2001年医学考博统考英语真题

2001
part = 3 \* ROMAN III vocabulary(15%)
1.we are all overwhelmed with more factsand information than we can possibly____
A.feed    B.maintain    C.absorb   D.consume
2.pleasure,or joy, isvital to ____health. vital.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的
A.optimisticpessimistic悲观的
B.optional可选择的, 随意的
C.optimal 最佳的, 最理想的near optimal近似最佳
D.operational
3.A ____ effort is required to achievehealth.
A.committed 承担义务的；忠于既定立场的；坚定的
B.restricted
C.composed镇静的, 沉着的
D.sophisticated诡辩的, 久经世故的
4.A person’s belief ____ and colors his experience.
A.contradicts vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradict a statement驳斥一项声明contradict oneself自相矛盾
B.shapes shape the destiny of决定...的命运
C.summarizes概述, 总结, 摘要而言
D.exchanges交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易. exchange experience交流经验
5.Many professors encourage students toquestion and ____ their idears
A.conveyvt.搬运, 传达, 转让I can't convey my feelings inwords.我的情感难以言表。
The ambassador personallyconveyed the president's message to the premier.大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候。
B.voice vt.表达, 吐露He voiced the feelings of the crowd.他表达出群众的情绪。
C.challengebeyond challenge无与伦比, 无可非议
D.conform遵守，符合（to，with）conform to the customs of society遵守社会习俗conform with the regulations遵守规章
6.You are healthy when are ____ your outerand inner environments.
A.in relation toadv.关于, 涉及, 与…相比
B.with regard toadv.关于
C.in contrast with和...形成对比［对照］
D.in harmony with与…协调,
7. Good health is a spirited____ of energy ,smooth skin,strong,supple柔软的 limbs,and a positive joy in life.spirited .英勇的high-spirited兴奋的low-spirited沮丧的
A.texture(织品的)质地, (木材, 岩石等的)纹理, (皮肤)肌理, (文艺作品)结构
B.mix
C.burst
D.peakn.山顶, 顶点, 最高峰adj.最高的vi.到达最高点, 消瘦, 缩小vt.使竖起, 使达到最高点peak and pine消瘦, 憔悴
8.The ____of emotional and psychiatricdisorders that can prompt person to seek therapy is wide.
A.formula n.公式, 规则, 客套语
B.coverage范围
C.interval间隔, 距离, at long intervals偶而, 间或at regular intervals每隔一定时间; 每隔一定距离at short intervals常常
D.spectrum范围, 领域, 系列the whole spectrum of industry整个工业领域
9.Work is a ____ of satisfaction.
A.measur B.terminal
C.source the sourceof knowledge知识的源泉human and non-human sources人力物力资源
D.resource 资源
10.If you ____ a heart-attack or stroke victim who needsyour assistance,your first response should be to stay calm andurge催促, 力劝bystanders旁观者to call for an ambulance.
A.find out找出, 发现, 查明(真相等), 认识到, 想出, 揭发
B.go into 进入, 加入, 探究, 变得
C.pass by经过, 掠过
D.come across来到, 偶遇,不期而遇,交付
11.Today people still don’t make healtha(n) ____ because they have no time.
A.privilege特权, 特别待遇the privilege of parliament议会[议员]的特权
B.issue
C.principle n.法则, 原则, 原理
D.priorityn.先, 前, 优先, 优先权You must give this matterpriority.你必须优先处理此事。
12.Mental exercise can favorably ____ the structure ofthe brain just as physical exercise can change one’s bodily proportions.
A.modify vt.更改, 修改v.修改modify the terms of a contract修正合同条款
B.adjustvt.调整, 调节, 校准, 使适合
C.develop
D.contrast
13.The distinctions between the differentschools and approaches are often very____
A.subtle狡猾的, 敏感的, 微妙的, 精细的, 稀薄的
B.sufficient充分的, 足够的
C.superficial.表面的, 肤浅的, 浅薄的
D.superior较高的, 上级的,出众的, 高傲的This machine is superior in manyrespects to that.机器在很多方面比那台好。
14.Despite the limitations of a standard CT,it does a ____job of picture the internal anatomy of the body.
