考生须知：
\UBQ:+3 一、本试卷由试卷一(PAPER ONE)和试卷二(PAPER TWO)两部分组成。试卷一为客观题，答卷使用标准化机读答题纸；试卷二为主观题，答卷使用非机读答题纸。
V tJy E} 二、请考生一律用HB或2B铅笔填涂标准化机读答题纸，画线不得过细或过短。修改时请用橡皮擦拭干净。若因填涂不符合要求而导致计算机无法识别，责任由考生自负。请保持机读答题纸清洁、无折皱。答题纸切忌折叠。
XGMO~8 3 三、全部考试时间总计180分钟，满分为100分。时间及分值分布如下：
g=x1}nm 试卷一：
_ hs\"
W Ⅰ词汇 15分钟 10分
uM('R;<^ Ⅱ完形填空 15分钟 15分
Zywx.@! Ⅲ阅读 80分钟 40分
%& b70]S( 小计 110分钟 65分
$+@xwuY'+ 试卷二：
.?p\=
C@C+ Ⅳ英译汉 30分钟 15分
TeWpdUCO Ⅴ写作 40分钟 20分
#gY|T| 小计 70分钟 35分
lF.y
Q THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FOR DOCTORAL CANDIDATES
mY,t]#^m7 October 2005(A)
Ve^rzGU PAPER ONE
"4e{Cq PART Ⅰ VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)
1#
X*kF Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
qI#ow_lL# 1. Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature to protect the dolphins.
/f)
#CR0$ A.reservation B. rescue C. reserve D. refugee
RTRi{p 2. Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that this will the memory of the passers-by.
SHT ^Etri A. keep B. ease C. jog D. enhance
cWNWgdk,`V 3. Diamonds have little value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.
bjYaJ tn A. intricate B. intact C. intriguing D. intrinsic
rYw UD7ip 4. At the moment she is the netball match between the Japanese team and the Cuban team over at the playing field.
O)Mf/P' A. arbitrating B. intervening C. refereeing D. deciding
!_SIq`5]@ 5. Any time , any period of waiting is because you haven’t come and received the message.
bem-T`>' A. error B. cut C. lack D. lag
Yl$Cj>FG 6. James Joyce was as the greatest writer of the 20th century.
R x.]m0 A. saluted B. estimated C. scaled D. measured
aj)?P
7. As a moralist, Virginia Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores,mocking, suggesting, and calling values into question asserting, advocating or bearing witness.
&b7 i> () A. rather than B. other than C. together with D. as well as
U?d4 ^ 8. Scientists hope the collision will produce a large crater in the comet’s surface in order to reveal the core and give some to the origin of the solar system.
Yab=p
9V;; A. sources B. interpretations C. clues D. observations
lTn~VsoRZ 9. The Japanese Prime Minister’s is a seat on the UN Security Council, for which he will be lobbying at the summit.
{IpIQ-@ l A. precedence B. promise C. priority D. procedure
,Y3wXmG 10. This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growth was 12 percent.
)mb RG9P A. in case of B. in view of C. in face of D. in excess of
=YRN" 11. How well a person depends just as much on whether they’re self-confident as it does on particular skills and expertise.
oK3aW6 A. jumps out B. turns out C. covers up D. turns up
@ dF]X 12. The skin of the forest keeper exposure to the harsh northwest weather.
M?fRiOj A. is tanned from B. is colored from C. is tainted by D. is encoded by
+\ O[)\ 13. The Court of Auditors of the EU is an body and acts independently from all other institutions.
:xP$iEA`G A. indifferent B. imperative C. impartial D. incoherent
']]&<B}mz 14. Since it is too late to change my mind, I am to carrying out the plan.
t|Ipxk. ) A. committed B. obliged C. engaged D. resolved
q
T pvz 15. The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be .
:<$IGzw}. A. struck out B. left out C. ruled out D. counted out
\O7Vo<B&D 16. Hotels and restaurants are an part of the city; without them the city’s tourist industry cannot exist.
_,i+gI[ A. insignificant B. integral C. interior D. inevitable
K{s% h0 17. I reject any religious doctrine that does not to reason and is in conflict with morality.
