issue大全4

151."High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication." 151．高速的电子通讯媒介，如电子邮件和电视，阻止了人们有感情的交流。（不妥？）
A. High-speed electronic communications media can perform most functions that traditional media have provided.
B. High-speed electronic communications media have obvious advantages over traditional communications; high speed, vividness and economy.
C. However, high-speed electronic communications media tend to create passive, isolated and indifferent communicators, preventing people from effective face-to-face interaction.

152 "The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies."
A. Admittedly, corporate executives should make every effort to increase the profits of their companies. 152．对于公司的执行官，他们唯一的任务就是在法律允许的范围内，为公司赚尽可能多的钱。
B. Besides making as much money as possible, corporate executives should be aware of businesses’ social responsibilities.
C. Taking some social responsibilities will benefit companies in the long run.

153."Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."
A. Skepticism, or critical thinking, helps us uncover bias and prejudice and distinguish between opinion and fact. 153．学生们应该带着怀疑的态度对待他们所学的任何东西。他们应该质疑老师教给他们的东西，而不是消极地接受
B. Skepticism is the starting point for creation.
C. College campus is a place where teachers and students get involved in a common pursuit for knowledge and truth.

154."Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators." 154．家长和社会都应该参与到当地的教育中来。教育太重要了，不能把教育单独交给一群专业的老师。(38) Position:
A. parents hold the ultimately legal authority to make key decisions about what and how their own children learn—including choice of curriculum and text books, pace and schedule for learning, and the extent to which their child should learn alongside other children.
B. Only a parent can truly know the unique needs of a child—including what educational choices are best suited for the child.
C. Parents are more motivated—by pride and ego—than any other person to take whatever measures are needed to ensure their children receive the best possible education.
D. With the communities' participation, local schools wilt do better in instructing the children, especially in the respect of moral instruction. SX-h I disagree with the speaker's assertion. A compelling argument can be made that, except for major decisions such as choice of school, a child's education is best left to professional educators.
a) In a perfect world, parents would always make their children's education one of their highest priorities. Yet, in fact many parents do not.
b) Parents are not necessarily best equipped to know what is best for their children when it comes to education.
c) Parents are too subjective to always know what is truly best for their children. They may try to overcome their own shortcomings and failed self-expectations through their children's accomplishments and other decision detrimental to children's development.
d) too many parties become involved in making decision about day-to-day instruction, the school education would be interfered and intervened.

155"Contemporary society offers so many ways of learning that reading books is no longer very important." 155．当代的社会提供了很多学习的途径，读书学习这种方式已经不再重要了
无（waaf）At first, books, unlike other means such as TV and radio, provide the active way of learning,
Second, books are usually the base of other media in that what the other media including programs and films provide are based on books.
Third, books are probably the simplest and most economical way in learning compared with other learning methods.

156"Choice is an illusion. In reality, our lives are controlled by the society in which we live." 156．选择只是假象。实际上，我们每个人的生活都是由社会支配的
无（waaf）It is true that we, as members of the society, are sometime subdued to the society, but meanwhile, unlike other animals, we can actively participate in and even change or control the society by having a good choice that is to conquer the outside by our efforts.
the world is affluent of choice and the right in choice, dealing with the society actively or inactively is in our hands
by choosing we can control the world well

157."There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires." 157．没有哪件事情是客观观察的结果。所有的观察都是主观的；它们在很大程度上决定于观察者的期望和偏好。
A. Everyday experience inform us that different people have different opinion when they observe the same object.
B. However, these sorts of subjective "observations " are actually subjective "interpretations" of what we observe.
C. As the speaker's assertion, there is no such thing as truth and we cannot truly know anything. It runs against the grain of all scientific discovery and knowledge gained in the human history.
D. According to the psychological discipline, given the same spatial perspective and sensory acuity and awareness, just as the video camera does, our observations would all be essentially in accord—that is, observation can be objective.