A.supremeadj.极度的, 极大的, 至高的, 最高的supreme courage最大的勇气supremegood至善
B.superb,极好的Mountain scenery is superb.山景是壮观的。
C.sufficient adj.充分的, 足够的
D.superfluousadj.多余的, 过剩的, 过量的a superfluous remark多余的话
15.The city government is getting itsresidents to properly ____ theirgarbage.
A.break up v.打碎, 破碎, 分裂, 结束, 衰落, 分解, 变坏, 驱散
B.dispose of v.处理, 安排, 转让, 解决, 卖掉, 吃光, 除掉
C.check out v.付帐后离开, ,检验, 合格, 及格
D.hand out v.把...拿出来, 分发, 施舍
Part B同意替换
16. The recent deterioration in theeconomy is of great concern to the government.
A.depression
B.deficiencyn.缺乏, 不足
C.degenerationn.恶化Her health degenerates rapidly.她的健康状况迅速恶化。
D.deformityn.残缺, 畸形, 残废, 畸形的人或物
17.A substantial hike in the top rate of income taxwould not solve this problem but merely aggravate the nation’s already waningsupport. (月亮)渐亏的, 逐渐减弱或变小的; 月亏
A.depreciating v.折旧, (使)贬值, 降低, 贬低, 轻视
B.warning
C.declining adj.倾斜的, 衰退中的
D.startlingl adj.令人吃惊的
18.He was not conspicuously hairy norshiny-bald,but his hair was graying and receding tactfully in keeping with hisage. conspicuously显著地, 超群地hairy .多毛的, 毛似的
A.prominently.显著地
B.warily留心地, 小心地, 警惕地be wary of留意; 谨防
C.consciously有意识地, 自觉地
D.conventionally按照惯例, 照常套, 照老例
19.The water companyis obliged to不得不maintain a supply of wholesomewater
A.available
B.hydraulic.水力的, 水压的feeble hydraulic弱水力的
C.balanced
D.hygienic.卫生学的, 卫生的
20.Smoking makes one six times more likely to get oralcancer partly because the smoke constantly assaults the tissues thatline the mouth and throat.
A.detectsvt.察觉, 发觉, 侦查, 探测v.发现
B.contaminates
C.occupies
D.attacks
21.Most organisms must fit in with theirsurroundings because their skills to alter their environment are restricted andhighly specialized.fit in with v.适合, 符合, 适应
A.attach themselves tov.使依恋, 把...放在
B.succumb to屈服于
C.lean onv.靠着
D.adapt themselves to适合
22.Instead of being recycled,garbage is left toaccumulate in insanitary heaps which attract flies and spread infectiousdiseases.
A.innocuous 无害的, 无毒的, an innocuous drug无毒的药品
B.gathering
C.filthy不洁的, 污秽的, 丑恶的
D.inflammable.易燃的, 易怒的
23.The prevalence of highly intelligent devices haselininated the handicaps associated with most disabilities
A.disadvantages n.不利, 不利条件, 缺点, 劣势disadvantaged adj.贫穷的,处于不利地位的
B.dispositions布置, 配置, 安排; 部署;处理, 处置; 支配; 处理权;性情, 素质; 脾气;倾向, 意向
C.disappointment
D.discomforts
24.In general,lasers operate by creating an intenseamount of light and energy which is then converted into heat and used tocontrol bleeding or destroy diseased tissue.
A.developed
B.reduced
C.transformed
D.decoded vt.解码, 译解
25.Shyness,the most common form of social anxiety,occurswhen a person’s apprehensions 忧虑;理解力are so great that theyinhibit his making an expected or desired social response.
A.discharge卸下
B.trigger vt.引发, 引起, 触发n.板机
C.restrain vt.抑制, 制止
D.defer vi.推迟, 延期, 听从, 服从vt.使推迟, 使延期
26.The secret to turning a daily stroll intoa meaningful form of exercise is to pick up the pace.
pick up掘地, 捡起, 获得, 使恢复精神, 加快, 看到, 随便地认识, 加速
A.dilate vi.扩大, 详述, 膨胀vt.使扩大, 使膨胀
B.multiplyv.繁殖, 乘, 增加
C.accelerate
D.enlarge
27.How many people know that the term”arthritis” may referto dozens of defferent types of joint involvement? arthritis n.关节炎
A.disorder
B.knuckle n.指节, 关节
C.dislocation n.混乱, 断层, 脱臼
D.therapy
28.Amokers are more prone to osteoporosis,a majorcause of fractures in old people,particularly post-menopause women.
