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考博英语写作技巧
本来想上传附件大家下载的 可是没有找到怎么传 只好贴上来给大家看看了 希望能有用!
开头万能公式:[font=ˎ̥] Flxvhl)L
[font=ˎ̥]1.[font=ˎ̥] 开头万能公式一:名人名言[font=ˎ̥] QYb33pN| 有人问了,[font=ˎ̥]“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?[font=ˎ̥]”,很好办:编![font=ˎ̥] YV4#%I!< 原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧?[font=ˎ̥] _?voU 经典句型:[font=ˎ̥] P>Euq'ajX A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)[font=ˎ̥] -D^A:}$ It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. s?Uh| BfB (适用于自编名言)[font=ˎ̥] xda;
K~w 更多经典句型:[font=ˎ̥] 2?C`4AR[2H As everyone knows, No one can deny that… HS>f1
! 2.[font=ˎ̥] 开头万能公式二:数字统计[font=ˎ̥] RF!a// 原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。[font=ˎ̥] _M[,!{ C 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型:[font=ˎ̥] hJz):d>Im According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college YT/kC'A students wanted to further their study after their graduation. h4pTq[4* 看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造:[font=ˎ̥] `~UZU@/x Honesty
mV^Zy 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中[font=ˎ̥]78%都是假的。[font=ˎ̥] l%R50aL Travel by Bike DD9 ?V}Yx 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,[font=ˎ̥]85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。[font=ˎ̥] 7r+g8+4 Youth dUznxZB 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的[font=ˎ̥]70%都是在休闲娱乐。[font=ˎ̥] 2O"P2(1}v Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? w6dFb6~R 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,[font=ˎ̥]98%的人同意每周五天工作日。[font=ˎ̥] Rv,JU6>i 更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] R1:k23{ A recent statistics shows that … 0Z<I%<8bK
结尾万能公式:[font=ˎ̥] Xd E`d.
[font=ˎ̥]1.[font=ˎ̥] 结尾万能公式一:如此结论[font=ˎ̥] <!$:8ls 说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个[font=ˎ̥]“总而言之[font=ˎ̥]”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子:[font=ˎ̥] ,B&fFis Obviously(此为过渡短语)[font=ˎ̥], we can draw the conclusion that good \k`n[{ manners arise from politeness and respect for others. l&VjUPz_ 如果读者很难[font=ˎ̥]“显而见之[font=ˎ̥]”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了![font=ˎ̥] Mr--4D0Hk 更多过渡短语:[font=ˎ̥] G!8Z~CPF to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus dUgrKDNyA 更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] vkS)E0s Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… U`Jy!x2m 2.[font=ˎ̥] 结尾万能公式二:如此建议[font=ˎ̥] &Lt[WT$ 如果说[font=ˎ̥]“如此结论[font=ˎ̥]”是结尾最没用的废话,那么[font=ˎ̥]“如此建议[font=ˎ̥]”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽![font=ˎ̥] @\oz4^ Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve @ ''GPL@ the problem. 6ZgU"!|r 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢?[font=ˎ̥] &~UJf4b|A 更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] xt'tL:d Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. #zrTY9m7 Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be @cRZk`|1n taken. jEc|]E
写作的[font=ˎ̥]“七项基本原则[font=ˎ̥]”:一、[font=ˎ̥] 长[font=ˎ̥] 短[font=ˎ̥] 句原则[font=ˎ̥] \ 6EKgC1
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:[font=ˎ̥] sG~<M"znV As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is Iu~\L0R427 to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to `G1&Z]z satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite .t&R>9cZ^ similar.
O=) 如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记![font=ˎ̥] }7{t^>;D 强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、[font=ˎ̥]
Z3;!l 主[font=ˎ̥] 题[font=ˎ̥] 句原则[font=ˎ̥] T{]~07N? 国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成[font=ˎ̥]“群龙无首[font=ˎ̥]”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事![font=ˎ̥] 5dx&Qu'}ZS 特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的![font=ˎ̥] o }Tz"bN To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully #B'aU#$u prepared before the exam(主题句)[font=ˎ̥]. Without sufficient preparation, x#~ x;) you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、[font=ˎ̥] c/L>>t 一[font=ˎ̥] 二[font=ˎ̥] 三原则[font=ˎ̥] @4%L36k 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点[font=ˎ̥]… in<Rq"L 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的[font=ˎ̥]“标签[font=ˎ̥]”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。[font=ˎ̥] at!Y3VywG 1)[font=ˎ̥]first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] ` b !5^W 2)[font=ˎ̥]firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] r
_,_5
@0e 3)[font=ˎ̥]the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] K.C>
a:J 4)[font=ˎ̥]in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, z
eP}tzQO lastly(不推荐,原因:俗)[font=ˎ̥] : FAH\ 5)[font=ˎ̥]to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] s57N) 0kP 6)[font=ˎ̥]to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] _!xD8Di# 7)[font=ˎ̥]first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)[font=ˎ̥] ggtDN{t 8)[font=ˎ̥]most important of all, moreover, finally 8,
?v?uE 9)[font=ˎ̥]on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)[font=ˎ̥] /Y[~-Y+!, 10)[font=ˎ̥]for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)[font=ˎ̥] F Kc;W 建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、[font=ˎ̥] 短语优先原则[font=ˎ̥] k)S.]!u&G 写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点[font=ˎ̥]—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:[font=ˎ̥] A]`El8_t" I cannot bear it. KDi|( 可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥]I cannot put up with it. 8pM
>Co! I want it. ZA~Z1Mro#" 可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥]I am looking forward to it. ?[ly`>KpJ 这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、[font=ˎ̥] 多实少虚原则[font=ˎ̥] QH4wUU3X 原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说[font=ˎ̥]nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如[font=ˎ̥]generous, Nd:R"