158The arts (music, dance, visual arts, etc.) are vitally important to students' education and should therefore receive as much emphasis as mathematics, science, reading and other mainstream subjects." 158．艺术（音乐、舞蹈、视觉艺术等）对学生的教育都是很重要的，因此它们应该得到和数学、科学、阅读还有其他主干课程一样的重视
无（waaf）life should be colorful, which necessities the arts as well as the science such as mathematics
makes more knowledgeable and understandable of the world
the knowledge is dependent, especially in the modern society.

159."The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds." 159．人总是比机器聪明，因为机器只不过是人类的工具而已
A. In terms of memory and computing as well as other technical operations, computers can do much better than human beings.
B. In terms of creation, machines can never surpass human intelligence, for it is illogical that ‘stupid’ human minds can create ‘clever’ artificial intelligence.
C. However, human beings should guard against the abuse of advanced technology and see to it that machines are created to serve human welfare.

160."The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little." 160．一个好的领导最主要的品质就是对某些特定原则和目标的坚持。任何领导，如果他很容易受到大众化观点的影响，那他就一事无成。
A. In the business realm, effective leadership is generally defined as that which achieves the goal of profit maximization in the long term by taking reasonable steps to minimize the social and environmental harm their businesses caused. Thus the two definitions merge, and the statement at issue is ultimately correct.
B.In the political realm the issue is no less complex, (strong but keep pace with the social development)
Example: two British prime ministers Neville Chamberlain and Churchill
In 1938, British Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the Munich Pact with Adolf Hitler, an agreement that gave Czechoslovakia away to Nazi conquest while bringing, as Chamberlain promised, "peace in our time."
C. Consider social-spiritual leadership. Few would disagree that through their ability to inspire others and lift the human spirit .Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King were eminently effective in leading others to effect social change through civil disobedience. This brand of leadership, in order to be effective, inherently requires that the leader remain steadfastly committed to principle.

161."'In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished." 161．在媒体覆盖率很大的当今社会，人们不可能把一个人当作英雄。任何有威望的人在媒体强烈的“关注”下都会名声扫地。
A. Media viewers, readers and listeners find information about the misfortunes and misdeeds of others, especially heroic public figures, far more compelling than information about their virtues and accomplishments.
B. Mass media generally consist of profit-seeking entities, whose chief objective is to maximize profits. Catering to the audience's needs, media tend to focus on the sensational issue.
C. Intense media scrutiny raises a presumption, at least in the public's collective mind, that their hero is guilty of some sort of character flaw or misdeed.
D. Demographic studies show that the vast majority of people relying on mainstream media for their information, lack the sort of critical thinking skills and objectivity to see beyond what the media feeds them and to make a fair and informed judgement about a public figure—heroic or not.
E. Even the media made a mistake and the victims can have any chance to vindicate themselves and even get damage awards, a damage award is no indication that the public has expunged from its collective memory a perception that the fallen hero is guilty of the alleged flaws.

162"One often hears about the need for individuals to take responsibility for their own lives. However, the conditions in which people find themselves have been largely established long before people become aware of them. Thus, the concept of personal responsibility is much more complicated and unrealistic than is often assumed162．我们经常听到某个人说为了生活他需要些什么。但是，很多情况下人们早已创造了条件，只是很多人很久以后才会意识到。所以个人责任比我们想象的要复杂虚幻得多
无（waaf）1. benefits to success of the individual
2. ensures the secure and balance of the society
3. is the landmark of the civilization of the society

163."The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished." 163.任何一个人若是受到了媒体的详细审查，那末他的名声将会下降
The above statement is much too broad, however. "Anyone" covers all people all over the world.
Another problem with such a broad statement is that it does not define the particular level of media scrutiny.
Without a doubt, there are many examples of individual's whose reputations have been diminished by media scrutiny. The media's uncovering of former U.S. President Bill Clinton's affair with Monica Lewinsky will most likely overshadow the entire eight years of his administration.

164."Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes." 164．有时侯想象力比实际经验更有价值。缺乏实际经验的人有很自由的想象空间，他们知道了什么是可能的，然后就会去找到一个完成的方法，而不受固有的习惯和态度的限制
A. Experience with no imagination is like a bird that has no wings because imagination helps life experience to a higher plateau.
B. Imagination with no experience is like water without a source or a tree without roots because experience is raw materials needed to actualize imagination.

