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Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960sa new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery. $^_6,uBM[
The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know, light is hot; any source of light---from the sun itself down to a humble match burning---will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam. edo+ o{^
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches (刀口缝合), no unwanted damage--a true surgical wonder. ! QpOrg
Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried. DL<;qhte
The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to perations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried. N% ?R(
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The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically. /xSFW7d1
41.Up until the 1960s the instruments used to perform surgical operations U:z5`z!
were ___ . F{4v[WP)
A. fashionable B. extraordinary C. special D. basic !S%0#d2
42.After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that ___ . inFS99DKx
A. medical help became available for industrial workers. Ze[,0Y!u&
B. the study of art went through a complete revolution. _RIlGs\.
C. more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments. tY>Zy1hlI
D. man's whole approach to surgery changed completely ,kf.'N
43.The laser beam is so strong because ___ . 5r mU
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A. it is composed of a concentrated beam of light +4
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b. its heat is increased by the heat of the sun 1Au+X3
C. it can be plugged into an ordinary light fitting xKl1DIN[
D. it sends out heat in many different directions KZTLIZxI-
44.Surgeons can now carry out operations which ___ . b8_F2
A. can be performed successfully only on the human eye LP=y$B
B. result in long periods of recovery time for patients t>AOF\
C. are made much more complicated by using the laser beam y%X! l(gQ
D. result in very little damage to the patients themselves %ioVNbrR7
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45.The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that ___ . 0k{\W
A. in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancer =kfa1kD&{
B. surgery is likely to improve considerably 7f}uRXBV$A
C. we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer from i%JJ+ 9N
D. we are now able to treat most forms of cancering the laser beam pr,,E[
D. result in very little damage to the patients themselves tfN[-
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45.The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that ___ . :SS \2
A. in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancer
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B. surgery is likely to improve considerably ZM b+sUK
C. we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer from j<P;:
D. we are now able to treat most forms of cancer |$b8(g$s)
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