%V CfcM}5I A. apply B. appeal C. attract D. attend
GK/Q]}Q8pZ 18. There are three bodies of writing that come to this question and we will consider each in turn.
<15 PO
B A. bear on B. sort out C. figure out D. put on
QF fK EMN 19. Success does not in never making mistakes but in never making the same one a second time.
Ph&fOj=pFb A. comprise B. convey C. consist D. conform
iWN-X
( 20. Thousands perished, but the Japanese wished to the extent of the cruel acts committed by their soldiers.
K~# wvUb A. live up to B. mark down C. size up D. play down
$.z~bmH"D PART Ⅱ CLOZE TEST (is minutes, 15 points)
[?$ | Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
L#`9# Q Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen or something has already happened that needs
21 . A feeling of distress is good when it keeps us from
22 our own values. It serves a useful function. Here is a(n)
23 : If a fire broke out in someone’s home
24 faulty wiring, he would not be content with
25 putting out the fire.
26 , he would have the house rewired. When we feel guilty about something, we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent a
27 .
yq ?_#r Unhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal with a situation. A person with
28 self-esteem may react to feelings of guilt in one of two ways:
29 that he has done wrong in order to protect his fragile ego; or experience the feeling as a
30 that he is just an unworthy person. An example involves the case of Mr.L. He has a
31 with Mr. Y and exchanges angry words. Later that day, Mr. Y gets sick. Mr. L may feel that he was the
32 of Mr. Y’s misfortune. Mr. L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his angry feelings caused the misfortune. This is irrational thinking and is
33 of pathological guilt.
$pT%7jV} When people do research on a particular challenge and make a decision, the decision may
34 unfavorable consequences. Feeling distress and pain is normal. However, feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the consequences is unhealthy. As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with good intent, then the person remains morally right
35 having made the decision. There is no reason for guilt.
'ZHu=UT7_ 21. A. connection B. correction C. recovery D. repetition
B9 Dh^9?L 22. A. underestimating B. displaying C. violating D. deteriorating
3P onF4 23. A. hypothesis B. definition C. experiment D. analogy
E00zf3Jgv' 24. A. due to B. but for C. with D. under
G = 8w9-Ww 25. A. devotedly B. primarily C. timely D. merely
lbES9o5 26. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Anyway D. Consequently
@HfWA FT 27. A. distress B. renewal C. conflict D. recurrence
sQA{[l!aj 28. A. low B. exalted C. sincere D. much
LC/w".oq? 29. A. Imply B. Admit C. Deny D. Argue
~?}/L'q!b 30. A. prescription B. communication C. confirmation D. perception
ndm19M8Y| 31. A. contact B. disagreement C. relationship D. concern
;UgRm# 32. A. cause B. origin C. cure D. witness
bH 41#B 33. A. record B. proof C. evidence D. description
y0qE::/H$ 34. A. attach to B. turn to C. lead to D. take to
9xg_M=72
35. A. at B. in C. as D. for
S iw9_c PART Ⅲ READING COMPREHENSION
%uGA + \b Section A (60 minutes, 30 points)
l\^q7cXG Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Z"gllpDr$ Passage One
]tZ 5XS Jeans were invented a little over a century ago and are currently the world’s most popular,versatile garment, crossing boundaries of class, age and nationality. From their origins as pure workwear, they have spread through every level of the fashion spectrum, and are embraced internationally for their unmatched comfort and appeal.
bIm$7a`T In the mid 1940s, the Second World War came to an end, and denim blue jeans, previously worn almost exclusively as workwear, gained a new status in the U.S. and Europe. Rugged but relaxed, they stood for freedom and a bright future. Sported by both men and women, by returning GI’s and sharp teenagers, they seemed as clean and strong as the people who chose to wear them. In Europe, surplus Levi’s were left behind by American armed forces and were available in limited supplies. It was the European population’s first introduction to the denim apparel. Workwear manufacturers tried to copy the U.S. originals, but those in the know insisted on the real thing.
