2004年全国医学考博英语试题及答案

2004 OW}j4-~wL  
patr  = 2 \* ROMAN II vocabulary(10%) C$G88hesn  
31.All the characters in the play are_____ -^Km}9g  
A.imaginable  B.imaginary  C.imaginative  D.imagining H0n@kKr  
32.The judge _____ all the charges againstSmith 2G5!u
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A.dismissed  B.eliminated C.refused  D.discarded C%?D E@k  
33.The actress _____ the terms of hercontract and was prosecuted by the producer. SA 4je9H%  
A.ignored B.ratified  C.drafted  D.violated q\y#  
34.At this time of the year, universityadmission offices are_____with inquires from anxious applicants. mRnzP[7-\)  
A.annoyed B.thrilled C.trampled  D.reproached #u5;utY:F  
35.When the former President_____hercandidacy,she had a good chance of being elected. k=~pA iRDN  
A.enforced B.endorsed  C.follow up  D.put forward rn[}{1I33Q  
36.The country’s highest medal was _____uponhim for heroism. ^=Tu>{uD  
A.earned B.bestowed  C.creditedcredit  D.granted <T.#A8c  
37.The local government leaders are makingevery effort to ___the problem of poverty. f.84=epv  
A.tackle B.taper  C.suppress  D.tangle qMdtJ(gq  
38.At the party we found that the shy girl__her mother all the time =
"w8U'  
A.harmonizing with  B.clinging to C.depending on  D.adjusting to &T/q0bwd  
39.We managed to reach the top of themountain,and half an hour later we began to__ ;7^j-6  
A.decline B.ascend  C.descend  D.plunge 9Glfi@.  
40.Losing the job was bad,but even worsewas the feeling that I had___my dear wife and child aU]O$Pg{  
A.let alone B.let down  C.let off  D.let up &B7+>Ix,  
section B y7IbE  
41.The temperature of the atmospherebecomes colder as elevation increase. S}p&\w H  
A.altitude  B.aptitude  C.latitude  D.longitude %)hIpxOrX  
42.She was wo stubborn that shewouldn’t change her opinions. s?;<F  
A.unwilling  B.talented  C.obstinate  D.determined o`T<}z26
 
43.On Christmas Eve ,she spent two hoursdecorating the room with flower chains. #b"5L2D`y'  
A.modifying  B.ornamenting C.disposing  D.packing cwWSNm|  
44.Nobody can stand for long agonyof a sever toothache. {Fp`l\,  
A.sufferance  B.suppuration C.plague  D.torment v!{'23`87  
45.When we recall a story of identicaloffspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in order to further his horrible work,weare outaged. 2*FWIHyf  
A.enlighted B.calmed  C.provoked  D.moved k q}eUY]  
46.Only native-born citizens are eligiblefor the US.presidency. >gZk 581/  
A.obliged  B.intelligible C.competent  D.qualified 7MuK/q.  
47.Tomorrow’s match has been called off becauseof the foul weather hKzBq*cV  
A.prevented B.delayed  C.cancelled  D.forbidden tp0!,ne*  
48.Losing his job was a financialcatastrophe for his family j zmSFKg*  
A.calamity B.accident  C.frustration  D.depression D@rn@N  
49.Children were expected to be obedientand contribute to the well-being of the family. ~q]|pD"\K|  
A.smart B.efficient  C.painstaking  D.submissive "U5Ln2X{J
 
50.While many applaud the increasingindividualism and freedom of children within the family,others lamentthe loss of family responsibility and discipline 2) /k`Na  
A.mourn B.delight  C.prosecute  D.condemn leb^,1/D6  
part  = 4 \* ROMAN IV 8NAWA3^B  
passage one |p8"9jN@}c  
 Although speech and writing are the special means of communicating ofhumans,the interchange also takes place in many other ways.A person may relayhis or her feelings,thoughts and reactions through body positioning,bodycontact,body odors,eye contatct,responsive actions,habitsattitudes,interests,state of health ,dress and grooming,choice iflife-style,and use of talents—in fact,through everything the individual says ordoes. H6PXx  
  Inturn,every person is constantly receiving multitudes of external and internalmessages through his or her five sense and personal biorhythmsystem. Anindividual screens,selects,regulates,and controls specific aspects of thisinformation through a process of mental choices.Some of these choices areautomatic;some are subconscious because of habit,block,or lack of development;and some are made by a conscious process. The degree to which a person is ableto communicate depends upon the extent of his or her consciousawarness,priority of need,and control of this process. /VmCN]2AZ  
  Theperson with a behavior disorder is shut off from the communicative flow thatnormally exists among humans.His or her mind is confused,and he or she may feelunable to express personal thoughts,need,and emotions,and that he or she iscommunicating clearly but that others cannot or will not understand.Because theperson is thus isolated in internal problems,he or she is  interested only in these problems and cannotfocus attention on the messages of others.The person often projects fears andfantasies onto others,so that no matter what the real content is of themessages that others relay,the messages received are threatening ones. X4P}aC  
  Thecause of such communicative shutoffs are blocks in the neural pathways of theperson’s processing of information.Sometimes a block is physical,as indeafness,mental retardation,brain tumor ,or hardening of the cerebralarteries.However,the most common causes of blocks are injuries to a person’semotional system. `3sy>GU?  
