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楼主  发表于: 2009-10-16   

考博英语写作技巧

本来想上传附件大家下载的 可是没有找到怎么传 只好贴上来给大家看看了 希望能有用!
开头万能公式:[font=ˎ̥] }}<^f M  
[font=ˎ̥]1.[font=ˎ̥] 开头万能公式一:名人名言[font=ˎ̥] r+>gIX+Fl  
有人问了,[font=ˎ̥]“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?[font=ˎ̥]”,很好办:编![font=ˎ̥] R,8;GS42  
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧?[font=ˎ̥] o!:   
经典句型:[font=ˎ̥] "d% o%  
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”
(适用于已记住的名言)[font=ˎ̥] "_W[X  
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. #mFIZMTRd  
(适用于自编名言)[font=ˎ̥] `@RTfBB g  
更多经典句型:[font=ˎ̥] tw,uV)xm  
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… ) vn {?Ulj  
2
.[font=ˎ̥] 开头万能公式二:数字统计[font=ˎ̥] 0.+MlyA  
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。[font=ˎ̥] >4 VN1 ^  
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型:[font=ˎ̥] KSz;D+L \  
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college *mby fu0q  
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. }Y:V&4DW  
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造:[font=ˎ̥] fS?}(7  
Honesty E%LUJx}  
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中[font=ˎ̥]78%都是假的。[font=ˎ̥] 9(6f:D  
Travel by Bike a5cary Z"z  
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,[font=ˎ̥]85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。[font=ˎ̥] ~bf4_5  
Youth jl9hFubwW  
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的[font=ˎ̥]70%都是在休闲娱乐。[font=ˎ̥] 4  K5  
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 0Xb,ne 7  
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,[font=ˎ̥]98%的人同意每周五天工作日。[font=ˎ̥] Np7+g`nG  
更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] 8wV`mdKN  
A recent statistics shows that … :er(YWF:  
结尾万能公式:[font=ˎ̥] ,<k%'a!B  
[font=ˎ̥]1.[font=ˎ̥] 结尾万能公式一:如此结论[font=ˎ̥] qA0PGo  
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个[font=ˎ̥]“总而言之[font=ˎ̥]”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子:[font=ˎ̥] &+ "<ia(  
Obviously
(此为过渡短语)[font=ˎ̥], we can draw the conclusion that good -U*J5Q  
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. pu~b\&^G  
如果读者很难[font=ˎ̥]“显而见之[font=ˎ̥]”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了![font=ˎ̥] ncqAof(/  
更多过渡短语:[font=ˎ̥] F Y<Q|Ov  
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus pT{is.RM  
更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] {xx}xib3  
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… q #mBNe62p  
2
.[font=ˎ̥] 结尾万能公式二:如此建议[font=ˎ̥] {0~\T[qm  
如果说[font=ˎ̥]“如此结论[font=ˎ̥]”是结尾最没用的废话,那么[font=ˎ̥]“如此建议[font=ˎ̥]”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽![font=ˎ̥] \3OEC`  
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve BmKf%:l}  
the problem. UB/"&I uo  
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢?[font=ˎ̥] <8(=Lv`)q  
更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] )$RV)  
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. .W^B(y(tA  
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be nfbR"E jXr  
taken. ugNt7P,^  
写作的[font=ˎ̥]“七项基本原则[font=ˎ̥]”:一、[font=ˎ̥] 长[font=ˎ̥] 短[font=ˎ̥] 句原则[font=ˎ̥] GF6o  
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:[font=ˎ̥] "MU-&**  
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is &#L C'  
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to O 2 -n-  
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite rCwE$5 b  
similar. >ei~:z]R  
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记![font=ˎ̥] :h5G|^  
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、[font=ˎ̥] 5mQ@&E~#W  
主[font=ˎ̥] 题[font=ˎ̥] 句原则[font=ˎ̥] ("\{=XA Q  
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成[font=ˎ̥]“群龙无首[font=ˎ̥]”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事![font=ˎ̥] hH 5}%/vF  
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的![font=ˎ̥] VE-l6@`  
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully ~4khIz  
prepared before the exam
(主题句)[font=ˎ̥]. Without sufficient preparation, j1KNgAo<4  
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、[font=ˎ̥] PQDLbSe)\  
一[font=ˎ̥] 二[font=ˎ̥] 三原则[font=ˎ̥] O`c+y  
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点[font=ˎ̥]… &EqLF  
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的[font=ˎ̥]“标签[font=ˎ̥]”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。[font=ˎ̥] (/uAn2  
1
)[font=ˎ̥]first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] U xBd14-R_  
2
)[font=ˎ̥]firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] LP6 p  
3
)[font=ˎ̥]the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] 7Y9#y{v1  
4
)[font=ˎ̥]in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, }9+;-*m/  
lastly
(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] eJ99W=  
5
)[font=ˎ̥]to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] *{3d+j/?/  
6
)[font=ˎ̥]to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] o5bp~.m<  
7
)[font=ˎ̥]first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] ZU73UL  
8
)[font=ˎ̥]most important of all, moreover, finally se\fbe^0  
9
)[font=ˎ̥]on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)[font=ˎ̥] >G:Q/3jh  
10
)[font=ˎ̥]for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)[font=ˎ̥] Z1eT> 6|]r  
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、[font=ˎ̥] 短语优先原则[font=ˎ̥] tw_o?9  
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点[font=ˎ̥]—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:[font=ˎ̥] Wd:pqhLh  
I cannot bear it. $Z:O&sD{  
可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥]I cannot put up with it. QWk3y" 5n<  
I want it. rP:g `?*V  
可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥]I am looking forward to it. C( ij_>  
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、[font=ˎ̥] 多实少虚原则[font=ˎ̥] {V6&((E8  
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说[font=ˎ̥]nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如[font=ˎ̥]generous, /K#k_k  
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 8:$h &aBI  