FZ>*<& In the 1950s, Europe was exposed to a daring new style in music and movies and consequently jeans took on an aura of sex and rebellion. Rock’n’roll coming from America blazed a trail of defiance, and jeans became a symbol of the break with convention and rigid social mores. When Elvis Presley sang in "Jailhouse Rock," his denim prison uniform carried a potent, virile image.Girls swooned and guys were quick to copy the King. In movies like "The Wild One" and "Rebel Without a Cause," cult figures Marlon Brando and James Dean portrayed tough anti-heroes in jeans and T-shirts. Adults spurned the look; teenagers, even those who only wanted to look like rebels, embraced it.
u,F d[[t By the beginning of the 1960s, slim jeans had become a leisure wear staple, as teens began to have real fun, forgetting the almost desperate energy of the previous decade, while cocooned(包围在) in wealth and security. But the seeds of change had been sown, and by the mid 1960s jeans had acquired yet another social connotation—as the uniform of the budding social and sexual revolution. Jeans were the great equalizer, the perfect all-purpose garment for the classless society sought by the Hippy generation. In the fight for civil rights, at anti-war demonstrations on the streets of Paris, at sit-ins and love-ins everywhere, the battle cry was heard above a sea of blue.
` OQ&u 36. Jeans were first designed for .
x#0C+c U A. soldiers B. workmen C. teenagers D. cowboys
0iX qAa 37. In the mid 1940s, jeans gained popularity because .
BHmA*3? A. they made the wearer look clean and tough
gE=~.P[ZX B. they were comfortable and looked friendly
vP}K(' ( C. they were the outward symbol of the mainstream society
-R'p ^cMA D. they stood for freedom and a strong character
nu0bJ:0aLd 38. What does the "real thing" refer to in the second paragraph?
i`] M2Q A. Authentic Levi’s. B. Workwear.
GIVs)~/Eq C. Casual wear. D. Jeans of European style.
X}z KV 39. The popularity of Elvis Presley’s way of dressing illustrates that .
K=5_jE^e A. teenagers wanted to look sexy
!P Gow B. people desired to look strong and manly
0K3FH&.% C. jeans went well with rock’n’roll
P'9aZd D. Americans were more rebellious than Europeans
GPx S
.& 40. The last sentence suggests that jeans were .
cHsJQU*K6 A. used for military purposes
, D1[}Lr=K B. the symbol of the ideal of social equality
vWkKNB C. worn by all kinds of people
qk,cp},2K D. the outfit of social improvement
3X!~*_
i C Passage Two
8]?1gDS|9O The ethnic group known as Ashkenazim is blessed with more than its fair share of talented minds, but is also prone to a number of serious genetic diseases. Researchers now suggest that intelligence is closely linked to several illnesses in Ashkenazi Jews, and that the diseases are the result of natural selection.
[S4 \fy0 The Ashkenazim are descended from Jewish communities in Germany, Austria, Poland, and Eastern Europe that date back to the 10th century. Today they make up approximately 80 percent of the world’s Jewish population.
tiE+x|Ju" Ashkenazim have the highest average IQ of any ethnic group, scoring 12 to 15 points above the European average. They are also strongly represented in fields and occupations requiring high cognitive ability. For instance, Jews of European ancestry account for 27 percent of U.S. Nobel science prize winners.
aq5<Ks `r But the group is also associated with several neurological disorders, including Tay-Sachs, Gaucher’s, and Niemann-Pick. Tay-Sachs is a fatal hereditary disease of the central nervous system.Sufferers lack an enzyme needed to break down fatty substances in the brain and nerve cells.Gauchers and Niemann-Pick are similar, often fatal diseases.
~v54$#CB Because Jews were discriminated against in medieval Europe, they were often driven into professions such as moneylending and banking which were looked down upon or forbidden for Christians.
f d,~Yj$R? Historians suggest that Jews with lucrative jobs often had four, six, or sometimes even eight or nine children. Poorer families, meanwhile, tended to be smaller, possibly because they lived in overcrowded areas in which children were more prone to disease. As a result, the researchers say,over hundreds of years the Jewish population of Europe became more intelligent than their gentile countrymen.
2mlE;.}8 But increased intelligence may have come at a cost, with genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs being side effects of genes that facilitate intelligence.
