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考博英语写作技巧
本来想上传附件大家下载的 可是没有找到怎么传 只好贴上来给大家看看了 希望能有用!
开头万能公式:[font=ˎ̥] !s^[|2D_U
[font=ˎ̥]1.[font=ˎ̥] 开头万能公式一:名人名言[font=ˎ̥] pW4O[v` 有人问了,[font=ˎ̥]“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?[font=ˎ̥]”,很好办:编![font=ˎ̥] s!73To}> 原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧?[font=ˎ̥] 813t=A 经典句型:[font=ˎ̥] vw~=z6Ka A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)[font=ˎ̥] (#e,tu It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. wWYo\WH' (适用于自编名言)[font=ˎ̥] cQzUR^oq, 更多经典句型:[font=ˎ̥] ZuLW%z. As everyone knows, No one can deny that… wXR7Ifrv 2.[font=ˎ̥] 开头万能公式二:数字统计[font=ˎ̥] 5,_DM
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。[font=ˎ̥] "!S7D>2y# 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型:[font=ˎ̥] %2@O,uCo@ According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college ,gO(zI-1 students wanted to further their study after their graduation. E$"`|D
f 看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造:[font=ˎ̥]
Cl>|*h+m Honesty "?AJ(>wP 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中[font=ˎ̥]78%都是假的。[font=ˎ̥] ]]Fe:> Travel by Bike f7_V ] 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,[font=ˎ̥]85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。[font=ˎ̥] `G'Z,P-a Youth |=u
}1G? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的[font=ˎ̥]70%都是在休闲娱乐。[font=ˎ̥] t) uS7y Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? -|DBO0q 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,[font=ˎ̥]98%的人同意每周五天工作日。[font=ˎ̥] g0-~%A, 更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] STjk<DP( A recent statistics shows that … Xmny(j)g
结尾万能公式:[font=ˎ̥] GMKY1{
[font=ˎ̥]1.[font=ˎ̥] 结尾万能公式一:如此结论[font=ˎ̥] o_C]O" 说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个[font=ˎ̥]“总而言之[font=ˎ̥]”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子:[font=ˎ̥] /Ue_1Efa Obviously(此为过渡短语)[font=ˎ̥], we can draw the conclusion that good c#zx" ,K manners arise from politeness and respect for others. ,a34=, 如果读者很难[font=ˎ̥]“显而见之[font=ˎ̥]”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了![font=ˎ̥] =
#T3p9 更多过渡短语:[font=ˎ̥]
YZy%]i=1 to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus e_+SBN1`P& 更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] h f{RI 4Jc Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… BHf7\+Ul 2.[font=ˎ̥] 结尾万能公式二:如此建议[font=ˎ̥] cqG&n0
zb 如果说[font=ˎ̥]“如此结论[font=ˎ̥]”是结尾最没用的废话,那么[font=ˎ̥]“如此建议[font=ˎ̥]”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽![font=ˎ̥] x/L(0z Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve !j%#7 the problem. ` InBhU> 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢?[font=ˎ̥] 8}Cp(z2 更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] O`f[9^fN Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. a v"dJm Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be =X3Rk)2r taken. F;8
Uvj 写作的[font=ˎ̥]“七项基本原则[font=ˎ̥]”:一、[font=ˎ̥] 长[font=ˎ̥] 短[font=ˎ̥] 句原则[font=ˎ̥] |xFSGrC
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:[font=ˎ̥] FO:k
>F As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is 534DAhpD=. to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to *?~&O.R" satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite :Izdj*HL;A similar. `s8!zy+ 如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记![font=ˎ̥]
~j yl 强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、[font=ˎ̥] k;f%OQsF_ 主[font=ˎ̥] 题[font=ˎ̥] 句原则[font=ˎ̥] AvcN, 国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成[font=ˎ̥]“群龙无首[font=ˎ̥]”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事![font=ˎ̥] MI,kKi 特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的![font=ˎ̥] &%;K_asV; To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully BM[jF=0 prepared before the exam(主题句)[font=ˎ̥]. Without sufficient preparation, FvVM}l' you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、[font=ˎ̥] \<%?=C'w~ 一[font=ˎ̥] 二[font=ˎ̥] 三原则[font=ˎ̥] qa,i:T(w 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点[font=ˎ̥]… /TScYE:$HE 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的[font=ˎ̥]“标签[font=ˎ̥]”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。[font=ˎ̥] <xh";seL 1)[font=ˎ̥]first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] 64l(ru< 2)[font=ˎ̥]firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] zhVkn]z~* 3)[font=ˎ̥]the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] QFU1l"(qGk 4)[font=ˎ̥]in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, /JQY_>@W lastly(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] \*\ )zj*r 5)[font=ˎ̥]to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] QBLha']'% 6)[font=ˎ̥]to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] (
tQ0-=z 7)[font=ˎ̥]first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] ]]50c 8)[font=ˎ̥]most important of all, moreover, finally .$-GGvN] 9)[font=ˎ̥]on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)[font=ˎ̥] j'q Iq;y 10)[font=ˎ̥]for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)[font=ˎ̥] gUrXaD# 建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、[font=ˎ̥] 短语优先原则[font=ˎ̥] i|CAN,' 写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点[font=ˎ̥]—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:[font=ˎ̥] kB=\
a( I cannot bear it. F1NYpCR 可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥]I cannot put up with it. !T~C =,; I want it. Iz9b5 可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥]I am looking forward to it. HBcL1wfS 这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、[font=ˎ̥] 多实少虚原则[font=ˎ̥] \kG;T=H 原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说[font=ˎ̥]nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如[font=ˎ̥]generous, s]2_d|Y humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital M6H#Y2!ZbC 之类的形象词。再比如:[font=ˎ̥] CQ:38l\`gd 走出房间,[font=ˎ̥]general的词是:[font=ˎ̥]walk out of the room a
G\ 但是小偷走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]slip out of the room X*e<g= *****走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]sail out of the room /Gvd5 小孩走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]dance out of the room |yVveJ 老人走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]stagger out of the room [6f(3|" 所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、[font=ˎ̥] 多变句式原则[font=ˎ̥] fm$)?E_Rp 1)加法(串联)[font=ˎ̥] Hg2Rcl 都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加[font=ˎ̥]and, LuvRxmQ` 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:[font=ˎ̥] !Hx[
`3 I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. LyG&FOf? 如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:[font=ˎ̥]
ws< (LH Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 67A g.f6- 其它的短语可以用:[font=ˎ̥] w=QW8
q?