 Emotional blocks occur to some degree in all human beings.They usuallyoccur in childhood before good communicatives skills are learned,and they areconnected to individual symbolism.Unless such a block is removed shortly afterhappening,it can have profound and complicating effects that will distortemotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of theindividual.Even though a child with blocks will appear to grow and to seemmature in some ways,he or she will show the evidence of emotional blocking inefforts to communicate. Z*)y.i`  
61.The concluding phrase of the firstparagraph implies that human communication k qY3r &  
A.is characterized by two features,form andmeaning z"s%#/#  
B.is mainly conducted through speech andwriting J^g,jBk  
C.is of two fuctions,stimulation andresponse g@k#J"Q'[  
D.takes two forms,verbal and nonerbal ]4 K1%ZV  
62.In the second paragraph the author ismainly concerned with____ _86*.3fQG  
A.communicative ability &Xn8o e  
B.external and internal messages }W__ffH   
C.information and mental processing I", &%0ycm  
D.conscious and subconscious awareness _@BRpLs:4  
63.Shut off from the communicative flow,theperson with a behavior disorder___ O7'<I|aD  
A.is unable to focus attention on internalproblems wzDk{4U  
B.is isolated in internal problems Uaus>Frx.T  
C.relays threatening messages %EJ\|@N:  
D.all of the above {w |dM#  
64.Which of the following is universalaccording to the passage? v ]/OAH6D  
A.Nerual blocks #90[PAS
x  
B.physical blocks tL={y*  
C.cerebral blocks B0b[p*gIl  
D.emotional blocks J8u{K.(*7  
65.The passage ends with____ J0ZxhxX35  
A.the contributing factors to emotional andmental disorder q 3AJwELXw  
B.the importance of acquiring goodcommunicative skills H{\.g=01  
C.the significance of eliminating earlyemotional blocks ?fbgU  
D.the warning of emotional blocks common inchildhood 7K>D@O  
passage 2 %1-K);SJ  
 Despression is a state of low vitality and discontent with life in whichthe individual withdraws from normal life activities even to the point ofconsidering death as an attractive alternative. N|!MO{sB  
 Although everyone experiences “the blues”or periods of low spirits whennothing in life seems to go well,when everything seems to be an effort,and whenefforts lead to frustration,these periods are usually brief and are likely tooccur when the person is tired,hungry,lonely,or sick.Rest,good food,talkingwith friends,some fun/or an end to the sickness are usually enough to cure theblues.But when the low spirits persist,or when there are large swings in moodfrom elation to desolation,when nothing seems to catch the interest of theperson,when relatives of friends cannot cheer the person and he or shecontinuous to withdraw,then the person is depressed. Pl rkgS0J  
Even such depressions are normal undercertain circumstances.Anyone who is faced with a serious and painful illness orthe loss of a limb,is exhausted by repeated narrow escapes from death(such asoccurs in wartime),has been exposed to a dehumanizing environment（such as occurred with the Jews inNazi Germany）,has had anoverwhelming series of stressful setbacks,or has experienced the death ofseveral family members within a shor time is expected to be depressed. JmU<y  
 However,there are many depressed people whoseem to the casual observer to have no reason to be depressed.Depression underthese circumstances stems from severe behavior disturbance in which the personsees himself or herself as worthless.Such image is usually the result of thepsychosocical conditioning of a childhood deprived of a parental role model ofsecurity, love,care,and attention essential for the development of trustingrelationships.The depressed person needs to build a new image of himself orherself as a useful and needed person.Psychotherapy is often helpful inrestoring natural inner confidence and capacity for meaningful and trustingrelationships. "3{#d9Gs  
The depressed person can find little beautyor fun in life.His or her talk is filled with gloomy negatives.Doom and anxietyfill his or her mind.Depression is often cyclical,and when the anxiety doeslift the person may demonstrate an opposite extreme of carefree irresponsibility. }}^,7npU  
 Although it often takes years of psychotherapyfor the individual to work through the underlying suspicion and anger of his orher problems,acceptance by another will get through to even the most deeplydepressed person if the other is sincere.An attitude of matter-of-facthopefulness on the part of those around the depressed person can reassure himor her of eventual recovery. gk
!E$NyE  
