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考博英语写作技巧
本来想上传附件大家下载的 可是没有找到怎么传 只好贴上来给大家看看了 希望能有用!
开头万能公式:[font=ˎ̥] }}<^fM
[font=ˎ̥]1.[font=ˎ̥] 开头万能公式一:名人名言[font=ˎ̥] r+>gIX+Fl 有人问了,[font=ˎ̥]“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?[font=ˎ̥]”,很好办:编![font=ˎ̥] R,8;GS42 原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧?[font=ˎ̥] o!: 经典句型:[font=ˎ̥] "d%o% A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)[font=ˎ̥] "_W[X It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. #mFIZMTRd (适用于自编名言)[font=ˎ̥] `@RTfBBg 更多经典句型:[font=ˎ̥] tw,uV)xm As everyone knows, No one can deny that… )vn{?Ulj 2.[font=ˎ̥] 开头万能公式二:数字统计[font=ˎ̥] 0.+MlyA 原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。[font=ˎ̥] >4
VN1^ 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型:[font=ˎ̥] KSz;D+L\ According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college *mby fu0q students wanted to further their study after their graduation. }Y:V&4DW 看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造:[font=ˎ̥] fS?}(7 Honesty E%LUJx} 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中[font=ˎ̥]78%都是假的。[font=ˎ̥] 9(6f:D Travel by Bike a5caryZ"z 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,[font=ˎ̥]85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。[font=ˎ̥] ~bf4_5 Youth jl9hFubwW 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的[font=ˎ̥]70%都是在休闲娱乐。[font=ˎ̥] 4
K5 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 0Xb,ne
7 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,[font=ˎ̥]98%的人同意每周五天工作日。[font=ˎ̥] Np7+g`nG 更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] 8wV`mdKN A recent statistics shows that … :er(YWF:
结尾万能公式:[font=ˎ̥] ,<k%'a!B
[font=ˎ̥]1.[font=ˎ̥] 结尾万能公式一:如此结论[font=ˎ̥] qA0PGo 说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个[font=ˎ̥]“总而言之[font=ˎ̥]”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子:[font=ˎ̥] &+ "<ia( Obviously(此为过渡短语)[font=ˎ̥], we can draw the conclusion that good -U*J5Q manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
pu~b\&^G 如果读者很难[font=ˎ̥]“显而见之[font=ˎ̥]”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了![font=ˎ̥] ncqAof(/ 更多过渡短语:[font=ˎ̥] FY<Q|Ov to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus pT{is.RM 更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] {xx}xib3 Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… q
#mBNe62p 2.[font=ˎ̥] 结尾万能公式二:如此建议[font=ˎ̥] {0~\ T[qm 如果说[font=ˎ̥]“如此结论[font=ˎ̥]”是结尾最没用的废话,那么[font=ˎ̥]“如此建议[font=ˎ̥]”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽![font=ˎ̥] \3OEC` Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve BmKf%:l} the problem. UB/"&I uo 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢?[font=ˎ̥] <8(=Lv`)q 更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] )$RV) Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. .W^B(y(tA Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be nfbR"E
jXr taken. ugN t7P,^ 写作的[font=ˎ̥]“七项基本原则[font=ˎ̥]”:一、[font=ˎ̥] 长[font=ˎ̥] 短[font=ˎ̥] 句原则[font=ˎ̥] GF6 o
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:[font=ˎ̥] "MU-&** As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is &#L C' to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to O 2
-n- satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite rCwE$5
b similar. >ei~:z]R 如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记![font=ˎ̥] :h5G|^
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、[font=ˎ̥] 5mQ@&E~#W 主[font=ˎ̥] 题[font=ˎ̥] 句原则[font=ˎ̥] ("\{=XAQ 国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成[font=ˎ̥]“群龙无首[font=ˎ̥]”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事![font=ˎ̥] hH 5}%/vF 特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的![font=ˎ̥] VE-l6@` To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully ~4khIz prepared before the exam(主题句)[font=ˎ̥]. Without sufficient preparation, j1KNgAo<4 you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、[font=ˎ̥] PQDLbSe)\ 一[font=ˎ̥] 二[font=ˎ̥] 三原则[font=ˎ̥] O`c+y 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点[font=ˎ̥]… &EqLF 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的[font=ˎ̥]“标签[font=ˎ̥]”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。[font=ˎ̥] (/uAn2 1)[font=ˎ̥]first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] U xBd14-R_ 2)[font=ˎ̥]firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] LP6p 3)[font=ˎ̥]the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] 7Y9#y{v1 4)[font=ˎ̥]in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, }9+;-*m/ lastly(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] eJ99 W= 5)[font=ˎ̥]to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] *{3d+j/?/ 6)[font=ˎ̥]to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] o5bp~.m<
7)[font=ˎ̥]first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] ZU73UL 8)[font=ˎ̥]most important of all, moreover, finally se\f be ^0 9)[font=ˎ̥]on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)[font=ˎ̥] >G:Q/3jh 10)[font=ˎ̥]for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)[font=ˎ̥] Z1eT>6|]r 建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、[font=ˎ̥] 短语优先原则[font=ˎ̥] tw_o?9 写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点[font=ˎ̥]—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:[font=ˎ̥] Wd:pqhLh I cannot bear it. $Z:O&sD{ 可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥]I cannot put up with it. QWk3y"
5n< I want it. rP:g
`?*V 可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥]I am looking forward to it. C(
ij_> 这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、[font=ˎ̥] 多实少虚原则[font=ˎ̥] {V6&((E8 原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说[font=ˎ̥]nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如[font=ˎ̥]generous, /K#k_k humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 8:$h
&aBI 之类的形象词。再比如:[font=ˎ̥] <0})%V?- 走出房间,[font=ˎ̥]general的词是:[font=ˎ̥]walk out of the room oX|T&"& 但是小偷走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]slip out of the room +/ZIs|B4,z *****走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]sail out of the room r{;NGQYs 小孩走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]dance out of the room (xHmucmwp 老人走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]stagger out of the room =rA?,74 所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、[font=ˎ̥] 多变句式原则[font=ˎ̥] T Rv 1)加法(串联)[font=ˎ̥] jE*{^+n
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加[font=ˎ̥]and, Az&>.* 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:[font=ˎ̥] 1&|]8=pG7 I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. /65YHXg, 如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:[font=ˎ̥] YvJFZ_faX Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 24 [KGp 其它的短语可以用:[font=ˎ̥] dua F?\vv besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover S(gr>eC5 2)转折(拐弯抹角)[font=ˎ̥] o701RG~) 批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。[font=ˎ̥] "w:h The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.
