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主题 : 写作经典错误与分析
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楼主  发表于: 2009-02-16   

写作经典错误与分析

  一. 不一致(disagreements) "j Zm0U$,*  
  所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等. nN ~GP"}  
  例1. when one have money ,he can do what he want to . EE%s <_k`  
  (人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么.) b4 ~H3|  
  剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致. '>^Xqn  
  改为: once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do) vO$ra5Z  
  二. 修饰语错位(misplaced modifiers) t>U!Zal"  
  英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.例1. i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus.  0:dB 9  
  剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末. vbn> mg5  
  三. 句子不完整(sentence fragments) ,z66bnjO  
  在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生. z`'P>.x   
  例1. there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on . 8t9aHla  
  剖析:本句后半部分"for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句. SLA#= K  
  改为:there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper. DM2Q1Dh3  
  四. 悬垂修饰语(dangling modifiers) uiK:*[  
  所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如:at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中"at the age of ten"只点出十岁时,但没有说明” 谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了. 9N}W(>  
  改为: P{lh)m>  
  when i was ten, my grandfather died. *o|p)lH  
  例1. to do well in college, good grades are essential. lCE2SKj  
  剖析:句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚. ]h UKuef  
  改为:来源:考试大网 l%bq2,-%  
  to do well in college, a student needs good grades. |E|T%i^}./  
  五. 词性误用(misuse of parts of speech) gDhl-  
  “词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等. 0=,'{Vz}A  
  例1. none can negative the importance of money. 4(iS-8{J  
  剖析:negative 系形容词,误作动词。 L{K*~B-p  
  改为: 36i_D6  
  none can deny the importance of money. 7xR|_+%~K  
  六. 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns) U$ EM.ot  
  指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句: 0nT%Slbih  
  mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. b.(XS?4o  
  (玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。) Dtt\~m;AR  
  读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为: r &c_4%y  
  mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. g$gVm:=  
  例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself. d'q;+ jnP  
  剖析:句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为: KPg[- d  
  we can also know society by serving it ourselves. FP@ A;/c  
  七. 不间断句子(run-on sentences) Z#LUez;&t#  
  什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。 KY 8^BjY@  
  例1. there are many ways we get to know the outside world. 8ipW3~-4  
  剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“there are many ways.” 以及“we get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。 9`,,%vdj  
  改为: ,iohfZz  
  there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或: !~tnt i6  
  there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside v6KL93  
  world 0vcET(  
  八. 措词毛病(troubles in diction) % M+s{ l  
  diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。 w4`!Te  
  例1. the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. 7ia "u+Y  
  (农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。) h FDze  
  剖析:显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。 Age-AJ  
  改为: wiKCr/  
  the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution. # e$\~cPd  
  九. 累赘(redundancy) YlG; A\]k  
  言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如: .!!79 6hS  
  in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him. 1k0^6gE|  
  本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为:in spite of his laziness, i like him. -fhAtxkg  
  例1. for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. 5 wy;8a  
  剖析:整个句子可以大大简化。 o&WRta>VP  
  改为: J,MT^B  
  diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need. (tgEa{rPAP  
  十. 不连贯(incoherence) x0y% \  
  不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。 s_x=^S3~LO  
  例1. the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. =lYvj  
  剖析:the fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。it 与things 在数方面不一致。 tbL1g{Dz,  
  改为:来源:考试大 p<<6}3~  
  fresh water is the most important thing in the world. 1{= E ?  
  十一. 综合性语言错误(comprehensive misusage) @2QJm  
  所谓“综合性语言错误”,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点符号,大小写等方面的错误。 L; @a E[#z  
  例1.today, money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.
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