The disturbed thoughts of the depressedperson cannot be forgotten until they are replaced by other thoughts.Yet,indepression,the person does not see that he or she has choices about whatthoughts occupy his or her mind.The person needs to explore alternatives forthoughts and actions and learn to care for himself or herself enough to modifyhis or her own behavior. mR{CVU  
66.Unlike others,according to the passage,adepressed person___ Vq3gceo'0A  
A.is likely to recover in a short period oftime hpbwZ  
B.does not reveal any underlying causing lLb:f6N  
C.is characteristic of self-hatred Ds%9cp*6  
D.tends to stay with“the blues” NFk}3w
:  
67.From a serious and painful illness tothe death of several family members,the author is trying to tell us that ___ /y}"M  
A.depressions can potentially bedetrimental to mental health z%(Fo2)^  
B.the severity of depression varies withindividuals :83,[;GO2  
C.depressions are overwhelming prevailing 9T(L"9r-e  
D.depressions are sometimes inescapable :P3{Nxa  
68.Those who present no reason to bedepressed,according to the passage___ s|Z:}W?{  
A.need protect their self-images "-w^D!C  
B.need a parental role model at home \HAJ\9*w)  
C.can be helped psychologically to beusueful and need persons >\V6+$cNp  
D.can be helped to restore their trustingrelationships with their parents o^3FL||P#r  
69.The author implies that what thedepressed person needs most is ___ H2_/, n  
A.sincerity `E@kFJ(<On  
B.acceptance \gLxC  
C.reassurance lC0~c=?J  
D.all of above B[r<m J  
70.Under psychotherapy,the depressed personis encouaged___ geksjVwP
H  
A.to free his or her mind of any thought nqT>qS[Z  
B.to find substitutes for the disturbedthoughts AXs=1 e  
C.to reassure himself or herself of earlyrecovery \[yr=X  
D.to explore as many therapeutic approachesas possible. 8p&kLo&  
Passage 3 Y9
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 Seana lived in the inpatient hospice unit for more than a month,farlonger than anyone would have predicted,sustained only on pain medications andPopsicles. #ZJMlJ:q`"  
 Late March in Chicago is only technically spring.Most of the time it isstill cold and overcast.However,this day was warm,60 degrees and sunny.It was aSaturday and we planned to go outside after I finished rounds.I found Seanaback on the unit sitting in her wheelchair, = 4 \* ROMAN IV pole and pumps in tow,her winter coat partially covering hospitalgown.Her sister-in-law and Carla,her nurse’s aide,wer ready to go.Everyone wasin a great mood. 5F2_ xH$5  
  Wewent down the elevator,into the brightly sunlit outdoors,and onto the drivewayby the women’s hospital.Though the initial idea was to just sit in the sun abit,we were drawn toward the sidewalk.There were the usual smokers outside thehospital,and the smell of cigarette smoke was the first thing I noticed.Itseemed horrible to come out here,to have that smell be the first thing to greetSeana.Simultaneous with that thought,though, she said,“What a wonderful smell!”I adked her what smell was sowonderful and she said that it smelled like McDonald’s.I was thinking,shereally does appreciate everything.We went on to the sidewalk and watched afather pitching a ball to his 4-year-old son.The continuity between grnerationswas moving,almost beyond words.As we got to the corner,an inspiration came:wecould make it to Lake Michigan,only a few blocks away.Did she want to try?Dideveryone want to try?Of course we did!Carla said that it felt like we werecutting school.So off we went ,across Sheridan Road,the four of us quite amotley sight:Seana looking like death warmed over in her wheelchair,I wearingmy gray hospital coat,the nurse’s aede in an outrageous green leather coat,hersister-in-law in an Ohio State sweatshirt.Cars slowed down;we waved.We walkedup the road to the beach,cutting through rutted lawns,the wheelchair bumping inthe spring mud.Seana didn’t say much,but she seemed translucent in thesun,beaming,lit from within.I imagined it as her farewell tour of the world.Ican only fathom the poignant wealth of feelingsthat were stimulated.For me ,it evoked the sense of being a tourist,whereeverything seems special,a little strange,and very impermanent.I hadexperienced this same lakefront that way three years before.Then,I had justrecovered from my own near death in the form of a myocardial infarction andcardiac arrest and was filled with joy and gratitude that I was still here.Theworld looked new. 2-~|Z=eGW  
I had been Seana’s age. Z7fg 25  
She taught me that awareness of death andappreciation of life go together:to imagine that you are seeing things for thelast tome has the same intensity as seeing them for the first. .20V 3  
71.Upon finishing rounds,the author___ zJ+3g!  