165."In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motivated not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority." 165．在任何领域，领导作用总是来自于这些人，他们并不为传统的观念所动，而是极力渴望表达那些和主流思想不同的观点和想法
A. Examples abound in all areas of human endeavor-including politics, the arts that strong support the claim that those iconoclasts take a lead in their respective field.
B. As for the science, innovation and progress can only result from challenging conventional theories, that is the status quo.
C. Nevertheless, what motivates these iconoclasts is a mere desire to be different. On the contrary, they are driven primarily by their personal convictions.

166"Over the past century, the most significant contribution of technology has been to make people's lives more comfortable." 166．上个世纪大多数的科技贡献都使人们的生活更舒适。无（waaf）1. greatly improve the quality of people’s life
2. propels the society to go ahead, in which the social culture and civilization are also enhanced immensely
admittedly, the advance of technology sometime even brings troubles and harms to people

167."It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician." 167．一个好的政治领导在任何时候都能告诉大家事实的真相是可能的。但是对于政治来说，太诚实并不见得是一个美德New
A. It will be impossible for an effective political leader to maintain his or her good figure while be complete honest to the public. Public scrutiny always has a tendency to diminish one’s reputation..
B. However, as to some cardinal politics, the political leader should always be complete honest to the public even doing so may cause detriment to himself.

168."Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field." 168．在任何领域，只有那个领域的专家做出的批评和判断才是有实际价值的
A. Ordinary customers or users often know better the defects of a product than the expert who designed it.
B. In the realm of politics, the right to judge belongs to ordinary people instead of political experts of any sort.
C. Any group actions without the intellectual as well as physical participation of ordinary members are liable to fail.

169."Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other." 169．任何认为政治和道德是两码事的人是既不懂政治又不懂道德的
A. It is wrong to equate moral behavior in politics with the simple notions of honesty and putting the other fellow's needs ahead of one's own. We must understand that the political rhetoric is necessary and does not harm the society, as long as it does not escalate to outright lying.
B. In order to gain the opportunity for moral leadership politicians must engage in certain compromises along the way. Some degree of pandering to the electorate is necessary to maintain that position.
C. Effective politicians need concern themselves with morality. Successful political leadership .requires a certain measure of public morality, serving the society with its best interests as the leader's overriding concern.
D. In the short term amoral or immoral public behavior might serve a political leader's interest in preserving power, yet in the long term such behavior invariably results in that leader's downfall.

170."The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."
First, it fails to define "general welfare." 170．一个富强的国家最有力的证明不是它的统治者、艺术家或者科学家，而是全体人民的福利
Second, it assumes that the sorts of achievements that the speaker cites have nothing to do with a nation's general welfare.
A. It is our scientists, artists, and political leaders—or so-called rulers—who by way of their achievements bring the aim of people's welfare into fruition. When we speak of "promoting the general welfare," we refer to the following index: public health and safety, security against military invasion, individual autonomy and freedom, cultural richness, and a high standard of living.
B. Scientific achievements serve to enhance a nation's general welfare.
a) Advances in the health science have enhanced our physical well-being, comfort, and life span.
b) Advances in technology have enabled us to travel to more places, communicate with more people from different walks of life, and learn more about the world much more effectively.
c) Advances in physics and engineering make our buildings safer, and enable us to travel to more places, more distant places, with greater safety and speed.
C. Artistic achievement is also needed to make a nation a better place for humans overall.
D. The military and diplomatic accomplishments of a nation's leaders provide an integral contribution to the general welfare of any nation's populace.

171."People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the public good." ?? 171．那些出于个人目的追求自己兴趣的人是得益于那些肯牺牲自我为大众造福的人的
A. By human nature, we are motivated to pursue activities in which we excel. To compel people to focus their intellectual interests on certain assigned areas would be to force many to waste their true talents.
B. There are a lot of scientific researches that are of fundamental significance to human beings but does not immediately addressing society's pressing social problems. Yet in the longer term it might be necessary to ensure the survival of the human race.
C. It is dangerous to afford ultimate decision-making power about what intellectual pursuits are worthwhile to a handful of regulators, legislators in the name of public good. History informs us well of the danger inherent in setting official research priorities. Example: the Soviet government's attempts during the 1920s to not only control the direction and the goals of its scientists' research but also to distort the outcome of that research—ostensibly for the good of the greatest number of people. In the 1920s the Soviet government quashed areas of scientific inquiry, destroyed entire research facilities and libraries, and caused the sudden disappearance of many scientists who were viewed as threats to the state's authority. Not surprisingly, during this time period no significant scientific advances occurred.

