考博英语翻译汉译英题目中由于文化上的差异，有时直译原文就会使读者感到费解，甚至误解。这时，就有必要借用汉语中意义相同或相近、且具有自己鲜明文化色彩的表达法对原文加以归化。归化翻译法常用于处理某些英语成语、典故、形象词语等一类文化色彩较浓的表达方式。恰倒好处地归化可以使译文地道简洁、生动活泼，便于读者理解和接受。下面freekaobo给大家展示一些用到归化法的例子，希望考博生们活学活用。 uO1^Q;F
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as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠 wrJQkven-
(在西方文化中，兔子是胆小的象征，而在我国，兔子却象征着机警敏捷。人们常说：“静若处子，动若脱兔。”鼠在我国才是胆小的象征，所以翻译时直接加以归化。) Z6gwAvf<
at a stone's throw一箭之遥 :c]y/lQmV
wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡 3\ajnd|
as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪 MMa`}wSs
as stubborn as a mule 犟得像牛 J L_(%._J
seek a hare in a hen's nest 缘木求鱼 ]kNxytH\o
as dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶 n2*Ua/J-8
lead a dog's life 过着牛马一样的生活
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cry up wine and sell vinegar 挂羊头，卖狗肉 lg-`zV3
put back the clock 开倒车 1<x5{/CZ
talk horse 吹牛 N/-(~r[
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵 a. u{b&+9
drink like a fish 牛饮 TH4f"h+B3"
(1) Once the wife of a parson， always the wife of a parson. & z
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嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。 LL:N/1ysG
(2)One boy is a boy， two boys half a boy， three boys no boy. UV% o&tv|<
一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。 >.39OQ#
(3) I was limp as a dish rag. My back felt as through it had been beaten with wires. m?Jnb\0
我软得像一团棉花，脊背疼痛得好像被钢丝抽打过一样。 6/QWzw.0c
(原文中limp as a dish rag，如直译为“像洗碟布一样柔软”，既不地道，又让人产生一种较恶心的感觉，不如用汉语中常说的“软得像一团棉花”加以归化。) MeV4s%*O+
(4) Everybody said how well the new Secretary was doing， but old Mr. Carr said shortly，“Yes. New brooms sweep clean.” 3 |e~YmZx
人人都说新任秘书干得好，但卡尔老先生却简慢地说：“新官上任三把火。” S%]4['Y
(原文new brooms sweep clean的字面意思是“新扫把扫得干净”，比喻“新任职的人干得好”，和汉语中的“新官上任三把火”异曲同工，貌离神合。) 1\-lAk!
(5) Among the blind the one-eyed man is King. fX:G;vYn
山中无老虎，猴子称霸王。 L ) _ VdB
(6) Last night I heard him driving his pig to market. [PrJf"Z "
昨夜我听到他鼾声如雷。 8f? o?c|
(7) Who would have thought of Mr.Mottram doing so well? And so many of his friends，too， that used to stay here? We were entertaining angels unawares. z xv y&
谁知道摩特兰先生干得那么出色?还有他那许多朋友，原来都住在这儿的，谁知道呀?我们真是有眼无珠。 pOy(XUV9O
(8) It was， as Bill afterwards expressed it， “during a moment of temporary mental apparition”， but we didn't find that out till later. %RIu'JXi
恰如后来比尔说的那样，那阵子简直是“一时鬼迷心窍”.不过，我们直到后来才明白了这个意思。 >SZuN"r8`
(apparition在原文中是鬼魂或幽灵出现的意思。mental apparition直译是“心中有鬼”，这就很容易给人造成误解，因此需要多少将原形象适当地转换一下。) y}Qq S
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(9) They will be ice-skating in hell the day， when I vote the aid for them. 10dK%/6/O
要我投票赞成给他们援助，除非太阳从西边出来。 H b!A\; >
(ice-skating in hell如译成“在地狱里滑冰”就很难为中国读者所理解和接受。) }sZy |dd
(10)。 “Until her husband won the pools， she was the most commonplace， dowdy， illiterate creature imaginable，but now that she dresses herself up like a society queen and nearly always remembers to sound her aitches， people are already beginning to forget what she was like before. 0 0W_XhJ
”Fine feathers make fine birds.“ h 1 j1PRE
”过去没有比她更平平常常、无知无识而又邋邋遢遢的了，自从她男人赢得全部赌注以后，她打扮得象个社交皇后，总是记住发H的音，人们开始忘记她以前是什么样子了。“ {=^< yK2q
”人靠衣裳马靠鞍嘛。“ @bFl8-
(11) I'd much rather see her once or twice and not do anything about it——what could I do about it anyway? She's a bit out of my class， don't you think? If I did try to do anything， I'd only get sent off with a flea in my ear. gcM(K.n
我宁愿见她一两面就算了──我还能干什么呢?你没看到她和我不怎么相称吗?我要干点什么，也只会碰一鼻子灰。 |[bQJ<v6
(原文a flea in one's ear的字面意思是”耳朵上有个跳蚤“，用来比喻”讥讽的话，刺耳的话“.send sb. off with a flea in one's ear意思是”用讥讽的话气走某人“，与汉语”碰一鼻子灰“意思相近，但如译为”用讥讽话气走某人“，则过于平淡，远不如”碰一鼻子灰“生动、俏皮。) z_&T>ME
(12) He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him ”magpie“. d D^?%,a
他如此唠叨，同伴们给他起了个 ”麻雀“的外号。 ] %5gPfv[T
(英语中 ”喜鹊“ 喻义 ”唠叨、饶舌“，但在汉语中 ”喜鹊“ 却象征着 ”喜事、吉祥“，而 ”麻雀“ 表示 ”唠叨、饶舌“，所以用归化法。) {>&M:_`k
(13) There's a people's court waiting for him. His God-damned head is going to be separated from his God-damned neck. :)Nk
人民法庭正等着他。狗头就要和狗脖子分家呢。 (n{!~' 3
(原文God-damned意为”该死的“，但如译成”该死的头“、”该死的脖子“远不如”狗头“、”狗脖子“痛快。) Zvz}Z8jW
(14) I'm a diplomat， a linguist， altogether a bespectacled cream puff. =?B[oq
我是个外交官，一个语言学家，总而言之，是个戴眼镜的银样邋枪头。 1UH_"Q0 3
(原文cream puff的字面意思是”奶油松饼“，比喻”中看不中用的人“，和汉语中的”银样邋枪头“意思相近。但如直译成”奶油松饼“，则不易为汉语读者所接受。归化后，既能保存原意，又能为汉语读者所接受。) ,S3uY6,
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采用归化时，要避免走极端，不要用汉语民族文化色彩太浓的词(如：历史人物、地理名词等)来归化英语习语，否则译文会让人感觉不伦不类。 < daBP[
(1) Beauty lies in lover's eyes. H! g9~a
情人眼里出美人。 Ef6LBNWY.
(此处就不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的 ”情人眼里出西施“.译者怎能把中国古代美女西施搬到西方作品中去呢?) kh*td(pfP9
(2) Many heads are better than one. p["20 ?^
一人不及众人计。 < d hBO
(此处就不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的 ”三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮“.如把历史人物诸葛亮搬到西方作品中去，总让人感到不伦不类的。) MW.,} f
(3) Never offer to teach fish to swim. v/C*?/ ~
不要教鱼儿游泳。 9O#?r 82
(此处也不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的 ”不要班门弄斧“、 ”不要关公面前耍大刀“.) Yh;A