A.reliable adj.可靠的, 可信赖的
B.liablebe liable to (do sth.)易于(得病等); 有(做某事的)习惯或倾向有义务(做某事)beliable to (sth.)易遭; 易犯(疾病)
C.reasonable
D.compatible谐调的, 一致的, 兼容的be compatible with与...相适应，不矛盾，一致，相似
29.The project was hampered by aconstant stream of visitors.
A.held up举起, 支撑, 继续下去, 阻挡, 拦截
B.cut off v.切断, 断绝, 剥夺继承权
C.carried out v.完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行
D.given up v.放弃(念头、希望等), 停止, 抛弃, 认输, 把...送交, <口>对...绝望(=give up)
30.During the summersession there will be arevised schedule of services for the university community. the summer session夏季学期
A.term
B.climate
C.heat
D.portion

Part =4 \* ROMAN IV cloze (15%)
Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown tothe scholars of the classical andmedieval worlds,whileduring the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly 无庸置疑地meant reading aloud.Only during the nineteenth century 31did silentreading become commonplace.
  One should be 32wary,however,of assuming that silent reading came about 33because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to 涉及the historicaldevelopment of silent reading reveals that it became the usual34mode of reading for most adultreading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
  The last century 35saw asteady gradual increase in literacy有文化, and thus in thenumber of readers,As readers increased,so the number of potential listenersdeclined and36thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud.As reading for the benefit of为...的利益listeners grew less common,37socame the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places aslibraries,railway carriages ans offices,38wherereading aloud would causedistraction to other reders.
  Towards the end of the century there wasstill considerable argument over whether books should be used for informationor treated respectfully, and39over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in 40any way mentally weakening.Indeedthis argument remains with us still in education. However,41whatever its virtues,the oldshared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media大众传媒 on the one hand andby books and periodicals for a specialized readership读者的身分42 on the other hand.
Bythe end of the century students were being recommended to 43 adapt attitudes to books and touse skills in reading them which were inappropriate,44though not impossible ,for the oral reader.The social,cultural,andtechnological changes in the century had greatly altered 45what the term“ reading” implied.
31.A. would B.should C.did D.could
32.A.warybe wary of留意; 谨防 B.aware C.sick D.thought
33.A.correctly B.somply C.amply D.directly
34.A.mode方式    B.model样式 C.mould模俱 D.mood
35.A.saw经历   B.watched C.experienced D.concluded
36.A.ever B.thus C.even  D.for
37 .A. however B. as C. so D.since
38.A.which B.whose C.where D.there
39.A.of B.in C.against D.over
40.A.noB. anyin any wayadv.以任何方式C.one D.some
41.A. whever B.whoever C.whatever D.whichever
42.A.onthe other B.in the secind place C.on the contrary D.in hand
43.A.adapt B.adopt C.consume D.condemn
44.A.whether B.though C.if D.unless
45.A.that B.what C.how D.why
Part = 5 \* ROMAN V
passage one
During the past30 years or so,health care 卫生保健has increasing become a form of business.Inaddition另外,the environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered bythe advent of …的到来more sophisticatedmedical technologies and increased specialization专业化.It is no longer trueto say that all doctors regard their profession as a sacredcalling神圣的职业,and while the doctor-patient relationship still remains,it is notthe relationship based solely on trust which it used to be. Of course there aremany doctors who have endevored to increase the transparency透明度of their behavior as medical professionals,and patients can receive effectivetreatment when such doctors work closely together and share notes.
An example ofsuch cooperation can be found in the field ofremote healthcare,which has been introduced on an experimental basis in several regions.Since most medical specialists live in cities,patients who live in the countryhave to travel a long distance to consult a specialist.This is especially hardon the elderly, both financially and physically.Through a computernetwork,patients who live in the country can consult请教a medical specialist in the city,tell him their symptoms,and receive advicewithout the need for a journey to the specialist’s office. Also,with severaldoctors being assigned to a single patient,the transparency透明度of each doctor’s behavior is further ensured. be assigned to a new post被派到新的工作岗位
On the otherhand,however,it is also true that remote health consultation is not generallyregarded as a form of medical treatment.For any sort of consultation to beregarded as medical treatment,most people feel that the patient must actuallyvisit the doctor,and undergo an examination by the doctorin person亲自.Remote health care isessentially a means for doctors to work as a team.In order for this to bepracticable,it is important to establish a system whereby由此financialsupport can be extended to a doctor who,as a member of a medical team,providesonly information. Establishment of such a system will further advance the cause目标 of “free access自由存取to information” in the health care field.
