虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。freekaobo将对2016考博英语语法虚拟语气做归纳和用法。 8:BPXdiK
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一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 Qi_De
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(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 ?0UzmJV?8
A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。 x?ajTzMv
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。 nDR)UR
C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 y.zS?vv2g
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ,{@,dw`lUz
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” $/sQatic
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” cVzOW|NVx
I wish that he weren’t so lazy. -3M6[`/
(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 :v_H;UU
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. EM_`` 0^
(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。例如: uT5sLpA|6
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 Bn7~ p+N
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 I2@pkVv3z
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 2:(h17So
(4)It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。 a95QDz
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. z 0;+.E!
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 8:j8>K*6
(5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构: N'L3Oa\%
Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. l\=M'D
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. B!vI^W
(6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might, would)+动词原形,例如: #,dE
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She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 +U(m b
The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. *o8DfZ
(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反, if it had not been for与过去事实相反,两个都相当于but for: Nz+Jf57t
If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded. c
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(8) 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中,其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如:She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑,而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样,常常流露出来。 <r*A(}Y
They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着,就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 ;cBFft}D
She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。 8oI)q4V
(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等 W/O&
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If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. < PoRnx
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二、特殊形式的虚拟语气 O!!Ne'I
虚拟语气的特殊形式,即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式,其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。 X<4h"W6
A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中,这类动词有: ?)9mHo^
ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 $I%75IZ
command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望 f#:7$:{F1
determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 ;Ry
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move建议,动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 2}P<}-?6
prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 )-FQ_K%
recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定,规定 urge强调,促进 n<;TBK
vote公认,提议 decree颁布(法令) pray请求
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注意:这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外,也可以接doing或者to do…来表达,一般情况下,意思没有什么差别。 !$'s?rnh
She advised that we should keep the gate locked.(书面体) fDmGgD?
She advised us to keep the gate locked.(口语) _zQ3sm
She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便) L3M]06y
B、用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中,这类形容词或分词有:
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