一、主句单一原则 J&S$F:HM
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 4H8vB^
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不 a ^<W
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能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 aM?Xi6
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例 1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. /ZZo`
(A) They occur where they are q5?g/-_0[
(B) Occuring where w"$CV@AJ
(C) Where they occur z`((l#(
(D) Where do they occur ]K0<DO9
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 WM NcPHcj
C 为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 (;P)oB"
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例 2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center R!;tF|]
(A) Fort Wayne {&8
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(B) Although Fort Wayne b gGd
(C) For wayne is in br+{23&1R#
(D) Fort Wayne, in u _s
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格 {MU>5\
处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中 although能引导从句,故选(B)。 -fuSCj
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二、谓语动词专一原则 T{d7,.:
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 xi8RE@gm
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 |;ycEB1
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例 1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” ]R\k@a|G
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with rc1EJ(c
social issues. Dg%zN i2GS
(A) covers G*2bYsnhX
(B) covers it A;m)/@
(C) which covers rBa <s
(D) which it covers n
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分析:空格后的 deals with 是谓语动词,A, B 是谓语形式, 和 deals with 之间没有连接词, RN238]K
可先排除; D 中的 it 多余,因为在定语从句中 which 已经作了主语;C 构成正确的定语从句 ,Y=r]
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例 2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused % @3AA<
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on 3&_O\nD
the paper. y _M<\b
(A) the impression is 7'Y 3T[
(B) if the impression is G$XvxJ
(C) impressions %s P C3L
(D) the impression D oX!P|*
分析:题目中的 is 是谓语,A,B 中是谓语重复。C 为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词 is 的数 A#M#JI-Y
不一致,故也排除。因此选择 D,caused.... 修饰 impression ]?S\So+
三、平行结构 a_4Ny
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有 and, 或者 and 后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平 DvHcT]l>5
行结构。
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填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: !ccKbw)J#
A and B, PN[
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A , B, and C r-v;A
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例 1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- (f^WC,
is known as accounting. Wz}RJC7p
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary U*`7
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's b|U&{I>TH
transactions 0'*whhH
(C) transactions of an enterprise are EGL1[7It`
summarized zOD5a=[1
(D) summarizing the transactions of an #XR<}OYcL
enterprise )kR~|Yn<-
分析:空格的后面是 and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面 recording、classifying 并列的 h
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动名词。 .ii9-+_
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 dOh'9kk3
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例 2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed tgK$}#.*
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and QEK,mc3
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on *c4uCI:0t
human patients. HMGby
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(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in u,e'5,`N
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures H((!
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(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures :W(3<D7\
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull fH~InDT^
fractures lG12Su/
分析:空格后面是 and, 空格处缺少和 developed、supervised 平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 qawb9Iud0
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四、宾语从句结构 *5Upb,**
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 y>wrm:b-O
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: state(陈述,表明)+that d!kiWmw,
indicate(指明,表明)+that JR
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例 1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, m<)0XE6w
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite M,@\*qlEJ
units called quanta or photons. {Ts@#V=:
(A) energy that uU(G &:@
(B) that it is energy %}jwuNGA
(C) it is energy -BUxQ8/,
(D) that energy 4]9+
分析:空格前的谓语动词 states一般接关系连词 that 引导的宾语从句,故首先排除 C。空格 g+Vfd(e
后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此 D正确。 6*,'A|t?y
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例 2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth bK;I:JK3
indicate--yield when unusual weight is 7[5g_D t
placed on them. bOjvrg;Sz\
(A) although its crust and mantle H&jK|]UXoO
(B) its crust and mantle to Eyi^N0
(C) that its crust and mantle %7=B?c|
(D) for its crust and mantle to )\!_`ob
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词 indicate 的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B) 9EzXf+f
使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 h(]aP<49L
五、介词+ which结构 nEu,1
许多同学在选择 which还是介词+which 上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 yO Ed8
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, Jydz2
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因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 [uCW8:e
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, %!%G\nv
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 O8:$sei$
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例 1:In the United States, a primary election is S^nshQI
a method ---- voters select the nominees p12'^i |
for public office. ut
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(A) that |uo<<-\jTO
(B)by which Uywi,9f
(C)is that iXt1{VP'K
(D)by those dw{L,u`68
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除 C和 D。 5dc24GB>_
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰 method 是不通的。 6
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B 是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….); d]Y-^&]{]
正确 mlC_E)Ed5
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例 2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players hit wooden balls through wire arches called _ dFZR
wickers. DyeV
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(A) when _SU%ul
(B) which 5Y<O
(C) is when (p4|,\+
(D) in which pw;
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。 )Los\6PRn
但是到底是选择 B 还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择 D, 关系代词 which y\-f{I
前应该有介词。 Vs@[="
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六、in that结构 W 2/`O?