A.joined Seana for an outing gV8"VZg2  
B.went to the inpatient hospice unit k;k}qq`d  
C.managed to get a wheelchair for Seana K/txD20 O|  
D.found the prrfect weather for a strollwith Seana 7Y1GUIRa3  
72.We can infer that the smell of smokemade the author feel that ___ >{C\H.N  
A.it was a wrong idea to smoke outside ofthe hospital OR:[J5M)  
B.the sidewlk was a wuong place for smoking ]dSK wxk  
C.it had been the right plan to go out /.Fj.6U5  
D.Seans was at a wrong place w&Y{1rF>  
73.Outside the hospital,Seana enjoyedeverything including___ 7{e=="#*  
A.the fast food at McDonald’s .Pe9_ZH$W  
B.the smell of smoke )0k']g5  
C.the generation gap }s_hD`'  
D.all of the above I9Eu' ,  
74.The author would say that Seana beingwheeled in the sun___ =bLY /  
A.was fascinated by the team’s motley sight nPN?kO=]  
B.imagined her farewell tour of the world )}MHx`KT2  
C.was emotionally aroused from within e$e#NoN  
D.was fond of appreciating nature t
nz+bX26  
75.During the outing,the author perceived   Seans’s appreciation of life___ 8 TiG3  
A.in her hope of recvery ffe1lw%  
B.in her awareness of death Qd &"BEs  
C.in seeing things for the first time `y^s
ITr  
D.in bing a tourist at the lakefront +*}{`L- :  
Passage 4 /KCPpERk{  
Two equally brilliant scientists apply fora prestigious research fellowship awarded by a top scientific prganization.Oneis white,the other black.Does the color of their skin matter? !TKkec8$  
Most scientists will already be screaming aresounding “no”. Those who progress in science do so because of their work,nottheir pigmentation.Sceince is meritocratic and objective. It must therefore berigorously color-blind and shun both racial discrimination and affirmativeaction. C[uOReo  
Well,lit’s think about this.If science reallyis so meritocratic,where are all the black Nobel prize winners and fellows ofthe Royal Society?The black chairs of government scientific panels?The blackRichard Dawkinses and Susan Greenfidlds?When Newsweek magazine recentlysurveyed Europe’s largest 100 companies it was shocked to unearth, only sixboard members of non-European racial origin.One shudders to think what asimilar survey of the upper echelons of European science would reveal. a| 4~NL  
Even the usually stick-in-the-mud Britishgovernment now acknowledges there is a problem .Last month it promised newfunding for projects desighed to combat institutional racism in scienceeducation in schools.As measures go it is little and late,but welcomenonetheless.Despite starting school as the top achievers,black British childrenhave long underperformed in science. eq[Et +  
And there are positive changes afoot higherup the scientific career ladder too.At present,few scientific organizations,funding bodies or labs in Europe bother even to track the racial backgroundsof those they hire or fund.As a result the full scale of theunder-representation problem is hidden.Not for much longer.Britain’s newlyamended Race Relations Act requires all government bodies,including fundingcouncils,to track the effects of their activities on different ethnic groupsand ensure that all benefit equally.And next year a European Union directivewill push all EU employers this way too. Sv'y e  
But ethnic monitoring alone will not createthe black role models European science so badly needs.Something else isneeded.Funding agencies and influentialorganizations like the Royal Societymust bite the bullet of affirmative action.That means ring-fencing fellowshipsand grants for applicants from particular racial backgrounds.And it meansseeking out those who have broken through the barriers of race and giving thempreference over their equally well-qualified white peers for positions ofinfluence and places in the spotlight. wQ+8\ s=  
Tokenism and fine sentiments will no longerdo.With other professions having already leapt ahead in this area,the enduringwhiteness of science is more than an embarrassment:it is a barrier to its verycredibility. If a large segment of Europe’sschoolchildren never see a scientist who looks like them,they will continue tothink science is not for them.And if scientists don’t reflect the multifarcialsocieties they live in,they’ll find it hard to win the public trust they crave. ytz SAbj  
Does color matter?You bet it does. ememce,Np  
76.Science is not so meritocratic because___ ::5E8919  
A.it is color-blind ?GA&f2]a  
B.it is racially diaceiminative G:W>I=^DaR  
C.it awards wrong research workers tK(g-u0N`(  
D.it is practiced by the white exclusively 44ed79ly0)  
77.The embarrassing problem addressed inthe passage___embarrassment hm*cw[#O1x  
A.was proved by Newsweek magazine’s survey uC3:7  
B.shocked government scientific panels 9BEFr/.  