172"Important truths begin as outrageous, or at least uncomfortable, attacks upon the accepted wisdom of the time." 172．真正的真理一开始都是不讲道理的，至少是令人不舒服的，并且是和那个时代的名人相抵触的
A. Copernicus’s heliocentric theory in the 16th century was a direct attack upon the accepted wisdom of the time, the geocentric view of the universe postulated by Aristotle and Ptolemy.
B. When Darwin first declared that the wide variety of animal species was due to a process of development over many millennia, he challenged the traditional Christian belief and outraged the religious fundamentalists.
C. In former socialist countries, it took a long and painful time for people to give up the old idea of state-owned economy and to accept the idea of market economy.

173."Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought before; it means putting old ideas together in new ways." 173．创意不是指想人们没有想过的东西；而是指把旧的观点放在一起形成新的观点
A. Originality is especially expressed in the ability to make connections, to make associations, to turn things around and express them in new ways.
B. Originality also emerges out of personal commitment to raise new questions, explore new possibilities and be willing to implement ideas that may not in tune with the conventional way of doing things.
Originality is a very important factor affecting the success of science, art, technology, and education.  Interpretation of this attribute varies for different people.  In my opinion, originality means both (1) thinking something that was never thought before, and (2) putting old ideas together in new ways.

174."Laws should not be stationary and fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places." 174．法律不应该太严格、太固定。他们应该根据实际情况而有伸缩性
A. Laws should be flexible to be effective in various circumstances, times, and places. The situations in different part of a nation may be vast different; As the development of the society, people may find urgent demand to modify laws for the society function.
B. Rigid laws can result in fairness if applied inflexibly in all places at all times.
C. Without flexible laws, the society can survive but cannot thrive.
D. However, a certain measure of consistency, stability and predictability in our laws is required in order for us to understand our legal obligations and rights as we go about our day-to-day business as a society.

175."It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may ' be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual." 175．总是某个个人推动了革新；由团队完成细节，但是真正的革新却来自于公司和某个个人独到的见解
A. With respect to business innovation, I agree that it is the vision and commitment of key individuals-such as a firm's founder or chief executive—from which businesses burgeon and innovative products, services, and marketing and management strategies emerge.
B. Teamwork and individual enterprise can operate synergistically to bring about innovation. Teamwork and individual enterprise are not necessary inconsistent, as the speaker assumes. If directed toward the firm's goals, the traits can motivate other team members, thereby facilitating innovation.
C. In today's world, scientific innovation requires not only individuals of intense enterprise and unique perception but also extensive teams of researchers.

176."The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset. Therein lies the value of each." 176．科学的目的是打消疑虑，艺术的目的是颠覆。只有这样，它们才有价值
A. The final objective of science, in my view, is to discover truths about our world, our universe, and ourselves. Sometimes these discoveries serve to reassure, other times they serve to upset. On the one hand, many scientific discoveries serve to reassure. For example, many would consider reassuring the various laws and principles of physics which provide unifying explanations for what we observe in the physical world. These principles provide a reassuring sense of order, even simplicity, to an otherwise mysterious and perplexing world.
B. On the other hand, many scientific discoveries have clearly "upset" conventional notions of people.
C. In many cases artists set about to reassure, not to upset.
D. However, in other cases, artists set about to upset.
科学和艺术两者都着眼于更新，科学是在前人的理论基础上不断修正，提出新的理论，而艺术是对前人的创作的基础上创新，创造出不同于前人，超越前人的思想，如“印象派”以画光线著称，在这之前，其他画派的画的背景都是无光的，可是科学确实如牛顿所说“我是站在巨人的肩膀上”，不能在推翻一个理论体系后，马上建立，必须逐步修正

177."The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes." 177．对学术的研究改变了我们观察世界的方法。研究了这些学术定律之后，我们看到的世界还是和以前一样，但是却换了一个视角
A. Academic discipline provides us with various new methodologies to interpret our world, which reshapes our understanding of the reality.
B. With the change in our perception of the world, the way we interact with our world will also be changed correspondingly.