Researchers argue that it’s highly unlikely that mutated genes responsible for these illnesses could have reached such high levels in Ashkenazim if they were not connected to cognitive performance.
^,KR 0 While the link is difficult to prove, there is some evidence that Gaucher disease does increase a person’s IQ. Around one in three people of working age who were patients of the Gaucher Clinic at the Shaare Zedek Medical Centre in Jerusalem had professions requiring an average IQ of more than 120. This group included scientists, academics, physicians, and accountants.
=h_gj > Modern-day Ashkenazim are now far more likely to marry outside their ethnic group. A researcher says that he would expect a tendency for both higher IQs and associated genetic disorders to become less marked over time.
Ez$5wY^J 41. According to the first paragraph, Ashkenazim are .
Mc}x]j`f A. more intelligent than other Jews
'9/kDkt! B. more likely to be sick than other Jews
w%_BX3GTO C. endowed with natural ability because of genetic diseases
KFs` u6 D. more likely to be born with genetic diseases
?0(B;[xEJ 42. According to the article, Ashkenazim are related to the Jewish people in .
#]
GM #. A. the whole Europe and Eastern Asia
rka:.#! B. Eastern Europe and a few other European countries
5,c` C. Eastern Europe and a few Asian countries
^]D Wrmy D. Eastern Europe and Germany
6+u'Tcb 43. Tay-Sachs, Gaucher’s and Niemann-Pick are .
~JNuy"8 A. diseases caused by absence of an enzyme
72,i R H B. life-threatening genetic diseases
:9YQX(l8 C. diseases that make people more intelligent
0@Ijk(| D. the same disease with different terms
%pp+V1FH 44. The "lucrative job" may most probably be a job which is .
31* 6 ;( A. profitable B. unsteady C. challenging D. permanent
3-R3Qlr 45. The underlined sentence in paragraph 7 roughly means that the researchers believe that .
Xdq,
=; A. mutated genes have a negative influence on Ashkenazim’s intelligence
'MUrszOO.e B. mutated genes have played a role in Ashkenazim’s intelligence
O$H150,Q C. the Ashkenazim’s high intelligence is caused by the mutated genes
VL{#.;QQa D. the Ashkenazim’s illnesses have greatly handicapped their performance
RrHnDO' 46. From the passage, it can be anticipated that in the future .
4PWr;& A. Ashkenazim would be less intelligent but healthier
g, :N zb B. there would be more outstanding Ashkenazim intellectuals
[KH ?5 C C. Ashkenazim would be more intelligent and less healthy
3I5WDuq D. the cause of genetic diseases would be explored more deeply
* jK))|% Passage Three
x3s^u~C)(w Sometimes it’s just hard to choose. You’re in a restaurant and the waiter has his pen at the ready. As you hesitate, he gradually begins to take a close interest in the ceiling, his fingernails,then in your dining partner. Each dish on the menu becomes a blur as you roll your eyes up and down in a growing panic. Finally, you desperately opt for something that turns out to be what you hate.
T,u IA] It seems that we need devices to protect us from our hopelessness at deciding between 57 barely differentiated varieties of stuff—be they TV channels, gourmet coffee, downloadable ring tones, or perhaps, ultimately even interchangeable lovers. This thought is opposed to our government’s philosophy, which suggests that greater choice over railways, electricity suppliers and education will make us happy. In my experience, they do anything but.
+*J4q5;E[? Perhaps the happiest people are those who do not have much choice and aren’t confronted by the misery of endless choice. True, that misery may not be obvious to people who don’t have a variety of luxuries. If you live in Madagascar, say, where average life expectancy is below 40 and they don’t have digital TV or Starbucks, you might not be impressed by the anxiety and perpelual stress our decision-making paralysis causes.
psC7I E<v Choice wasn’t supposed to make people miserable. It was supposed to be the hallmark of selfdetermination that we so cherish in capitalist western society. But it obviously isn’t: ever more choice increases the feeling of missed opportunities, and this leads to self-blame when choices fail to meet expectations. What is to be done? A new book by an American social scientist, Barry Schwartz, called The Paradox of Choice, suggests that reducing choices can limit anxiety.
i'wF>EBz Schwartz offers a self-help guide to good decision making that helps us to limit our choices to a manageable number, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices we make. This is a capitalist response to a capitalist problem.