p*8 humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital I3u{zHVwI 之类的形象词。再比如:[font=ˎ̥] F0~k1TDw 走出房间,[font=ˎ̥]general的词是:[font=ˎ̥]walk out of the room [\)oo 但是小偷走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]slip out of the room hlvt$Jwq *****走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]sail out of the room Jsg
I' 小孩走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]dance out of the room *, Ld/O;s 老人走出房间应该说:[font=ˎ̥]stagger out of the room \8uo{#cL8 所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、[font=ˎ̥] 多变句式原则[font=ˎ̥] t^=U*~ 1)加法(串联)[font=ˎ̥] y#ON|c
/ 都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加[font=ˎ̥]and, y-?>*fNo 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:[font=ˎ̥]
NW$H"}+o I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. O(2cWQ 如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:[font=ˎ̥] >QQ(m\a$ Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. kg5ev8 其它的短语可以用:[font=ˎ̥] ,7]k fB besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover r'/;O 2)转折(拐弯抹角)[font=ˎ̥] @z6!a 批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。[font=ˎ̥] # jYpVc{] The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. &Y|Xd4: The coat was thin, but it was warm. Z{-Lc68 更多的短语:[font=ˎ̥] O[~x_xeW despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, a+41|)pt despite, notwithstanding wWW~_zP0 3)因果([font=ˎ̥]so, so, so)[font=ˎ̥]
V+MK'<#B 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友[font=ˎ̥]…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系![font=ˎ̥] `&7RMa4= The snow began to fall, so we went home. 4Wel[] 更多短语:[font=ˎ̥] 1V&PtI3!! then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a eOO+>%Z
result, for this reason, so that $FM'
3%B[ 4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)[font=ˎ̥] ^~ =9 有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。[font=ˎ̥] dFW=9ru+MQ 举例:[font=ˎ̥]This is what I can do. sOFa!bdPW Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. }amU[U, 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:[font=ˎ̥] dZ2%S''\ When to go, Why he goes away… R zR?&J 5)附加(多此一举)[font=ˎ̥] >mu)/kl 如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。[font=ˎ̥] 'E]A.3-Mt The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. =iz,S:[ I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. 6k0^ x Q Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. :Z`4j 其实很简单,同位语[font=ˎ̥]--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句[font=ˎ̥]—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是[font=ˎ̥]whom 3><u*0qe%I or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。[font=ˎ̥] zok D:c 6)排比(排山倒海句)[font=ˎ̥] V2znU 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势![font=ˎ̥] IhonnLLW Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated GG-[`!>.pw or simple, there is plenty in London for you. =V $j6 Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such &~~s6
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean zhEo(kU!
tides. L/r{xS
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, 0Qd%iP)6 to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏)[font=ˎ̥] $C_M&O} 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、[font=ˎ̥] 挑战极限原则[font=ˎ̥] r'aY2n^O 既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀![font=ˎ̥] +uQB
rG 原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上[font=ˎ̥]5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如:[font=ˎ̥] >9(
i)e The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb F-0Ud
V the Western Hills. _vrWj<wyf Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about !oMt_k X three times that of China. jMU9{Si 如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪![font=ˎ̥] } p'8w\C$ 文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例[font=ˎ̥] Z;<ep@gy~
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子![font=ˎ̥] 'h*Zc}Q: In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted 1r4,XSk every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as +WF.wP?y sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. UC!5
wVY For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will hZuYdV{'h ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the \iZ1W seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. \3^Pjx 更多句型:[font=ˎ̥] R;THA! To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, Ak=UtDN[ for example二、做比较[font=ˎ̥] dF,DiRD 方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的;[font=ˎ̥] QkX@QQT? 世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点([font=ˎ̥] through M {x ie comparison)和不同点([font=ˎ̥] through contrast)。下面是一些短语:[font=ˎ̥] raQYn?[ 相似的比较:[font=ˎ̥] k+\7B}7F in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner RndOm.TE 相反的比较:[font=ˎ̥] FOp_[rR
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, a;p6?kv nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, Mf7E72{D …三、换言之[font=ˎ̥] r5)f82pQ 没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。[font=ˎ̥] P%!q1`Eke( 实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字[font=ˎ̥] I love you! w4}(Ab<Y I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. IMR$x(g=
F I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love SRk7gfP*q with you. }rxFS
<j 或者上面我们举过的例子:[font=ˎ̥] u
N&M\( I cannot bear it. 2V<
# Y 可以用短语表达:[font=ˎ̥] I cannot put up with it. }q x(z^ 因此可以这样说:[font=ˎ̥] I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with j)@oRWL< it or I am fed up with it. .Bijc G 更多短语:[font=ˎ̥] F\P!NSFZV in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more |Kn^w4mN simply
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