178"It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds." 178．控制、限制人们行为的法律很可能通过，但是立法不能改变人们的本性。法律也无法改变人们所思所想。
indeed ,in the hearts of all people ,there exist the most instinctive desire to free themselves from the limitation of these stark rules.
accustomed to all of these laws ,people have learned to disguise all of their ambition by pretending to be conforming to these laws.but in their hearts where all real affections are nurtured ,never has there been a minute that their individual desire overcomes the limits of laws.as the soaring begins to pervade the whole system of rational choices ,more severe and crucial laws are required to keep the stability.
to keep the society really safe and convenient,people should try their best to conform to laws while shunning their ambition only in their dreams.

179"What most human beings really want to attain is not knowledge, but certainty. Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open—but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything." 179．人类真正需要的不是知识，而是对事物的确定性。真正地获得知识是需要冒险的，并且要有开放的思想，但是大多数人寻求的只是一个安定，而不是去学习复杂的，甚至未解的真理
Position: It is necessary to realize the limits of laws when we hail “rule by law”.
A. Common sense tells us that without laws, society would fails into a state of chaos.
B. However, legislation cannot reform human nature.
C. Society should depend on education to cultivate people’s hearts and minds.

180."Many problems of modem society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated." 180．现代社会的许多问题是法律和司法系统不能解决的，因为立法不能左右人的道德行为
A. The legal system is intended to force people to abide by certain social rules and to commit no crimes, which is the precondition of any stable and orderly society.
B. Morality encourages people to do good or at least motivates them to consciously act in accordance with law.
C. A harmonious society necessitates the joint efforts of legal restraint and moral admonition.

181. "The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with in their academic fields is more a matter of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things." 181．学生和学者们表达他们研究领域的工作时，更多的是和听众本身有关，而不是简单的培训。当不同的人看待完全相同的物体、事实、数据或者事件时，他们的看法都不尽相同，这时就需要不同的演讲者来表达。（有点别扭）  Sample:
Admittedly, whether an individual tends to be an optimist or a pessimist might have some bearing on interpretation. For instance, an archeology student with a optimistic outlook toward life might respond to a lengthy yet unsuccessful search for certain artifacts a discovery and progress
In sharp contrast, one's educational background and training can serve as a strong influence on how one interprets historical events involving human affairs, statistical data, and especially art. .
Finally, when it comes to how students and scholars interpret art, training and educational background play an especially significant role.

182"It is dangerous to trust only intelligence." 182．只相信聪明是危险的。 intelligence 就当智力，智商写也可。。。现在什么情商嘛。关相信纯粹的思想智慧而没有感情，直觉因素显然不行。
A. In scientific studies regarding the physical world, we should depend only on intelligence for discovering and testing truths.
B. However, in the realm of human affairs, we have to use both our intelligence and our hearts for solving problems.

183."As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious." ?? 183．随着我们的知识越来越多，事情不是变得更好理解，而是变得更复杂更神秘
A. The world in the eyes of primitive tribes was much simpler and thus more ‘comprehensible’ in a sense and certainly more backward.
B. If we compare the known part of the world to the space within a circle, the unknown part of the world around the circle grows as the circle of our knowledge expands.
C. There is no need to feel frustrated about the increasingly more complex and more mysterious world that confront because our knowledge in total keeps growing and correspondingly we are becoming better equipped to cope with the problems that emerge.

184."It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data." 184．在没有数据之前就下结论是大忌
A. A theory conjured up without the benefit of data amounts to little more than the theorist's hope surmise and desire—what he or she want to be true or suppose to be true.
B. The theorist will tend to seek out evidence that supports the theory, and overlook or ignore the evidence that refute it-C. By theorizing before collecting data the theorist also runs the risk of interpreting that data in a manner which makes it appear to lend more credence to the theory than it actually does.