Qm#i"jvV But once you realize that your Schwartzian filters are depriving you of something you might have found enjoyable, you will experience the same anxiety as before, worrying that you made the wrong decision in drawing up your choice-limiting filters. Arguably, we will always be doomed to buyers’ remorse and the misery it entails. The problem of choice is perhaps more difficult than Schwartz allows.
42CMRGv 47. The waiter mentioned in Paragraph 1 would agree that given a variety of choice .
=.E(p)fz A. it is common for his customer to hesitate in ordering a meal
@WHd(ka! B. it is impolite for his customer to order with hesitation
%5*#c*)R C. it is difficult for his customer to expect quality food
M@g
gLW D. it is possible to get to know his customer’s partner
8 uxFXQ 48. It is implied that it is the government’s intention to .
0lCd,a 2: A. improve the quality of TV programs
~Ls I<z B. try to offer greater choice over public service systems
vkpV,}H C. make people realize that some lovers are interchangeable
f*vk1dS:*3 D. encourage the downloading of a variety of ring tones
]z U<=b@ 49. We can infer that the author’s attitude towards choice is that .
sGls^J) A. the more choice we have, the more freedom we can enjoy
|u ;BAb B. endless choice has only made us more miserable
2U'JzE^Do C. it is easy for people to make a wrong decision with few choices
' 1'1T5x~ D. before we make decisions, we want as many choices as possible
Zf
v(\SI 50. The author mentioned "Starbucks" in Paragraph 3 as an illustration of .
j!MA]0lTM A. happiness B. low life expectancy. C. perpetual stress D. luxury
ev%t5NZ 51. From Barry Schwartz’s book, The Paradox of Choice, we can get recommendation tips on .
8ex:OTzn| A. how to handle the situation of capitalist exploitation
zXPJ;^Xxa B. how to deal with your expense budget
oHXW])[ C. how to avoid the feeling of missed opportunities
|C6(0fgWd D. how to save money by making a right choice
V 1nZ M 52. We may conclude that it is NOT one of the author’s purposes to .
_@p f1d$
A. stress the problem of choice
u AS8F=9xP B. discuss decision-making paralysis
dh;Mp E C. make an analysis of buyers’ remorse
&tz%WW%D8 D. promote the new book The Paradox of Choice
JJ9e{~0 I Passage Four
&iiK ZZ`_o Many things make people think artists are weird—the odd hours, the nonconformity, the clove cigarettes. However, the weirdest may be this: artists’ only jobs are to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel lousy. This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century,more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring. In the 20th century,classical music became more atonal, visual art more unsettling.
n+\Cw`'<H Sure, there have been exceptions, but it would not be a stretch to say that for the past century or so, serious art has been at war with happiness. In 1824, Beethoven completed his "Ode to Joy".In 1962, novelist Anthoy Burgess used it in A Clockwork Orange as the favorite music of his ultraviolent antihero.
\v3> Eo[ You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But the reason may actually be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.
<fsn2[V:B% In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Today the messages that the average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and relentlessly happy. Since these messages have an agenda—to pry our wallets from our pockets—they make the very idea of happiness seem bogus(假的). "Celebrate!"commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attack.
e4YfT r What we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us that it is OK not to be happy, that sadness makes happiness deeper. As the wine-connoisseur movie Sideways tells us, it is the kiss of decay and mortality that makes grape juice into Pinot Noir. We need art to tell us, as religion once did, that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette,yet, somehow, is a breath of fresh air.
O4d^ig-xaH 53. What is most strange about artists?
Bd B ` A. They wear special clothes. B. They rarely work in the daytime.
_l!U[{l*d C. They mainly depict distressing things. D. They are liable to take illegal drugs.
yp2 'KES> 54. What does the author mean by "a stretch"?
}RN=9J A. A terrible thing. B. An exaggeration.
JIb zh?$aD C. A continuous period of time. D. An exception.
iWN.3 |r 55. The example that "Ode to Joy" was used in Burgess’s novel is meant to illustrate that .