C.was revealed by the Royal Society (ll*OVL  
D.all of the above X-LA}YH=tS  
78.One of the positive changes afoot is ___ P>ceeoYQuA  
A.funding research institutions of labs 4+;$7"fJ  
B.setting up a scientific career ladder x%+{VStA  
C.hiding the racial discrimination %+>s#Q2d  
D.belittle racial backgrounds '*^yAlgtt  
79.To bite the bullet of affirmative actionis ___ -t2T(ha  
A.to set up black role models in Europe D]a:@x`+Bz  
B.to keep ethnic issues under surveillance dy__e^qi  
C.to restrict fellowship and grants to theblack 6qWdd&1  
D.to balance the distribution of fellowshipand grants between the white and the black {`=0 |oP}  
80.The author argues that color mattersbecause it is of ___ 6VP`evan  
A.the nature of science }v9\F-0>Q  
B.credibility in science /M;#_+VK<  
C.an embarrassing tokenism =<r8fXWZ  
D.mutual trust between generations 1OLqL
 
passage,5 Wz4&7KY Y  
  About 14,000 people will contract HIVtaday.And tomorrow and the day after that,and every day for the foreseeablefuture.That’s 5 million by the end of the year,most of whom will be dead withina decade. =gfI!w  
  Figures like these bring home the devastatingimpact of AIDS and the urgent need for a cheap,effective vaccine could stop thetide of infection and stem  the need for more,costly treatments.It couldeven help people who already have the virus stay healthy. PWRy7d  
  Back in 1990,druygs companies and researchersconfidently predicted we’d have a vaccine against HIV-1 within 10 years.Thesewere rash statements.The virus has turned out to be more cunning and stealthy,than anyone expected,and our knowledge of how vaccines bolster the immunesystem has’t been good enough.A dozen years on,we still have no clear-cutcandidate for a vaccine. XqRJr%JH  
  So you might expect the announcement of twolarge-scale trials of AIDS vaccines to be applauded.Yet they have beencriticized as a monumental  waste ofmoney.The trials will test almost identical vaccines,neither of which isexpected to offer great protectionagainst the virus.What’s more,both are fundedby the US government, one through the National Institute of Health and theother through the Department of Defense. Pg9hW  
The NIH and the DoD have a long history ofrivalry in AIDS research,but in this case it seems sensible for the NIH to backdown,Although the NIH is under pressure “to be seen to be doing something”,duplicatingwork of questionable value is itself questionable.Better to join forces withthe military for this trial and spend the money saved---which amounts to about ＄60 million---elsewhere. hz;|N W{u  
There are,after all,reasons for optimism.Anew wave of vaccines from industry and academia has nearly completed safetytests.It makes sense to carry out limited trials of all these newcomers,toidentify which ones offer the best protection,before committing tens ofmillions of dollars to large trials. 4(}J.-B  
Such a strategy would need the agreement ofdrugs companies,government agencies and medical charities---something that’snot as Utopian as it sounds.The NIH has already signed a deal to test a new AIDSvaccine made by the pharmaceuticals giant Merck.And the International AIDSVaccine Initiative, a not-for-profit funding organization based in New York,haspioneered new ways to divide up intellectual propertyrights for successful vaccines. |7,L`utp  
What’s needed is cooperation andcoordination，not competition.The important thing is to find the fastest route toan effective vaccine.Every day we forget that ,another 14,000 people pay theprice. ~R$~&x(b  
81.Today the tide of HIV infection___ YprHwL  
A.drown 14,000 people fO'Wj`&a  
B.calls for a cheep,effective vaccine 8l}1c=A}Vi  
C.rolls without any countervailingmeasures <FMq>d$\  
D.is curbed with an inexpensive,effectivevaccine ? J}r  
82.Neither of the vaccines tested in thetwo large-scale trials___ g%F"l2M  
A.is in a right track O#wpbrJ  
B.turned out to be a manufacturer (b?{xf'
G  
C.is sufficiently funded for research )X4K2~k*  
D.is capable of inhibiting the tide of HIVinfections PJxH7|GSi  
83.The author questions___ }:0uo5B7  
A.the two rivisls’ intention to back down 'r(1N
j  
B.insufficient investment in AIDS research x^Yl*iq  
C.the two trials testing almost indenticalvaccines gtUUsQ%y.  