46.Where is the best title for the passage?
A.Doctors:Patients’ Reliable Friends
B.Health Care in a Dilema
C.Information TechnologyApplied to Medical Services
D.Doctors-patient Relationship
47.As a result of the altered environmentsurrounding health care,medical practice____
A.has experienced greatchanges
B.has changed its nature
C.has abolished the doctor-patient relationship
D.has lost its trust on the part of doctors and patients
48.When they work closely together andshare notes, doctors can ____
A.work in a remote area
B.transparentize theirbehavior
C.set up a relationship with patients
D.treat financially and physically disadvantaged patients
49.The writer urges that ____
A.remote health care be implemented
B.doctors be sent to the country
C.people turn down trational medical treatment
D.a system offering doctor’sfinancial aid财政援助 be set up
50.It can be concluded that ____
A.information will play animportant part in the field of medical treatment
B.medical professionals will be more specialized
C.the difference between cities and the country will never beeliminated
D.it is impossible for patients to be treated without seeing doctorsthemselves
passage 2
Formonths Gins Cruz,a Manila grandmother,played PepsiCola’s 百事可乐“Numbers Fever” promotion lottery抽彩给奖法,buying several bottoles a day and saving the caps ,in the hope thatone of the numbers imprinted inside them would win her a 1 million peso (＄40,000) prize.When the magicnumber,349,was announced in May 1992,Cruz was overjoyed狂喜的tofind she has not one,but two caps bearing the winning digits.She promptlyfainted.“My blood pressureshot up,”she explained later,“probably from drinking too much Pepsi.”Then she learned that her son also had a 349 cap---and she nearlycollapsed again.
  Cruz’s indignation愤慨, 义愤after discovering the next day that she was not,after all,adouble millionaire, is shared by thousands of contests who feel equallycheated. Instead of marking out 18 winning numbers,on which Pepsi had planned,acomputer had wrontgly generated 800,000.The cmpany explained that it simply didnot have the＄32 billion it would take to pay all claimants.The real winners,itsaid,would be identified by asecurity codes安全码that had been placed on caps;the losers were offered apologies.
When Pepsi’s explanationwas not accepted ,a promotion that initially boosted the company’s market shareby 5% turned into a mightmare.The winners felt like losers of a second,surpriselottery:the security code had been publicized as anauthentication证明, 鉴定 tool,not as a necessary second winning number.Feeling hoodwinked蒙蔽,the players have banded together结合起来 in protestgroups,fanning anti-Pepsi flames at frequent demonstrations and marches. More than 22,000people holding the 349 number have filed提出 689 civil suits 民事诉讼seekingdamages赔偿金,as well as 5,200 criminal complaints alleging fraud and deception.SomePepsi employees have received death threats and now change their daily routinesto avoid being attacked.Explosives have been thrown at Pepsi plants and offices,and37 of the companby’s delivery trucks have been stoned,overturned orset on fire焚烧.In the worst incident,aschool-teacher and a five-year-old girl were killed last February when agrenade pitched at a Pepsi truck bounced off and exploded in front of a store.
51.The lottery winners expected to ____
A.gain ＄ 400.000
B.earn 800,000 peso
C.win a substantial prize
D.become double millionaires
52.The lottery turned into a nightmare when____
A.the number of winners was miscalculated by a computer
B.the winners discovered that they had the wrong number
C.the company chganged the winning number to avoid cheating
D.the company failed topay che winners the prize the deserved
53.What did the angry winners do when theyfelt they were cheated by Pepsi?
A. they resorted to lawfor help
B.they attacked Pepsi employers
C.they robbed Pepsi vegicles and stores
D.they killed the customers of Pepsi Cola
54.It can be inferred from the passage thatPepsi lost ____ in the pomotion lottery.
