（1）疑问词+不定式结构 m_>~e}2'A
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如： m ?D k(DJ
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。（主语） 9 kS ;_(DB
I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。（宾语） B?<Z
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The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。（表语） . a qP=
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语） ?VT
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（注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如： STQ~mFs"
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 E 5bo60 z
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式： |oJ R+
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. aQhr$aH
（2）介词except和but作“只有…，只能…”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式连用）。 DYvg ^b
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. ]%/a
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（3）不带to的不定式 xDBHnr}[
1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有： Q\<^ih51
feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到 Oe%jV,S |V
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉，感知 ]gGCy '*)
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 |MXv
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On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue. #2*2xt
2）另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，have等。如： #>byP?)n
Let him do it.让他做吧。 Eq?d+s>
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。 -#?p16qz5
（注）： Nd4!:.
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时。其后的不定式一般需带to，如： (" >gLr
He was seen to come. g$ oe00b
The boy was made to go to bed early. IW'2+EGc
②在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如： .8%mi'0ud
He was surprised to find the sheep （to） break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。 \dag~b<
3）在do nothing／anything／everything but（except）结构中。例如：
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Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。 (^Kcyag4
但是，如果谓语动词不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but（except）所跟的不定式则仍须带。 R'q:Fc
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。 D%Y{(l+X
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。 -f-2!1&<3h
（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构 &`'gO
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1）不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词（或代词宾格）+ 不定式。例如： /U%Xs}A)
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。 z<F .0~)jb
（注）在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如： ~xg1mS9d
It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。 QAy9RQ0
2）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词‘s+动名词。例如： 9)qjW &`
Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 , e
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He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 ]{[VTjC7rY
3）某些形容词，如：careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 =R^V[zTn_
It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。 Cu\A[6g,
间或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。 ),-4\!7
It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。 [-sE:O`yt
