考博英语阅读很大的难点在于生词无法知其意,这对解题时造成很大的障碍,freekaobo整理了考博英语阅读:根据五种构词法猜测词义的方法,希望对考博生们有所帮助。 - $/{V&?t
英语构词法主要有以下五种: xF+x I6
派生法 Derivation Hf|:
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转化法 Conversion #TF
合成法 Compounding kO"aE~
拼缀法 Blending a8c]B/
首字母缩略法 Acronymizing PyE<`E
1. 派生法 Derivation El}z^e
派生法: 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新词。 "//
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例如: uncontroversial, oversimplification, disqualify, reclaim, irrelevant ;r}<o?'RM
前缀: dis- , in- , im- , il- , ir- , re- , un- , non-, over-, etc. >@iV!!
后缀: -able , -al , -an , -ful , -ive , -er , -ese , -ist , -ment , -ness , -tion , -fy , -ian , -ing , is(z)e , -ly , -teen , -ty , -th , -y , etc. NebZGD2K
由前缀e- , cyber- , hyper-等构成的网络新词汇也层出不穷。如: I]1fH
E-currency电子货币 &T}e93]
E-paper 电子报 m
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m/C
cyberculture 网络文化 YdaJ&
hyperterminal 超级终端的 d a9 *>+[
2. 转化法 Conversion yRDLg
c
转化法:由某一词性转化成另一词性,其意义也会发生一定的变化。 R?I3xb
例如: a}\JA`5;)Z
Democratic delegates restored to their party platform Wednesday the position that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel, reversing a controversial omission that had angered some Jewish organizations and drew criticism from Republicans that President Obama was distancing the United States from its closest ally in the Middle East. k/O&,T77}J
例文中的 “distance”用作动词,意为 “疏远,与……保持距离”。 krU2S-
3. 合成法 Compounding _Qas+8NW
合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。例如: +a;j>hh
blackboard, man-made, overthrow, spacecraft, output, time-out, borderline, underwrite, stock-market, debt-reduction , grassroots, get-tough-on-the-press strategy(对媒体采取强硬策略), get-rich-quick business model(快钱商业模式), government shutdown (政府停摆) RJM(+5xQ|
如今,英语中出现了web, net和virtual 构成的大量网络复合词。如: d-aF-
webTV 网络电视, netfiles 网络文件,virtualbox,etc. 8Qh/=Ir
4. 拼綴法 Blending f[D#QC
拼缀法:由两个词剪裁复合而成,既可使文字活泼,又可节省用词,在新闻英语里十分常见。 P2kZi=0
例如: %e(,PL
robodocs = robot + doctor 机器医生(指远程用电脑行医) E3qX$|.$/
holidazed = holiday + dazed 节日忙得头脑发昏 HS7!O
autocide = automobile + suicide 撞车自杀 @@ QU"8q
chunnel = channel+ tunnel 水底隧道 >Ko )Z&j9W
smog = smoke+ fog 雾霾 gUcE,L
medicaid = medical+ aid 医疗救助 Pcc%VQN
workfare = work+ welfare 劳动福利 {U9jA
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netizen = net+citizen 网民 !p$V7pFu6
psywar = psychological + warfare 心理战 {ig@Iy~DT
telex = teleprinter + exchanger 电传 ]F~5l?4u#
stagflation = stagnation + inflation 经济滞涨 Zl)|x%z
5. 首字母缩略法 Acronymizing JcP'+@X"
ISBN: International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号 `}bUf epMJ
VIP: very important person 贵宾,大人物 <~3 aaO
A&E: accident and emergency 急诊科 Jc+U$h4
ATM: automated teller machine 自动提款机 pP#?|
BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司
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CEO: chief executive officer 总裁, 首席执行官 SO%5 ts
GDP: gross domestic product 国内生产总值 vR,'':
GNP: gross national product 国民生产总值 (bw;zNW
GP: general practitioner 全科医生 7]Egu D4
GRE: Graduate Record Examination 研究生入学资格考试 d dPJx<
GPA: grade point average 各科成绩的平均积点分 O]>Or3oO
HKSAR: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 香港特别行政区 ">o/\sXeH
ICU: intensive care unit 重症监护室 ch&r.
WHO: World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 Qmrcng}P