考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 YWV"I|Z
d},IQ,Az:Z
开头万能公式: fpjy[$8
uhyw?#f
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 L|y4u;-Q
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! &
C~R*
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? Dq#/Uw#
经典句型: 4%8}vCs
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) CDDx %#eG>
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. +
d[A'&"
(适用于自编名言) )'
<B\P
/
更多经典句型: [0_JS 2KE
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… U>q&p}z0H
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 i+/:^tc;
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 +Zaew679
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: dXkgWLI~
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college .k{omr&Dy5
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. ,BK6a'1J
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: }pE8G#O&
Honesty j3Ng] @N
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 '~dE0ohWb
Travel by Bike $#4J^(I*:
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 V?g@pnN"
Youth ^*7~ Wxk5
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 7m;2M]BRi
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? B/IPG~aMEZ
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 ALw5M'6q0\
更多句型: zy(i]
6
A recent statistics shows that … 0A
%>'<
@`:n +r5u
结尾万能公式: =d/\8\4
WA-`
*m$v
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 @l9qH1
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: B;'Dh<J1
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good W_EM
k
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. \Nc/W!
r*9
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! aa<9%j
更多过渡短语: fI%+
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus uLYz!E+E
更多句型: U;n$
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… a^qLyF&F
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 _//)|.6c3
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! iw<#V&([J
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve &sL(|>N
the problem. #n^P[Zw
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? hR3lo;'
更多句型: dzZ74FE!t
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. .5I!h !
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be &~P5[[Q
taken. #Ag-?k
写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 _Zya GDv
q10gKVJum
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: |p J)w
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is ;bVC7D~~4w
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to f3e#.jan
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite U'S}7gya
similar. H8~<;6W
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! JqTkNKi/s
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 t>|Y-i3cb
主 题 句原则 2't<Hl1qN
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! ^"\ jIP
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! {]plT~{e
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully }f np}L
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, \o9-[V#Gm
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 ?P[uf
一 二 三原则 ^,')1r,
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点…
p+U}oC
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 2<wuzP|
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) 1"3|6&=
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) Z`nHpmNM
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) ')t
:!#
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, yC !`6$
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) IW3ZHmrpA
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) /kE3V`es
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) 8*3o9$Pj
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) ,<F =\G_f
8)most important of all, moreover, finally S!<
YVQq
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) G\G TS}u[
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) /
pzdX%7
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 k@U8K(:x
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: ;LE4U OK
I cannot bear it. /%9D$\
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it.
4s nL((
I want it. \O5`R-
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. $ysemDq-a\
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 I&~kwOP
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, {'VP_ZS1v
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital "a))TV%N
之类的形象词。再比如: 1>P[3Y@}
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room s. I%[kada
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room &v|Uy}h&%1
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room H-A?F^#
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room ^Gt&c_gH
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room P'.MwS
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 M#X8Rs1`
1)加法(串联) P8!O
N=
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, >QO^h<.>
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: }U3+xl6g
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. O 4zD
>O
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: m=D2|WA8
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. .GcIwP'aU-
其它的短语可以用: ,5oe8\uz
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover Z`x|\j
I
2)转折(拐弯抹角) 0WT]fY?IS
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 su;u_rc,
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. 0_'(w;!wq:
The coat was thin, but it was warm. .nN=M>#/
更多的短语: S3#NGBZ/
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, np2oXg%
despite, notwithstanding Mo?eVtZ
3)因果(so, so, so) $A~UA
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! a&:1W83
The snow began to fall, so we went home. ,=sbK?&
更多短语: A!EmJ
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a g4b-~1[S
result, for this reason, so that ?88k`T'EI
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) - 7MR2)U
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 |OW/-&)
举例:This is what I can do. k(hYNmmo
j
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. @ig'CF%(
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: &gF*p
When to go, Why he goes away… ,RmXZnWY
5)附加(多此一举) zED#+-7
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 NUxOU>f
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. U@t"o3E
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. ^gw htnI
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. tG8)!
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom SZUhZI
z&
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 u&4CXv=
6)排比(排山倒海句) Q`?+w+y7
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! /zt9;^e
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated
Zl
,c+/
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. X;2I'
Kg
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such a[e&O&Z
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean +IS+!K0?)
tides. S8=Am7D]
1
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, b5!\"v4c
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) l>(
w]
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 Lj]I7ICNh
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! }s*H|z
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: 01N]|F:
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb U2Uf69R
the Western Hills. Tbf@qid e
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about WUC-*(
three times that of China. [_$r- FA
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! wEQ7=Gy
x
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 xg:r5Z/|)
Cx
N]fo
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! /5x~3~
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted sObH#/l`
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as ;Avz%2#c`
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. C(=$0FIR
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will 8|
-j]
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the g]fds Zv
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. |3Fo4K%+
更多句型: cpIFjb>u{
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, >"OwdAvX
for example二、做比较 3CKd[=-Z
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; y_s^dQe
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through \+?>KpE,b
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: 4t C-msTf
相似的比较: t:N
YsL
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner +*W9*gl
相反的比较: n]G_#
;
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, iRbTH}4i
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, Sckt gp8
…三、换言之 1 #zIAN>
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 .=~-sj@k
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! t;3n
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. "8.to=Lx
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love /~8<;N>,+
with you. : ~RY
或者上面我们举过的例子: A:-M RhE9X
I cannot bear it. >5O#_?
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. bOB<m4
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with [Iwb7a0p
it or I am fed up with it. _v[yY3=3
更多短语: t PJW|wo
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more $]
gwaJ:
simply