Ex.1 4[eQ5$CB<u
The most important starting point for improving the understanding of science is undoubtedly an adequate scientific education at school. Public attitudes towards science owe much the way science is taught in these institutions. (71)_____ (DW[#2\.
Today, school is what most people come into (72) _____ aeBA`ry"B
contact with a formal instruction and explanation of science for the first rime, at least in a systematic way. It is at this point which the foundations are laid for an interest in science. (73)_____ \\WIu?
What is taught (and how) in this first encounter will largely determine an individual’s view of the subject in adult life. P
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Understanding the original of the negative attitudes (74) ____ vGT#BS%
towards science may help us to modify them. Most education system neglect exploration understanding and reflection. (75)_____ us^2Oplq<
Teachers in schools tend to present science as a collection of facts, often by more detail than necessary. As a result, (76)_____ >WsRCBA
children memorize processes such as mathematical formulas, periodic table, only to forget it shortly afterwards. (77)_____ 1M4I7*r
The task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient. Such a purely (78)_____ +gQn,HX
empirical approach, which consists of observation and description, is also, in a sense, unscientific or incomplete. There is therefore a need for resources and methods of teaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in (79)_____ JBsHr%!i
an enjoyable way. Science should not only be “fun” in the same way as playing a video game, but ‘hard fun’ – a deep feeling of connection made possibly only by imaginative engagement.(80)_____ Nm0kMq|h
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Ex.2 Wy'H4Rg8
Until recently, dyslexia and other reading problems were a mystery to most teachers and parents. As a result, too many kids passed through schools without master the printed page. (71) ____ 1f"LAs`%
Some were treated as mentally deficient, many were left functionally illiterate(文盲的), unable to ever meet their potential. But in the last several years, there’s been a revolution in that we’ve learned about reading and dyslexia. (72) ____ :!wdqn
Scientists are using a variety of new imaging techniques to watch the brain at work. Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect, (73) ____ ~\9bh6%R
faulty writing in the brain — not lazy, stupidity or a poor home(74) ____ ^r7-
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environment. There’s also convincing evidence which dyslexia (75) ____ +U%U3tAvs
is largely inherited. It is now considered a chronic problem for some kids, not just a “phase”. Scientists have also discarded another old stereotype that almost all dyslexics are boys. Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well (76) ___ k]n=7vw;
and not getting help. At same time, educational researchers have come up (77) ____ ,AC+s"VS
with innovative teaching strategies for kids who are having trouble learning to read. New screening tests are identifying children at risk before they get discouraged by year of (78) ____ 0wmz2zKV
frustration and failure. And educators are trying to get the message to parents that they should be on the alert for the first signs of potential problems. `dYM+ jpa
It’s an urgent mission. Mass literacy is a relative new (79) ____ \gh`PS-B
social goal. A hundred years ago people didn’t need to be good readers in order to earn a living. But in the Information Age, no one can get by with knowing how to read well and (80) ____ ?]fd g;?@
understand increasingly complex material. T4\F=iw4
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Ex.3 2/9P&c-r