A.5% of its annual profits
B.its market verseas
C.its good reputation at home
D.the trust of some of itscustomers
passage 3
Young discoverers need not despair---though there are few blanksleft on today’s map of the world,there are still unexplored realms to becharted in the depths of the oceans,the most remoterecesses of在...的最远处the rain forests and the furthest reaches of outer space太空.Some scientists speculate there may be10 million species---perhaps even 100 million----living on the ocean floor thatare yet to be discovered.Recent research suggests that all told some 90% of theworld’s plants and animals still remain to be described and named (that is ,iftheir habits are not destroyed before they are even found).Given theseremarkable statistics,it’s clear that the physical world still offers intrepid无畏的explorers new frontiersof discovery.
In this section on recent discovers of the world around us,TIME travels 500m beneath the surface of the Pacific Ocean withBruce Robison as he encounters a new species of luminous“jelly,”we make our way deep into the worls’s tropical rain forests,where morethan half of all life-forms on the planet live;we look into outer space toexamine the role asteroids may have played in mass extinctions of the past andthe potential threat they pose to our own civilization;and we ask whether thereis life ---intelligent of otherwise智能的或其他方面的---elsewhere in the universe.
John Hemming,former director of London’s royal GeographicalSociety,arguably the world’s epicenter中心of exploration,definesan explorer as someone “who goes to the edge of knowledge and brings backsomething new.” The people profiled 被简要描述的in this section fitthat description perfectly. The discoveries they have brought back from theirexplorations form new pieces in the puzzle of how the world works.As the piecesfit together,we get a glimpse of what a strange and beautiful mosaic 镶嵌图案 it is.
55.What is implied in Paragraph 1 of thispassage?
A.Each new discovery offers young explorers new hope
B.All plants and animals must be found before their habitats aredestroyed
C.Scientists have found more than 100 million species on the earth
D.These is still much foryoung discoverers to explore in the world
56.The word “intrepid” in Paragraph 1 mostlikely means ____
A.marine
B.professional
C.couageous
D.experienced
57.What new disvovery is probably presentedin the section that follows this passage?
A.A rare species of plantin the rain forests
B.a primitive form of life on a remote planet
C.a technique of developing steroids
D.A laboratory approach f cultivating marine lives
58.The last paragraph tell us____
A.what an explorer does
B.why exploration are carried out
C.how scientists study the universe
D.the effects of scientific discoveries on man
passage 4
“Backin the Victorian era,seven out of tenulcer sufferers溃疡受害者were women. By the 1950s ,the trend had reversed,nine of ten weremen.Now,the trend is shifting back,ulcer cases are only four times as frequentamong men.This may be a consequence of the changing roles of women in the labormarket, ”writes Philip Goldberg in ExecutiveHealth.
Ulcer have long been linked to stress and particular kind offrustration that stems from dissatisfaction with one’s work performance or one’slife.Digestive enzymes gnaw away咬去atthe stomachlining内层,causingpainful sores,or ulcers,which are found mainly in the lining of the stomach orthe small intestine.The acids which cause ulcers are triggered by thevagus nerve迷走神经,which is linked tothe brain,Under stress,the brain may stimulate the release of a hormone called gastrin胃泌激素, which ,in turn依次,stimulatesthe acidsecretions.“Althoughthere is no clear-cut轮廓鲜明的ulcer personality,there is no doubt that emotionaltension情绪紧张,acting through the vagus nerve,can precipitate 促成anulcer.A person who is under constant strain持续的压力,who isanxious,worried,frustrated---regardless of his or her station身份in life or apparent demeanor风度---is moreapt to developan ulcer, ”writes JaneBroky in her guide to personal health,adding,“Seemingly calm,relaxed people are as proneto ulcers as the hard-driving,high-pressure高度紧张kind.Ulcers occur as often in bus drivers,farmers,and constructionworkers as in business executives and writers with deadlines.It is not theexistence of stress,but how a person reacts to stress,that seems to make thedifference.”
Some women appear to “inherit” ulcers but they also can be caused byaspirin, alcohol, coffee, and cigarette smoking(which may account for theincrease of ulcers among women,since smoking among women is on the rise.)It isimportant to see a physician if an ulceris suspected,since ulcers can eat through the stomach lining into other organsand occasionally be fatal.Doctors will usually recommend a number oftreatments,including emotional counseling咨询服务and diet changes.Stress-reducing techniques also have beensuccessful in treating ulcers.
