博士论文写作套路笔记总结

议论文三要素：论点、论据、论证

考试类型有三类：

一、表明观点型
直接表明观点
在两个观点中选择一个进行表达

二、比较分析型
比较两个立场之后确定自己的立场

三、原因/结果型
讨论某一现象的根源或者其后果

真题分析：

表明观点：
97/Explain the roles that scientists
play in society.

2002.3/With her entry into the WTO, China
is being plunged into an international
competition for talents, and in particular, for
higher level talents. To face this new challenge,
china must do something, among other things,
to reform her graduate (postgraduate)
education system. State your opinion about
this reform, and give the solid supporting
details to your viewpoint.

2003/10 My idea of professional ethics for
a scientist.

2001/科大 Write an article of about 300
words in which you explain the value of
education.

99/To what extent should university courses be
geared to the economic needs of the society?
Discuss.

2002/10 As a young scientist, which life would
you prefer to live: common or uncommon?
Why?

98/ In China more and more young couples
living in the city prefer to live a life without
children. Do you support this idea or not?
Please comment and state your viewpoint.

比较分析：

99/To what extent should university courses be
geared to the economic needs of the society?
Discuss.

2002/10 As a young scientist, which life would
you prefer to live: common or uncommon?
Why?

98/ In China more and more young couples
living in the city prefer to live a life without
children. Do you support this idea or not?
Please comment and state your viewpoint.

附加/The advantages and disadvantages
of internet

附加/The advantages and disadvantages
of cell phones

附加/The advantages and disadvantages
of college enrollment expansion

原因/结果：
99/What do you think the self detached
from the social and cultural context?

附加/What do you think of the tendency that
cities are becoming bigger and bigger.

附加/What do you think of the phenomenon
that raising pets is becoming more and more
popular in today’s society.

附加/What effects that popularity of
computer knowledge will bring about?

实例分析：

表明观点：

直接表明：
Is failure a bad thing
It is unlikely that one does not fail to do
something in his life because no one can
overcome the limitations in him. Sometimes
we cannot make an achievement though we
have worked hard, for we have no chance of
success. Therefore, failure is quite common in
life and career.

phone
The popularity of telephone makes more
and more people rarely write to their
families or friends, for a call seems able
to do everything. Since a phone is so direct
and convenient, why not make full use of it?

Work and play
“There are twenty-four hours in a day. Some
for work some for play.” This is the first poem
I have learned in English many years ago. I
can still remember it today, not only because it
is easy to recite but also because there is
something there. This is quite true because we
human beings, unlike machines, have flesh and
blood, soul and feelings. We cannot work all
the time without any form of play.

比较之后表明：

With the development of the living
standard, some Chinese families can afford a
private car. Yet opinions of the development of
private cars vary from person to person. Some
claim that there are many advantages in owning
a car, others strongly object to developing
private cars. In my opinion, a private car can
bring us a lot of conveniences.

With the development of the living standard,
some Chinese families can afford a private car.
Yet opinions of the development of private
cars vary from person to person. Some claim
that there are many advantages in owning a
car, others strongly object to developing
private cars. In my opinion, there are many
good reasons against owning a car.

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