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, gG"W~O)yv
because of +名词, !OwRx5
consequently是副词 R.n:W;^`
而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 GilaON*pK.
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例 1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals J:6wFmU
---- it is a liquid. N}`.N
(A) whereas s$g"6;_\
(B) in that TR2X' `:O
(C) because of CKJ9YKu{W
(D) consequently 3`y9V2&b
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首 nXjf,J-T
先排除。 S3cjw9V
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that 为复合连词,用来 tqI]S
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引导原因状语从句。 GLI 5AbQK
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例 2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual (r8R
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-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. fiDwa
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(A)they 7:fC,2+
(B)in they sTu6KMn
(C)that they J*)Vpk
(D)in that they QbGc 9MM
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A 和 B 缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C 一般作宾 T /iKz
语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中 in that为连词,引导表原因 ;6o p|O
的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选 D。 3+6s}u)
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这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项, yKJKQ9
如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多, r:h\{DVf
但是要考的话一定就是重点。 U\N|hw#f!!
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例 3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ 0IHcyb
great inspiration for her poems. ~T;FOB%w
(A) that she drew (B) by drawing her \
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(C) from which she drew ImJ2tz6
(D) drawn from which MCN}pi
分析:首先看选项 C, “介词+which”, 而后面是 she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个 :S
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完整句子,那么选项 C就是答案。 V=!tZ[4z$h
七、what结构 ?yKW^,q+
what 结构在95.8 以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: y8T%
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what=the thing that fp^!?u
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例 1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend h-B&m:gD_U
largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. v=4,kG
(A) it grows _8$arjx=
(B) what grows qaK9E@l
(C) does it grow m'h`%0Tc
(D) what does it grow 6onFf* m!x
分析:空格前有 depend on 这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。 'F[m,[T%x
A和 C 没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式, `usX(snY
故(B)正确。 X) lz BM
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例 2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle ]qZs^kQ
was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory $Z
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became----is now Indiana and Ohio. N%Gb
(A) there (UWV#AR
(B) where
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(C) that \v(}@zcB|
(D) what ?1\rf$l8
分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有 D符合条件。 b,]QfC
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八、同位语结构 'l,ym~R
同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语 sem:"
___, __ _, ___ (注意是两个逗号) |E/r64T
例 1:The tongue , -----, is an important aid in chewing L+s3@C;b
and swallowing . R
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(A) is the chief organ of taste 4-RzWSFbo`
(B) tasting the organ chiefly L4bx [
(C) the chief organ of taste i7hWBd4wK
(D) the organ chiefly tastes N#(p_7M
分析:空格处显然缺定语或同位语。句中已有谓语动词 is, 故先排除 A和 D。(B)不合题意, EqW/Wxv7b
故也可排除。(C)是名词短语,适合作主语的同位语,使句子完整,句意正确,故选(C)。 XcfvmlBoD-
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同位语考试形式二:名词作主语,后面的名词是主语同位语,解释说明后面的名词 C"`,?K(U
___, ___ (注意是一个逗号) 6M({T2e
例 2:A prolific writer of prose and verse, ----of 0q6$KP}q
Native Americans in her novel, Century of kzq3-NTV
Dishonor. J9+<9g4-t
(A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause [wHGt?R
(B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson
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(C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause #^|"dIZ_M
(D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. NGsG4y^g?z
分析:空格前为名词短语,空格后为介词短语,空格处明显缺主语和谓语动词。根据空格前 N@Fof(T&
名词短语的意思判断,主语应该是人名而不是指物的名词,故选(A)。 *^|.bBG
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例 3:Often very annoying weeds ,-----and act as ;3~+M:{2
hosts to many insect pests. EZICH&
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(A) that crowd out less hardy plants than }:6$5/?
goldenrods rd#O ]
(B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods bq+Q$#F2X
(C) the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy ga BVD*>
plants X
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(D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants ?<