N7$DRG/<b A. musicians and novelists share similar artistic taste
w[ YkTv B. violent people have a strong desire to be happy
;TV 'PJ C. serious art is often contradictory with happiness
`YmI' D. music is enjoyed by good and bad people alike
snTJe[^d 56. The word "Celebrex" in the advertisement .
mam5 G!$ A. misleads people into buying dangerous drugs
4 &]To @> B. reminds people of a cheerful feeling
|+;K
h C C. boasts of the effectiveness of a drug
i Z.&q
6 D. comes from a religious term
|Y8Mk2,s 57. How could the economy depend on our forgetting things?
$E`i qRB A. The economy would not be boosted if everybody were satisfied.
jWv3O&+?X B. There are many new products designed for the forgetful.
ndKvJH 4 C. People will spend more money if we believe in easy happiness.
R( /[NvUb D. We pay heavily for forgetting things easily.
>xU72l#5 58. What does the author imply with the movie Sideways?
.sJys SA\ A. Happiness can be found through pains and efforts.
>Oi2gPA B. Happiness comes when everything dies.
=N*%f% C. Happiness makes sadness deeper.
mHI4wS>()+ D. Happiness is not a good thing.
c _-" Qo Passage Five
DX& l
BV As students return to school this fall, parents will again worry about new illnesses as kids come into contact with flu germs. There are other risks they should worry about—illnesses caused by the common bugs and rodents found in school buildings. Perhaps the even more dangerous pests however are those individuals who prevent school administrators from swiftly addressing these problems.
-VreBKn Anti-chemical activists have pushed, and nearly 20 states and local governments have passed,laws to eliminate or drastically reduce the use of pesticides in schools. Yet pesticides are used to control roaches, mice, rats, mosquitoes, and other pests. The public health implications of allowing these things to get out of control should be obvious: increased allergies and illnesses related to insect and rodent bites.
liugaRO8J Some states have passed a seemingly more reasonable policy that demands that school administrators provide notification 48 to 72 hours before using pesticides. But such laws allow problems to escalate during waiting periods when an urgent response is warranted. Notification paperwork burdens also consume limited financial resources. Journalist Steve Milloy reported that the notification law of Maryland costs the state’s schools $32,000 annually.
^:cb
$9F Parents should fear these laws and the pests they harbor more than the pesticides.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pesticide standards are so exceedingly cautious that the risks are tiny when the product is used according to label directions. An analysis done by the University of Texas found that the EPA’s risk estimates overstate pesticide exposure damage at a level hundreds of thousands of times greater than the risk of actual exposure.
J:g<RZ Z1 Meanwhile, many of the pests in schools pose serious risks. Allergies and asthma are a particular concern. According to one study published in Environmental Health Perspectives:"Allergens associated with dust mites and cockroaches are probably important in both onset and worsening of asthma symptoms for children who are chronically exposed to these agents."
75\RG+kQ Cockroach allergies are particularly problematic. Children who suffered from this type of allergy missed more days of school and lost more sleep than children suffering from other allergies.
t-eKr uj+ Prudent use of chemicals—not reduced pesticide use—can be a big part of the solution. A study in the Journal of Allergies and Clinical Immunology showed that use of chemical baits and regular cleaning can reduce indoor cockroach allergens to levels below that which causes allergies.
(^tr }?C If people are truly concerned about public health in schools, it’s time to start looking at priorities. Rather than liberate the pests, they should liberate the schools from silly government regulations and dangerous vermin.
"UhK]i*@l 59. The author implies that parents should be most concerned about .
C z=A{< ^g A. flu germs B. pests
kO..~@ aY C. school administrators D. anti-chemical activists
up+.@h{ 60. The author would most probably agree that the laws restricting the use of pesticides in schools .
