写作的“七项基本原则” 5[Yzi> o[
一、 长短句原则 ]I#yS=;
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: C<\|4ERp
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. bi bjFg
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! $!x8XpR8s
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 Y\len
二、 主题句原则 G.,dP+i
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! /bj
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特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! T^ ^o
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. DUxj^,mf,
三、 一二三原则 9BPucXK
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 hSq3LoHV
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) !
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2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) u+GtH;<;
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) k"V| f&
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) H\7Qf8s|{
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) POQRq%w
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) :;S]jNy}j)
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) w^?uBeqR
8)most important of all, moreover, finally R g7 O
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) W~J@v@..4
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) ,mR$YT8
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚! {1.t ZCMT
四、 短语优先原则 o[W7'
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写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: C d)j%
I cannot bear it.
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可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. ixZ w;+h
I want it. -(4)lw>U
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. TOp|Qt
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这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。 u;m[,
五、 多实少虚原则 ^~k2(DLk
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如: [!B($c|\
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room M/XxiF
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room #;?j]npg]
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room &)@|WLW
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room JyY-@GF
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room l(Dkmt>^
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩! fX=o,=-f
六、 多变句式原则 I^*&u,
1)加法(串联) [hE0 9W
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: j_\nsM7
I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. }=CL/JHz
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: s*<\mwB
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. AvF:$kG
其它的短语可以用: Ww&~ZZZ {
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover !iBe/yb
2)转折(拐弯抹角) *5'U3py
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 SXfuPM
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. B@Acm
The coat was thin, but it was warm. )&R^J;W$M1
更多的短语: x_&=IyU0j
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding $xRZU9+
3)因果(so, so, so) G9y
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昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! l<fZt#T
The snow began to fall, so we went home. cNX,%
更多短语: J
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then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that nX,2jT;@L
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) jiS|ara"
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 am>X7
举例:This is what I can do. TX7B (JZD
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. `NIc*B4q.
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: zrD];DP
When to go, Why he goes away… ^B[%|{cO
5)附加(多此一举) QJ{to%
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 Wez"E2J`
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. b'\a
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I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. $6\-8zNk
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. `uRf*-
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 e_3KNQ`kA
6)排比(排山倒海句) pAwmQS\W
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! )U4h?J
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. # 3{g6[Y
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. uM3F[p%V^
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) jA ?tDAx`
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可! \Kh@P*7
七、 挑战极限原则 qkX}pQkG)h
既然是挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! XI6LPA0%
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: jn+NX)9
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. .;6G?8`
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. wm@/>X
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! ,>-Q
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文章主体段落三大杀手锏 `V N $
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一、举实例 4fe$0mye
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! d~[^D<5,D
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they find him or her. W?W vT`
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更多句型: I W_:nm6
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example Z
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二、做比较 (`0dO8
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; ^Pc>/lY$Q%
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语:
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相似的比较: Kgi| 7w
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner [oOA@
相反的比较: .hh2II
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, … M,Y lhL
三、换言之 ?L|Jc_E
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 x~."P*5
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! /f!_dJ^
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. {},rbQ
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I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you. 0`X%&
或者上面我们举过的例子: 7#Qa/[? D
I cannot bear it. _q([k_4h
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. *"E?n>b
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it. mfu>j,7l
更多短语: [c?']<f4
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply