
alH6~ A. there was a dead silence in the dorm room the whole night
Dbu>rESz B. the only sound came from tapping the keyboard
PH$C."Vv C. those living in the same room communicated by sending messagesvia the Net
VVJIJ9L&C D. they all faced their own laptops
H<9_BA? 57. According to the author, InformationTechnology
.
5=&ME(fmV A. brings people closer to each other
+"1fr
B. results in silence among her fellow classmates
-v! ; C. enables us to reach anyone swiftly
6Ts[NXa D. helps to make the world a global village
<? F-v 58. The author believes that the booming ofIT in modern society
.
^r~O* A. encourages the exchange of ideas and the mutual understandingbetween people
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B. leads to soul touching communication and understanding
vnWt8?)]^ C. helps to establish a satisfactory relationship
#(QS5J&Qq D. results in further separation between people
NL,6<ZOon, 59. The prosperity of blog does not help usto touch each other because
.
xR8y"CpE A. many people abuse their right of free expression on the Net
B@v
(ZY B. vulgarity has been transferred into bloggers' personal spaces
9k\M<jA C. bloggers express themselves on the Net at their will
$xCJ5M4 D. anyone is able to read blog and give comments
X.sOZb?$ 60. The author believes that in the era ofthe Information Technology boom the distance between people' s hearts hasbecome the farthest distance on earth because
.
x2TE[#>< A. there is always a silence
&kcmkRRG B. people arc not able to communicate to each other tike before
#"8'y C. the Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to express can,selves
fR?'HsQg D. people can scold and flirt in the chat room at will
Ii#+JY0k Passage5 B2Rpd &[ According to a recent publication of the Equal EmploymentOpportunity Commission, at the present rate of progress, it will takeforty-three years to end job discrimination--hardly a reasonable timetable.
3xN_z?Rg If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity, it isthen we need affirmative action to catch up. We are behind as a result ofdiscrimination and denial of opportunity. There is one white attorney for every680 whites, but only one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks; one whitephysician for every 659 whites, but only one black physician for every 5,000blacks; and one white dentist for every 1,900 whites, but only one blackdentist for every 8,400 blacks. Less than ! percent of all engineers or-of allpracticing chemists is black. Cruel and uncompassionate injustice created gapslike these. We need creative justice and compassion to help us close them.
?9%$g?3Z Actually, in the U.S.context, "reverse discrimination" is illogical and a contradiction interms. Never in the history of mankindhas a majority, with power, engaged in programs and written laws thatdiscriminate against itself. The only thing whites are giving up because ofaffirmative action is unfair advantage something that was unnecessary in thefirst place.
#l h'
! Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, as newsaccounts make it seem. There are 49 percent more whites in medical school todayand 64 percent more whites in law school than there were when affirmative actionprograms began some eight years ago.
l[i1,4 In a recent column, William Raspberry raised an interestingquestion. Commenting on the Bakke case, he asked, "What if, instead ofsetting aside 16 of 100 slots, we added 16 slots to the 1007" That, hesuggested, would not interfere with what whites already have. He then went onto point out that this, in fact, is exactly what has happened in law andmedical schools. In 1968, the year before affirmative action programs began toget under way, 9, 571 whites and 282 members of minority groups entered U.S. medicalschools. In 1976, the figures were 14,213 and 1,400 respectively. Thus, underaffirmative action, the number of "white places" actually rose by 49percent; white access to medical training was not diminished, but substantiallyincreased. The trend was even more marked in Jaw schools. In 1969, the firstyear for which reliable figures are available, 2,933 minority-group memberswere enrolled; in 1976, the number was up to 8,484. But during the same period,law school enrollment for whites rose from 65,453 to 107,064 an increase of 64percent. In short, it is a myth that blacks are making progress at whiteexpense.
_DAqL@5n Allan Bakke did not really challenge preferential treatment ingeneral, for he made no challenge to the preferential treatment accorded to thechildren of the rich, the alumni and the faculty or to athletes or the verytalented only to minorities.
c>3j$D+ 61. The author is for affirmative action
.
>6Jz=N, A. because there is discrimination and denial of opportunity in the U.S.
Rn`DUYg B. if we aim at educational and economic equity and parity
4 L
5$=V C. because it will take 43 years to end job discrimination
| #b/EA9 D. when there is no reasonable timetable in the U.S.
r&ys?@+G 62. It requires
to close the gaps between the whites and theblacks in the U.S.
>3*a&_cI=k C4GkFD
:Gzp
(@<@e
A. one black attorney for ever 4000 blacks
^x$1Nf B. a lot more black engineers and chemists
8Q"1I7U >^IUS8v j<6+p
r
C. education and economic development
u%6b|M@P D. creative justice and compassion
;JMmr-@ fdHFSnQ g \j-:5M#m
63. Blacks are not making progress at theexpense of whites, according to the author, because
.
B&B