The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures， but created what might be called “the heroic age of Antarctic exploration”。 By their tremendous heroism， men such as Shakleton， Scott， and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows， and yet that heroic age， little more than a century old， is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance， future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable. &HZ"<y {j
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Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America， and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted， and the maping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed， it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known， and almost inexhaustible sources of copper， coal， uranium， and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.
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The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light， and make possible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed， for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5，000 miles journey. z+NXD4
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The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem， for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before， and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably， so that， provided that the appropriate installations are made， we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world， for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent， and rendered it absolutely germfree， with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies， for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration； it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world. fkyj&M/
Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent， and what so few years ago was regarded as a “dead continent” now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor. !1)lGjMW
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1.When did man begin to explore the Antarctic？ gn#4az3@e>
A.About 100years ago. +;pdG[N
B.In this century. x : "_B
C.At the beginning of the 19th century. L&Bc-kMH
D.In 1798. L5of(gQ5]
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2.What must the explorers be， even though they have modern equipment and techniques？ .P9ALJP(b
A.Brave and tough 4=>/x90y
B.Stubborn and arrogant. ^'*9,.ltd
C.Well-liked and humorous. Pfe&wA't
D.Stout and smart. `8KWZi4
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3.The most healthy climate in the world is___. X'IW &^kI
A.in South America. h$G&4_O
B.in the Arctic Region. [>oq~[e)?
C.in the Antarctic Continent. FG38) /
D.in the Atlantic Ocean.
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4.What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic？ S `5^H~
A.Magnetite，coal and ores. `) *
B.Copper，coal and uranium. M4XnuFGB[w
C.Silver，natural gas and uranium. < }pqj3
D.Aluminum，copper and natural gas. 1%G<gbHpI
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5.What is planned for the continent？ 'bN\bbR
A.Building dams along the coasts. "O<JVC{m
B.Setting up several summer resorts along the coasts. cwlXb!S $
C.Mapping the coast and whole territory. & G@(f=
D.Setting up permanent bases on the coasts. x;#
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There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy while the other becomes miserable. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds. xO`w| k
The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversations, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may help them change this habit. :=UiE DN@
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone stir a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their misconduct. These people should change this bad habit. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels. MGCwT@P
36. People who are unhappy ______. A=o
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A. always consider things differently from others U\&kT/6vh
B. usually are influenced by the results of certain things .Kv>*__-Q
C. can discover the unpleasant part of certain things hY7Q$B<
D. usually have a fault-finding habit %qcBM~efT
37. The underlined phrase “sour the pleasures of society” (Line 8) most nearly means______. GrGgR7eC#P
A. enjoy the pleasures of society i,NN"
B. aren’t content with the pleasures of society g^26Gb.
C. have a good taste to the pleasures of society !bFa\6]q
D. feel uncomfortable with the pleasures of society Q*+@"tk<
38. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
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A. We should pity all such unhappy people. NI rK+uC.d
B. Such unhappy people are critical about everything. !T@>Ld:
C. If such unhappy people recognize the bad effects of the habit on themselves, they may get rid of it. MeW8aL r
D. Such unhappy people are also not content with themselves. W1f]A#t<
39. The underlined part “scarcely that” (Line 17) means ______. XtRfzqg?K
A. just like that 1!/cd;{B
B. almost not like that +j _Vs+0
C. more than that &STgj|t_
D. not at all like that $7 4ZC
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40. If such unhappy persons don’t change their bad behavior, the author’s solution to the problem is that ______. Z%\9y]zs
A. people should avoid contact with them d}3<nz,
B. people should criticize their misconduct L;I .6<K.
C. people should help them recognize the bad effects of the habit 2f] :n
D. people should show no respect and politeness to them