;B|^2i1Wi A. are necessary B. are harmful
Vp(D|}P C. are quite effective D. reflect health concerns
S{^6iR 61. The third paragraph shows that in schools .
zJnL< Q A. sometimes pesticides should be used immediately
1qm/{>a- B. the cost of using pesticides is very high
zqHpT^ B? C. the laws about using pesticides are not properly observed
9atjK4+o D. using pesticides is a daily routine
||{T5E-.F 62. Regarding pesticides, the author thinks that .
zmy4tsmX A. their danger has been exaggerated
R/ ALR B. their effects have been proved by EPA
*<`7|BH 3 C. they are not effective for killing some pests
$' A4RVVT D. they may cause some illnesses in children
1&X}1 63. Allergens associated with cockroaches may .
b lRY7 A. kill some insects
Tm%$J B. trigger genetic problems
eW\?eq+ `A C. cause asthma symptoms
Wphe%O
f D. create environmental pollution
:Az8K ) 64. As a result of cockroach allergies, children may have difficulty with .
eVqM=%
Q A. hearing B. digesting C. communicating D. sleeping
io1S9a(y 65. What is the main idea of the passage?
c8^+^.=pX A. New chemicals should be developed to control pests.
K)<Wm
,tON B. Pesticides should be used frequently to control pests.
9nT?|n]> C. Some policies have ruined the efforts to control pests.
:[y]p7;{f D. Schools have ignored the need to control pests.
M ZCL:# Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
07.nq;/R Directions:In each of the foUowing passages, five sentences have been removed from the original text.They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choose the most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks (numbered 66 to 75). For each passage, there is one sentence that does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on your Machinescoring Answer Sheet.
lTa1pp
Zw Passage One
7!O^;]+, The London terrorist attacks on July 7 and July 21 changed British Prime Minister Tony Blair.He had long been reluctant to make the fight against Islamo-fascist terror a domestic issue. Last week he outlined security measures to deal with radical clerics who incite violence.
AC 9{*K[ Of particular interest is a measure that reads in part: "It is now necessary, in order to acquire British citizenship, that people attend a citizenship ceremony [and] swear allegiance to the country." That’s not much different from U.S. law.
66 _ oQtk^fp This requirement would violate Section 203 of the U.S. Voting Rights Act, which requires that bilingual election materials and assistance be made available when a foreigu language reaches critical mass in the general population. For example, California recall ballots in Los Angeles County were printed in English, Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean and Tagalog.
67 U.S. law, in effect, tells new citizens that they can be fully engaged in U.S. democracy without understanding the language of its election campaigns.
68 I["F+kt^^ Naturalized citizens must demonstrate a fundamental understanding of U.S. history and civics.Isn’t it reasonable to expect them also to be able to communicate, at a basic level, in the language of U.S. politics?
69 Requiring citizens to understand basic English isn’t bias. But supporting a system that encourages American citizens to accept a life without meaningful participation in politics and civic life—that’s bias.
[ Z#+gh To end the separatism and disengagement that flourishes in part because significant portions of his country cannot speak English, Blair wants to make basic knowledge of English a requirement for British citizenship. There can be no true national unity when citizens cannot understand each other and participate in the majority culture.
F{TC#J}I%' 70 Let’s hope the United States will learn it through observation rather than bitter experience.
%)zk..K{l A. Despite a growing bilingualism in English, for the most part Britain remains a monolingual nation with a long, proud linguistic and cultural tradition.
*D \0.K,o B. But Blair wants to impose an additional requirement: To become a British citizen, one must "have a rudimentary grasp of the English language."
pwa.q C. It further suggests that secondhand knowledge of politics, through translation or others’ interpretations, is an adequate substitute for the ability to hear and read about the candidates and the issues.
wY' "ab D. A passing knowledge of English shouldn’t be too much to ask of those who seek the right to vote that so many American soldiers have died to secure.
/yLzDCK n E. Britain has learned that lesson—the hard way.
p@#]mVJ>9 F. The intent of Section 203 is laudable: A member of a "language minority group" should face no obstacles in exercising the franchise. But its effects are pernicious.
fp9rO}## Passage Two
mG0L !5 Many people go to the Louvre in Paris to see only one painting. They ignore other splendid works by Leonardo that are hung nearby.
71 But it is ignored in favor of the smiling figure of Mona Lisa set behind bullet-proof glass and protected constantly by a guard and a heavy railing.
72 A;odVaH7 What lies behind the intrigue of the Mona Lisa? The principal explanation for its particular appeal must lie in the mystery conveyed by the ambiguous smile which allows everyone to find something special for themselves in the obscure, smoky image.