D.the allocation of funds between the NIHand the DoD m}>F<;hQ  
84.According to the passage,it isimperative that___ WI]o cF  
A.the two rivals of AIDS vaccines changetheir research lines pg]BsJN  
B.less pressure be imposed upon the NIH andthe DoD $+. l* ]  
C.the NIH join the DoD ;8!Z5H  
D.all of the above PoEqurH0  
85.The strategy put forward in the passageimplies that___ )54%HM_$k  
A.rivalries can hamper the fight againstAIDS BBcV 9CGU  
B.there are no shortcuts to conqueest overAIDS ,=?{("+  
C.the tide of AIDS infections is not takenseriously enough .]aF 1}AI  
D.one single institution is enough to turnout an effective vaccine -hC,
e/+  
passage 6 l L]y~u  
  Aboy who struggles to read English primary-school storybooks yet has no troublewith university physics textbooks in Japanese is challenging current thinkingin dyslexia.The 17-year-old boy,known as AS,is the first person shown to bedyslexic in one language but not in another. P0`Mdk371  
  “Thiscould have profound consequences for concepts of reading,”says Taeko Wydell of Brunel Universityin west London,whohas studied AS.“If there is aspecific brain area for reading and person has impairment in this area,intheory all his languages should be affected.”The case is also posing problems for researchers who argue thatdyslexia is a visual processing disorder. 7ugZE93!  
  AShas two English-speaking parents but lives in Japan.At the age of six,he beganattending a Japanese primary school,but it soon became clear that he waslagging behind his Japanese counterparts in English.When AS was 13,testsconfirmed that the problem was dyslexia,,a congenital difficulty with reading.Thecauses of dyslexia are poorly understood,but have been linked to damage in partof the brain’s left hemsphere known as the perisylvian area.The condition ismarked by an impaired ability to process the written symbols of language,suchas letters---which has led some researchers to suggest that the problem liesultimately in faulty visual processing. [{C )LDN  
 Intrigued by AS’s case,Wydell and her collegue Brain Butterworth ofUniversity College London looked at his reading in Japanese.Japanese has twowritten forms.One,called kanji, cinsisfts of symbols that carry meaning buthave no phonetic value.The kana script contains symbols that correspond toparticular sounds. .9O$G2'oh  
 Wydell first tested AS’s ability to read 160 words written in kanji.Manykanji characters have two pronunciations---one in the Chinese from which thesymbols were derived and the other unique to Japanese---but only one is correctin a given context.Knowing how to pronounce a word can be extremelydifficult.Yet AS read kanji at undergraduate level and so has no problem withhis visual processing skills.He has also passed competitive high schoolentrance exams,which require expertise in kana. <b/~.$a'  
  InEnglish,however,AS scored half as well as the average person of his age whenasked to read real words and made-up words out loud. And he could read only oneof 50 “difficult ”words,such as “nausea” and “aisle”.Nevertheless,AS perceivesEnglish sounds “just like a native”,says Wydell. Kscd}f)yx?  