185."Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that DO speaker or reformer ever could." 185．丑闻，不管是政治、学术还是其他领域，可能是有用的。它们能吸引人们的注意力，而这点，是任何发言人和改革家都办不到的
A. On the one hand, scandals can sometimes serve to call our attention to pervasive social or political problems that we would otherwise neglect. The paradigmatic modem example is the Watergate scandal. No public speaker or reformer could have called the nation's attention to the problem of presidential misconduct unless the scandal had surfaced.
B. On the other hand, scandals can sometimes serve chiefly to distract us from more pressing community or societal problems.

186."Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world." 186．实用性是我们最大的追求，所有的力量和聪明才智都应为其努力。任何显然没有实用性的东西对当今社会来说是没有价值的
A. In this practical age, practicality has indeed become a great idol in every field of our life.
B. After the Cold War, world countries have lost enthusiasm in great ideals, which is not necessarily a negative effect.
C. Meanwhile, there has been a puzzling growth of interest among many people in unpractical things such as religion, adventure, traveling, arts, etc., which implies a growing concern about the spiritual life in a technological civilization.

187. "It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most people find difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put into practice." 187．人们很容易接受改革和新的观点。但是，人们难以接受的是把新的观点运用到实际中来。
A. In the areas of politics and social issues, new ideas and imagination are often appealing and welcome but what is most difficult is to put them into practice when the vested interests are broken.
B. In the areas of natural science and technology. Biological science and cloning tech is constructive and welcome, so is the internet technology. However, when it comes to the practical use of cloning human being or taking advantage the IT for intention of crime, they are controversial or guarded.
很多科学理论都不能应用于实践，还有很多科学发现在很多年之后才知道可以用来作什么，就象一种新的化学元素的发现，理解它的性质并不难，难的是想出它到底可以作什么用，有什么实际价值。
国人为例,大家都知道改革势在必行,但是这个过程很痛苦，很多人下岗的都会骂
举个简单例子，人工授精早就可以实现了，但是么把人工授精的科学成果应用到生活的方式大家不一定接受的了。因为精子来源，社会舆论都是问题。

188."Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and—, eventually, —to change it." 188．成功，不管是学术上的还是专业上的，都有在新环境中适应并最终改变新环境的能力。
A. People can succeed both by surviving and changing a new environment, and by excelling in an old environment.
B. Another way of understanding success is to see it as failure with the dirt brushed off.
C. I would rather define success as doing one’s best to become the best that one is capable of becoming.

189"If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these works no longer answer the needs of the present." 189．如果人们忽略了过去的伟大成就，那就是因为这些成就不再能满足现在的需要
A. One reason why people disregard the great works of the past is that some of these works are largely irrelevant to the present.
B. Another reason is that today’s education does not attach much importance to the literary classics of the past.
C. However, it is naïve to say that all great works of the past no longer answer our needs of the present.

190."As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money." 190．当人们挨饿、失业或者缺少维持生活最基本的技能时，用来支持艺术的公众资源就显得很不合适了，或者更残忍一些，还有人妄图独吞这些资金。
A. The first reason that I disagree with the assertion is that to postpone pubic arts funding until we completely eliminate unemployment and hunger would be to postpone arts funding forever.
B. The second arguments that public support for the arts is desirable is that by allocating public resources to me arts we actually help to solve these social problem.
C. Last but not least argument has to do with the function and ultimate objectives of arts. Arts contribute to a more charitable society—more willing to give help to those who are in need in the ways that the speaker is concerned.

191"Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers." 191．教育还应该把这两件事看得同等重要，丰富学生的个人生活，把学生培养成能干的工人
A. The first purpose of education is to cultivate students’ minds, helping them to grow up to become good citizens and happy persons.
B. For this purpose, schools should stress the teaching of humanities.
C. Another purpose of education is to train students to be productive workers.
D. For this purpose, schools should also include occupational training courses in the curriculum.

192"Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful and cautious planning." 192．各个领域的成功更多是来自机遇或者冒险，而不是深思熟虑的计划
A. Whatever goal we intend to accomplish, the first thing to do is planning.
B. Chance favors only the prepared minds.
C. Taking risks without any planning is nothing but rashness.