&foD& Let’s look at the painting itself. The figure is simple. Mona Lisa turns to her left in her chair to look at the viewer with that smile, a smile that 16th-century art historian and biographer Giorgio Vasari said "... was so pleasing it seems divine rather than real."Her pose is compact yet dynamic. Her hair is partly undone and falls in little curls.
73 A veil is caught up in her right arm and draped over her head and left shoulder. $8jaapNm@ Two features are special to this extraordinary portrait: the "sfumato" technique and the remarkable landscape. Leonardo worked the transitions of light and shade so subtly that everything blends without any hint of lines or borders. In the depiction of Mona Lisa’s head, this skill in surface painting is supported by his knowledge of the skull beneath the skin—derived from his studies in anatomy. But it is her position on a balcony that gives this picture of a superbly mature woman a sense of cosmic drama. Beyond her and far below is an immense rocky landscape.
74 It is a landscape of the imagination but imagination based on years of study of rock formations.
\M+MDT& 75 Leonardo has become the product of the collective imagination. His legend has been fuelled by the image of the bearded sage, inspired by his self-portrait drawing, now in Turin, and by the work "Lives of the Famous Painters and Sculptors" by Giorgio Vasari.
ksTzXG8 A. The legend of the Mona Lisa is closely tied to the legend of her creator, Leonardo da Vinci.
7*+Km'=M B. Her dress is very simple and she wears no jewellery.
0Xp
nbB~~I C. Over the next 16 years, Leonardo worked and traveled throughout Italy for a number of employers.
U$A/bEhw D. An example is The "Virgin of the Rocks" which is the summation of Leonardo’s studies in anatomy, botany, geology as well as being superbly painted.
aPp rMQ5 E. No other painting in the immense galleries of the Louvre gets this treatment.
~q*i;* F. The landscape is divided and unsteady which makes it like a dream.
dAL0.>|`0 PAPER TWO
g4Y) Bz PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION(30 minutes, 15 points)
p`\3if' Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
|pBMrN+is Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
* nLIXnm An important variable affecting communication across cultures is fate and personal responsibility. 1)
This refers to the degree to which we feel ourselves the masters of our lives, versus the degree to which we see ourselves as subiect to things outside our control. Another way to look at this is to ask how much we see ourselves able to change and maneuver, to choose the course of our lives and relationships. Some have drawn a parallel between the emphasis on personal responsibility in North American settings and the landscape itself. The North American landscape is vast, with large spaces of unpopulated territory. 2)
The frontier mentality of "conquering" the wilderness, and the expansiveness of the land stretching huge distances, may relate to generally high levels of confidence in the ability to shape and choose our destinies. }I\-HP8!gv In this expansive landscape, many children grow up with an epic sense of life, where ideas are big, and hope springs eternal. When they experience setbacks, they are encouraged to redouble their efforts, to "try, try again. "3)
Action, efficacy, and achievement are emphasized and expected. Free will is enshrined in laws and enforced by courts. Ah*wQow Now consider places in the world with much smaller territory, whose history reflects repeated conquest and harsh struggles: Northern Ireland, Mexico, Israel, Palestine. In these places, there is more emphasis on destiny’s role in human life. In Mexico, there is a legacy of poverty, invasion,and territorial mutilation. Mexicans are more likely to see struggles as inevitable or unavoidable. 4)
Their fatalistic attitude is expressed in their way of responding to failure or accident by saying "ni modo" ("no way" or "tough luck"), meaning that the setback was destined. h iAxh
Y This variable is important to understanding cultural conflict. If someone invested in free will crosses paths with someone more fatalistic in orientation, miscommunication is likely. The first person may expect action and accountability. Failing to see it, they may conclude that the second is lazy, obstructionist, or dishonest. 5)
The second person will expect respect for the natural order of things. Failing to see it, they may conclude that the first is coercive or irreverent, inflated in his ideas of what can be accomplished or changed. Jth=. 9mrM PART Ⅴ WRITING (40 minutes, 20 points)
F{;;
: Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
h(_P9 E[g 