 Wydell argue that AS’s case is difficult to reconcile with  conventional theories about dyslexia .“If AS has a problem with visualprocessing,”she says,“it should show up even more inkanji.”She acceptthat many children diagnosed as dyslexic may well have problems processingvisual information,but suspects that others ---like AS---suffer from a kind ofdyslexia that occurs primarily in English.The problem,she believes,lies in thebrains’s ability to tackle the Engliah language complex system of mappingsounds to letters,which gives rise to some eccentric spellings.By contrast,kansletters always sound the same. nx0K$Ptq  
Not all researchers in the field arepersuade,however.“If AS’s sightvocabulary is so good in Japanese,”asks Marjorie Perlman Lorch,a neurolinguist at Birkbeck College,“why hasn’t he adopted the same strategyfor irregular words in English?”She suspects that AS’s reading problems couldstem from his position as a cultural outsider in Japan. “Social identity andmotivational factors can be crucial.” v&Kqq!DE  
86. Dyslexia has been assumed ___ T{wuj[Q#:  
A.to be linked to vision j5@:a  
B.to be caused by faulty visual pocessing p}[zt#v  
C.to be a congenital disorder of mentality AyMd:5;  
D.to lie in the written symbols of language Vf(6!iRP@  
87.What intrigued Wydell is___ tH'2
g
l   
A.AS’s visual processing disorder lsN~*q?~]  
B. AS’s dyslexia in his languages .f+TZDUO  
C. AS’s impaired left hemsphere ePIiF_X  
D. AS’s selective dyslexia y\{%\$  
88. According to Wydell’s investigation, AS___ /  g 2b  
A.is not dyslexia in Japanese scripts %v2R.?F8  
B.is not dyslexia in kanji but in kana [@4rjGwB  
C. is not dyslexia in kana but in kanji Lk
QX?2>]  
D.has a congential difficulty readingJapanese scrips Ali9pvE  
89. Wydell finds it hard to explain AS’scase in term of ___ /PsnD_s]5  
A.faulty visual processing O#Wh TDF"  
B.English phonetics and spelling ?.Pg\ur  
C.congenital problems with reading vOg#Dqn-  
D.the disparities between English andJapanese }<'5 z qS  
90.In AS’s case,according to Lorch,areinvolved___ ,-z9 #t  
A.social factors z5TuGYb<  
B.cultural factors "n*~Mj Ny  
C.motivational factors `O'`eY1f  
D.all of the above "?mJqA  
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how to choose hospitals after entering WTO |\n_OS7  
With China’s entry into WTO, many peoplego to joint venture hospitals when they are ill. The reason for this is thatthese hospitals can provide quality services based on their advanced equipment,exquisite techniques, efficiency administration and excellent doctors. However,people have to pay a high fee in these hospitals, 80 percent of which is forthe service itself. In China,nongovernmental hospitals occupy 41 percent of the total health carefacilities, but they are relatively small in scale less advanced in equipmentand techniques. Anyhow, more nongovernmental hospitals have been built up afterentering WTO and are making an effort to improve services in term of nursingand rehabilitation of the aged with chronic diseases, and health care forinfants and children. In this view, nongovernmental hospitals have a largegrowing space.          jbR0%X2  
Public hospitals are government-run andexcel nongovernmental ones in equipment and techniques. Compared with jointventure hospitals, charges in public hospitals are much lows and can bereimbursed according to the rules of social insurances, but the poor servicesare usually a bigproblem perplexing people. Facing the challenge of entering WTO, publichospitals are undergoing a series of reforms including their management system,personnel system, techniques, services, surroundings and fees in order tosurvive in competition with other types of hospitals. Uk\Id~xLV  
2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考） b:w?PC~O  
1.A 2.B  3.C  4.C 5.C  6.B  7.D 8.A  9.D  10.D  ^%`wJ.c  
11.A 12.B  13.C  14.C 15.D  16.D  17.A 18.C  19.B  20.A  0 U
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21.A 22.B  23.D  24.C 25.D  26.A  27.D 28.C  29.B  30.C  'MY/*k7:  
31.B 32.A  33.D  34.A 35.B  36.B  37.A 38.B  39.C  40.B  Ge<nxl<Bd  
41.A 42.C  43.B  44.D 45.C  46.D  47.C 48.A  49.D  50.A  <vwkjCA`  
51.A 52.B  53.D  54.A 55.B  56.C  57.A 58.A  59.B  60.C  8n>9;D5n  
61.D 62.C  63.B  64.D 65.C  66.D  67.D 68.C  69.D  70.B  p ]d]QMu  
71.B 72.D  73.B  74.C 75.B  76.B  77.A 78.D  79.A  80.B  GQ |Mr{.;  
81.B 82.D  83.C  84.C 85.A  86.B  87.D 88.A  89.A  90.D Qca&E`~Q  
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