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover ##BfI`FJ 2)转折(拐弯抹角)[font=ˎ̥] ")D5ulb\ 批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。[font=ˎ̥] cA{7
*=G? The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. u:M)JG The coat was thin, but it was warm. PAS0 D
# 更多的短语:[font=ˎ̥] bz|-x
"qk despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, 2JL\1=k; despite, notwithstanding |:,i 3)因果([font=ˎ̥]so, so, so)[font=ˎ̥] _ls i,kg? 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友[font=ˎ̥]…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系![font=ˎ̥] d'k99(vy The snow began to fall, so we went home. ^!rAT1(/_ 更多短语:[font=ˎ̥] "I0F"nQ then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a <3!Q Xc result, for this reason, so that
1fqJtP6 4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)[font=ˎ̥] )6*)u/x: 有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。[font=ˎ̥] L)X[$: 举例:[font=ˎ̥]This is what I can do. 5F$~ZDu Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. ^=[b]
*V 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:[font=ˎ̥] /Jf}~}JP When to go, Why he goes away… x};sti R 5)附加(多此一举)[font=ˎ̥] Y(B3M=j 如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。[font=ˎ̥] I6Ga'5bV The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. /@Ec[4^=!. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. [Zne19/ Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. f"R'Q|7D 其实很简单,同位语[font=ˎ̥]--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句[font=ˎ̥]—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是[font=ˎ̥]whom /wU4^8Hz or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。[font=ˎ̥] N2.Ym;^ 6)排比(排山倒海句)[font=ˎ̥] 11?d,6Jl 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势![font=ˎ̥] I R~szUY6 Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated eS/Au[wS or simple, there is plenty in London for you. !OV+=Rwdx Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such '$5Qdaj as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean n;e.N:p tides. EIF"{,m We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, ''H;/&nDX to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏)[font=ˎ̥] 6[Wv g 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、[font=ˎ̥] 挑战极限原则[font=ˎ̥] H1r8n$h 既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀![font=ˎ̥] b}!
T!IP} 原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上[font=ˎ̥]5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如:[font=ˎ̥] `\yQn7 Oq The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb LAY~hF" the Western Hills. h-6x! 6pm Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about (BGflb three times that of China. B^Hhrz! 如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪![font=ˎ̥] a xz-H`oq4 文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例[font=ˎ̥] %R P\,|
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子![font=ˎ̥] lX64IvG8+o In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted H18pVh every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as gwDVWhq sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. YL/B7^fd8 For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will H3+P;2{ ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the :
kvQ3E0 seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. K{0 gkORF 更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] 0~BZh%s< ( To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, EzU3'x for example二、做比较[font=ˎ̥] Q-KBQc 方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的;[font=ˎ̥] |xrnLdng0R 世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点([font=ˎ̥] through P98g2ak comparison)和不同点([font=ˎ̥] through contrast)。下面是一些短语:[font=ˎ̥] s#FX2r3=Fg 相似的比较:[font=ˎ̥] yC[Q-P *rG in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner {T 3~js 相反的比较:[font=ˎ̥] p21li}Iu on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, R]0tG
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, V`}u:t7r …三、换言之[font=ˎ̥] 3x>Y 没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。[font=ˎ̥] nZ[`Yrq)0 实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字[font=ˎ̥] I love you! bT`et*] I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. e?:1wU I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love .gY=<bG/fA with you. *9(E0" 或者上面我们举过的例子:[font=ˎ̥] DK1{Z;Z I cannot bear it. 0P;\ :-&p 可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥] I cannot put up with it. j+Q+.39s-~ 因此可以这样说:[font=ˎ̥] I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with Y^eF( it or I am fed up with it. Z9j`<VgN
更多短语:[font=ˎ̥] 0B"_St}3D in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more 8d(l)[GZt simply
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