193"It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social tranformations that have the most lasting significance." 193．更具有持久意义的不是头版头条的政治事件，而是很少报道的社会变革
A. The headline-making political events are often superficial and short-lived.
B. The commercial interests of the mass media determine their preoccupation with the news value of events rather than the social value of events.
C. Social transformations usually take place slowly, and are hard to notice at their beginnings.

194"The best preparation for life or a career is not learning to be competitive, but learning to be cooperative." 194．为生活和工作做的最好的准备，不是学会具有竞争精神，而是学会具有合作精神。
A. Cooperative benefits every member of the team.
B. Every field of life requires people who are ready to cooperate with others.
C. Only through cooperation can we accomplish great tasks.
D. What is most needed today might be learning to compete in the spirit of cooperation

195-"The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus." ?? 195．政治的目标不应该是追求一个想法，而是寻找普遍合理的大多数人的意见
A. Reasonable consensus and a political ideal need not be mutually exclusive.
Example: peace among nations. In order to gain the opportunity to pursue their ideals politicians must build some measure of consensus along the way.
B. The assertion flies in face of the history.
C. Idealists are better able to steer clear of short-term thinking, near-sighted goals, and self-serving maneuverings. Lacking idealism a political leader will tend to seek compromise and unprincipled consensus for its own sake. Most politicians seem driven today by their interest in being elected and reelected—that is, in short-term survival—rather than by any sense of mission, or even obligation to their people and country.

196."Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life." 196．科学技术产生了许多不能解决的问题，对人们的生活质量构成威胁
A. Technology has greatly increased human beings’ power to harness natural force for human purpose.
B. Technology has dramatically improved the living conditions of human beings.
C. Admittedly, technology is a double-edged sword, which, if misused, might undermine the quality of our life and even threaten our existence.

197. "The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries." 197．一个国家的生活质量提高和社会的安定是和其他所有国家的生活质量提高和社会安定密不可分的。
A. the economic pursuits of any nation today are not only connected to but actually interwoven with those of other nations.
B. Nations have also become interconnected in the pursuit of scientific and technological progress. It may be either detrimental or beneficial effects: global computer connectivity has served to heighten national-security concerns of all connected nations. Nuclear weapon etc.
C. The world's nations have become especially interconnected in terms of their public health. The environmental problem links the world together. Greenhouse effect, Depletion of ozone, sandstorm etc. It is evident that so-called industrial "progress' has carried deleterious environmental consequences worldwide. The depletion of atmospheric ozone, which has warmed the earth to the point that it threatens the very survival of the human beings. The deforestation caused the more frequent sandstorms have more and more endanger the people.

198"Instead of encouraging conformity, society should show greater appreciation of individual differences." 198．社会应该关注赞赏个性差异，而不是鼓励一致统一
A. Conformity leads to the death of creativity.
B. A society that encourages individual differences will benefit from the creations and vitality of its people.
C. “Whatever crushes individuality is despotism, by whatever name it may be called.” (John Stuart Mill)

199"Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from individuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone." 199．真正的有改革性的观点不是来自群体，而是来自个人。当一个群体想要有创造性，群体中的成员就会相互强迫妥协，最终扼杀集体的创造性并形成更多的惯例。大多数有创造性的想法来自于独立工作的个体
A. It is true that individual thinkers or scientists working alone formulated many original ideas in history.
B. However, one should see that those great individuals actually benefited a lot from the work either of his contemporaries or of the people before their time.
C. While members of a group might force each other to compromise, it is also true that they may inspire and enlighten each other.

200"The most elusive knowledge is self-knowledge, and it is usually acquired through solitude, rather than through interaction with others." 200．最难的莫过于对自身的了解，通常只能通过自己了解，而不是通过和他人合作了解
A. To lead a happy life, the first thing is to know ourselves. (“An unexamined life is not worth living.”)
B. One way to know ourselves is to examine ourselves alone.
C. However, interaction with others can also help us to see more clearly who we are

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jushantopic

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沙发发表于: 2010-02-20

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

楼主辛苦了

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一介布衣

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板凳发表于: 2010-06-23

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

谢谢了

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