59.With a quotation from Goldberg,theauthor is trying ____
A.to clarify how ulcers afflict men and women
B.to warn us of the dangers of ulcers in women
C.to explain why ulcercases have increased again in women
D.to tell us that women have traditionally been more prone to ulcers
60.When you are under stress,you will____
A.be dissatisfied with your work performance
B.find a painful sore in the lining of your stomach
C.have your secretion ofdigestive enzyme stimulated
D.get your digestive enzymes to release gastrin
61.According to Broky,your proneness toulcers lies in____
A.your stress
B.your occupation
C.your social position
D.your reaction to stress
62.It can be inferred from the passage that____
A.ulcers are preventable
B.early ulcers are hard to detect
C.nobody is born with a susceptiable to ulcers
D.an ulcer is suspected in any smoking woman
passage 5
In a seeming contradiction,the growth ofcumputer-augmented work will probably create a need for less-skilled workersrather than the reverse.While early computers required much knowledge and skillto operate,comprehensive software packages软件包have virtually eliminated the requirement for technical knowledge.
Indeed当然,advanced software may lead to a decreased need for certain job-relatedskills.For example,word processing字处理 has reduced the needfor secretarial typing accuracy, since mistakes can be corrected quickly andeasily with no trace of correction.Spell-checking programs can be relied on toprevent common mistakes,thus decreasing the need for that language skill.Wehave already encountereed cashiers who have no need to compute a customer’schange. Instead, they merely enter the purchase amount and the the amountoffered in payment.The machine calculates the change and ,in some cases,automaticallydispenses it.
This effect is seen in more complex jobs,too.Nurses inintensive-care重病特别护理units often monitorseveral patients from a central station.Digital readouts continuously reportpatients’ vital signs.Alarms sound if values exceed an expected range.Despitethe obvious advantages computerization has brought to both patient andstaff,some health-care professionals are concerned that they may be losingimportant“soft” skills.The most important of thesemay be the intuition born of experience 来自经验acquired in personally observing hundreds or thousands of patients.Thelook in a patient’s eyes,the coloring of skin,and the appearance of pain orrestlessness are among many indicators used by medical personnel to anticipatechanges in patient condition.These cannot be captured on a digital display.
Itcannot be denied that computers have made great contributions toproductivity,nor would any reasonable person encouage scrapping the technology.However,wemust pay more attention to human needs,and to thelong-range长期的effects of making jobs less interesting and decreasing skillrequirements.
63.In the first paragraph,the author istalking about____
A.the wide use of computers
B.the contradictory issueof computers
C.the effects of computer-augmented work
D.the technical skills to operate computers
64.As the author illustrates ,the secretaryand cashier____
A.become slaves to computers
B.enjoy doing computer-assisted work
C.do not have to be smart and efficient at work
D.do not need to master asmany job-related skills as they used to
65.As a result of the decreased need forjob-related skills in the hospital ,we may ____
A.change the nature of medicine
B.lose many health-care professionals
C.believe not in patients but in computers
D.lose the intuitionderived from experience
66.It can be concluded that from the passage that thecomputers’ contributions to productivity are undeniable,____
A.and more contributions are expected
B.so is the human dependence on them
C.but their consequenceeffects are worth considering
D.but we can abandon them for the sake of human needs

passage 6
   I wasinvited to present a lecture toa class of graduatenurse一届毕业护士 who were studying the “Psychosocial Aspects of Aging.” I started mylecture with the following case presentation:The patient is a white female whoappears her reported age.She neither speaks nor comprehends the spokenword.Sometimes she babblesincoherently无条理地for hours on end.She disoriented无判断力的aboutperson,place,and time.She does,however,seem to recognize her own name.I havewoked with her for the past 6 months,but she still does not recognize me. cohabit同居
  She showscompletedisregard for 完全不顾her physical appearance and makes noeffort whatsoever无论什么 to assist in her own care. She must be fed,bathed,and clothedby others.Because she isedentulous缺齿的,herfood must be pureed,and because she is incontinent大小便失禁的 of both urine and stool,she must be changed换衣andbathed often.Her shirt is generally soiled污染的from almost incessant drooling流口水.She does not walk.Hersleep pattern iserratic奇怪的.Oftenshe awakens in the middle of the night,and her screaming awakens others.