之类的形象词。再比如:[font=ˎ̥] <0})%V?-  
走出房间,[font=ˎ̥]general的词是:[font=ˎ̥]walk out of the room oX|T&"&  
但是小偷走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]slip out of the room +/ZIs|B4,z  
*****走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]sail out of the room  r{;NGQYs  
小孩走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]dance out of the room (xHmucmwp  
老人走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]stagger out of the room =rA?,74  
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、[font=ˎ̥] 多变句式原则[font=ˎ̥]  T Rv  
1
)加法(串联)[font=ˎ̥] jE*{^+n  
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加[font=ˎ̥]and, Az&>.*  
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:[font=ˎ̥] 1&|]8=pG7  
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. /65YHXg,  
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:[font=ˎ̥] YvJFZ_faX  
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 24 [KGp  
其它的短语可以用:[font=ˎ̥] duaF?\vv  
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover S(gr>eC5  
2
)转折(拐弯抹角)[font=ˎ̥] o701RG ~)  
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。[font=ˎ̥] "w:h  
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. @ap!3o8,9  
The coat was thin, but it was warm. > Vm}u`x  
更多的短语:[font=ˎ̥] =\<NTu  
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, 1SExl U  
despite, notwithstanding UY3)6}g6  
3
)因果([font=ˎ̥]so, so, so)[font=ˎ̥] +F)EGB%LXs  
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友[font=ˎ̥]…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系![font=ˎ̥] &;DCN  
The snow began to fall, so we went home. $gl|^c\  
更多短语:[font=ˎ̥] Z>g72I%X  
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a ZFtx&vr P  
result, for this reason, so that cfTT7O#Dc  
4
)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)[font=ˎ̥] xrf|c  
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。[font=ˎ̥] ,;pUBrz/[  
举例:[font=ˎ̥]This is what I can do. jj{:=l ZB  
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. Xh8U}w<k6  
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:[font=ˎ̥] fEBi'Ad  
When to go, Why he goes away… QNb Z)  
5
)附加(多此一举)[font=ˎ̥] sl$6Zv-l%0  
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。[font=ˎ̥] <Y`(J#  
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. e|tx`yA  
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. 1)~|{X+~  
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. gt8dFcm|s  
其实很简单,同位语[font=ˎ̥]--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句[font=ˎ̥]—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是[font=ˎ̥]whom n*[ZS[I  
or that
关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。[font=ˎ̥] ja9u?UbW  
6
)排比(排山倒海句)[font=ˎ̥] XJo.^<m  
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势![font=ˎ̥] v~OMm \  
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated "mn?*  
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. `oMZ9Gq2E  
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such Xm,fyk>  
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean B 2NI V7  
tides. G ]h  
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, ? l~qb]._  
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.
(气势恢宏)[font=ˎ̥] FRxR/3&  
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、[font=ˎ̥] 挑战极限原则[font=ˎ̥] GbLHzw   
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀![font=ˎ̥] >~ *wPoW  
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上[font=ˎ̥]5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如:[font=ˎ̥] Tv#d>ZSD  
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb {>km]CG  
the Western Hills. @v`.^L{P  
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about f%PLR9Nh5@  
three times that of China. GG%;~4#2  
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪![font=ˎ̥] <<-L,0  
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例[font=ˎ̥] 4M%|N  
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子![font=ˎ̥] TFOx=_.%i  
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted ^U?Ac=  
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as y f*'=q  
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. </'n={+q  
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will |fyzb=Lg  
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the Jt}`oFQ5l  
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. i+(>w'=m  
更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] 6*B%3\z)  
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, E-^(VZ_Xj  
for example
二、做比较[font=ˎ̥] +8xT}mX  
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的;[font=ˎ̥] bLS10^g5  
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点([font=ˎ̥]through y_>DszRN`u  
comparison
)和不同点([font=ˎ̥]through contrast)。下面是一些短语:[font=ˎ̥] CF3x\6.q}  
相似的比较:[font=ˎ̥] LL);Ym9d  
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner db_Qt'>  
相反的比较:[font=ˎ̥] ^X6e\]yj  
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, !\|  
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, Ae=JG8Ht~  
…
三、换言之[font=ˎ̥] xtCMK1# x  
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。[font=ˎ̥] gJp6ReZ#  
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字[font=ˎ̥] I love you! : ' 5J[]J  
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. /":/DwI'   
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love j=U"t\{  
with you. q.R(>ZcV  
或者上面我们举过的例子:[font=ˎ̥] R`$Y]@i&B  
I cannot bear it. ?7pn%_S  
可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥]I cannot put up with it. YJ6:O{AL1  
因此可以这样说:[font=ˎ̥]I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with k?Hd W(HA  
it or I am fed up with it. SVZ@'X\[M  
更多短语:[font=ˎ̥] y$nI? :d  
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more dh%O {t  
simply
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沙发  发表于: 2009-10-26   
谢谢分享,顶一下哈
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板凳  发表于: 2010-03-05   
谢谢,好资料啊
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