@ap!3o8,9 The coat was thin, but it was warm. > Vm}u`x 更多的短语:[font=ˎ̥] =\<NTu despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, 1SExlU despite, notwithstanding
UY3)6}g6 3)因果([font=ˎ̥]so, so, so)[font=ˎ̥] +F)EGB%LXs 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友[font=ˎ̥]…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系![font=ˎ̥] &;DCN The snow began to fall, so we went home. $gl|^c\ 更多短语:[font=ˎ̥] Z>g72I%X then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a ZFtx&vrP result, for this reason, so that cfTT7O#Dc 4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)[font=ˎ̥] xrf|c 有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。[font=ˎ̥] ,;pUBrz/[ 举例:[font=ˎ̥]This is what I can do. jj{:=lZB Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. Xh8U}w<k6 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:[font=ˎ̥] fEBi'Ad When to go, Why he goes away… QNb
Z) 5)附加(多此一举)[font=ˎ̥] sl$6Zv-l%0 如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。[font=ˎ̥] <Y`(J# The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. e|tx`yA I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. 1)~|{X+~ Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. gt8dFcm|s 其实很简单,同位语[font=ˎ̥]--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句[font=ˎ̥]—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是[font=ˎ̥]whom n*[ZS[I or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。[font=ˎ̥] ja9u?UbW 6)排比(排山倒海句)[font=ˎ̥] XJo.^<m 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势![font=ˎ̥] v~OMm\ Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated "mn?* or simple, there is plenty in London for you. `oMZ9Gq2E Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such Xm,fyk> as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean B2NI
V7 tides. G ]h We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, ?l~qb]._ to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏)[font=ˎ̥] FRxR/3& 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、[font=ˎ̥] 挑战极限原则[font=ˎ̥] GbLHzw
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀![font=ˎ̥] >~ *wPoW 原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上[font=ˎ̥]5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如:[font=ˎ̥] Tv#d>ZSD The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb {>km]CG the Western Hills. @v`.^L{P Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about f%PLR9Nh5@ three times that of China. GG%;~4#2 如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪![font=ˎ̥] <<-L,0 文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例[font=ˎ̥] 4M%|N
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子![font=ˎ̥] TFOx=_.%i In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted ^U?Ac= every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as y
f*'=q sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. </'n={+q For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will |fyzb=Lg ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the Jt}`oFQ5l seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. i+(>w'=m 更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] 6*B%3\z) To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, E-^(VZ_Xj for example二、做比较[font=ˎ̥] +8xT}mX 方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的;[font=ˎ̥] bLS10^g5 世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点([font=ˎ̥] through y_>DszRN`u comparison)和不同点([font=ˎ̥] through contrast)。下面是一些短语:[font=ˎ̥] CF3x\6.q} 相似的比较:[font=ˎ̥] LL);Ym9d in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner db_Qt' > 相反的比较:[font=ˎ̥] ^X6e\]yj on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, !\| nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, Ae=JG8Ht~
…三、换言之[font=ˎ̥] xtCMK1#
x 没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。[font=ˎ̥] gJp6ReZ# 实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字[font=ˎ̥] I love you! :
' 5J[]J I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. /":/DwI' I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love j=U"t\{ with you. q.R(>ZcV 或者上面我们举过的例子:[font=ˎ̥] R`$Y]@i&B I cannot bear it. ?7pn%_S 可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥] I cannot put up with it. YJ6:O{AL1 因此可以这样说:[font=ˎ̥] I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with k?Hd
W(HA
it or I am fed up with it. SVZ@'X\[M 更多短语:[font=ˎ̥] y$nI?
:d in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more dh%O {t simply
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