  Most of the time she is friendly andhappy.However,several times a day she gets quite agitated without apparentcause.Then she screams loudly until someone comes to comfort her.
After the case presentation,I asked the nurses how they would feel abouttaking care of a patient such as the one described.They used words such as “frustrated,”“hopeless,”“depressed,”and“annoyed”to described how they would feel.
  When I stated that I enjoyed taking care ofher and that I thought they would too,the class looked at me indisbelief怀疑.I then passed around分发 a picture of thepatient:my 6-month-old daughter.
After thelaughter had subsided,I asked why it was so much more difficuylt to care for a90-year-old than 6-month-old with identical symptoms.We all agreed that it isphysically easier to take care of a helpless baby weighing 15 pounds than ahelpless adult weighing 100,but the answer seemed to go deeper than that.
The infant,weall agreed,represents new life,hope,and almost infinite potential.The demented精神错乱senior citizen老年人,on the other hand,representsthe end life,with little potential for growth.
Weneed to change our perspective.The aged patient is just as lovable as thechild.Those who are ending their lives in the helplessness of old age deservethe same care and attention as those who are beginning their lives in thehelplessness of infancy.
67.The author’s case presentation implies that____
A.the patient is hopeless
B.the patient is friendly and happy
C.che physical problems of elders can be treated
D.the audience would carefor the elders like the patient
68.To the author,the nurses’s response toher detailed description are probably ____
A.expected
B.unexpected
C.disregarded
D.criticized
69.The suthor passed around a picture ofher daughter____
A.to learn how to enjoy taking care of a baby
B.to learn how to be a good parent
C.to discuss infantile婴儿的symptoms
D.to further the topic
70.According to the author,the aged patientshould be taken care of ____
A.if she is lovable
B.to change his /her perspective
C.to expand his/her potential for growth
D.as a baby deserving ofcare
passage 7
Some problems can be readily identified simply by looking around.Theseproblems concern the pollution of our environment by technology as a result ofsudden upsets in the physical,economic and social balance.The most obvious ofthese are the general pollution of our physical environment and the destructionof irreplaceable natural resources.Not so obvious as these ,but juat aspainfully significant to some,are the disappearing and changing of jobs whichovernight often create large groups of jobless citizens.
Cantechnology be used to undo what it has done,replace what it has destroyed orsubstitute for what it has caused to disappear?No one knows.Many wonder whetheror not all of the sources of pollution have yet been identified,whether or notthey are being arrested and whether or not they will be prevented fromrecurring.
Another set of problems relates to涉及whattechnological advancement has done to the quality of life.An improved sociallife has not been unfortunately,either the goal or the chief beneficiary oftechnological change.Rather,any improvements that have occurred have been moreaccidental than intended.Too much has happened too fast.The changes demanded ofmarriage and family relationships remain largly unexamined.It is oftena matter of…的问题“put up or shut up” 要么行动要么闭嘴,and a person has to adapt his life-slyle to ever-changing不断变化的 conditions with little time forchoice.The “no-move-no-advancement”type is an example of one such problem.Manypeople are coming to think that the reward is simply not worthy the struggle,andthey are taking jobs with less responsibility and lower pay.
71.In the first paragraph the author ismainly talking about____
A.environment protection
B.environment and technology
C.technology producingobvious and insidious阴险的problems
D.the advantages and disadvantages of technology
72.According to the passage,no one knowswhether or not technologh____
A.will solve the problemsit has created
B.will continue to produce conveniences
C.will stop advancing
D.willundo解开itselfWhat is done cannot be undone.[谚]覆水难收(事已定局, 无可挽回)。
73.The author would say that technologicaladvancement____
A.has done nothing to the quality of life
B.has improved the quality of life
C.has harmed the qualityof life
D.has redefined the quality of life
74.What do you learn from the “put up orshut up 要么行动要么闭嘴”____
A.technology has put a great deal of stress on people’s lives
B.People can’t live with the stress caused by technology
C.people are quite active in dealing with the stress caused bytechnology
D.people are quite passivein dealing with the stress caused by technology
75．It can be concluded from the third paragraph that technologicaladvancement has resulted in quick living pace which____
A.isharmful to society
B.is socially rewarding
C.leads to further improvement
D.characterizes modern society

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