kaobo0102

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正序阅读 ┊ 只看楼主 ┊ 小中大

求考博英语辅导讲座录音

求张能彦的考博英语辅导讲座录音，听了前面2节，觉得很好，不知上那里买

评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

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lawland

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9楼发表于: 2009-01-06

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谢谢

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hxliu

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8楼发表于: 2007-05-17

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谢谢

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limingli

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关注

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minibear

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大家都很关注。

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丫头119

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nanafly

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地下室发表于: 2007-02-03

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我没有,有,早拿来共享了!

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kaobo0102

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谢谢版主回复和提供相关资料
我是从从网上下到他前面讲的两节讲课mp3，觉得讲得不错，平时工作忙，没有太多的时间复习，想听一下他的录音，如能购买到也行

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nanafly

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板凳发表于: 2007-02-03

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考博英语冲刺讲义
张能彦
Section One Listening Comprehension
1. Short dialogue
2. Passage listening
3. Dictation and sentence completion
4. Short answer

Section Two Structure and Error correction
1. Multiple choice
1. How close parents are to their children _____ a strong influence on the character of the children.
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
2. The captain, as well as the coaches,_____ by Xiao Zhou's performance in the match.
A. was impressed B. had impressed C. impressed D. be impressed
3. Hardly a month goes by without ______ of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U. S. citizens.
A. words

B. a word

C. the word

D. wordhttp://www.freekaobo.com
4. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you ______ you need.
A. all of information



B. all the informations


C. all of the informations



D. all the information


5. The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half ______.
A. of last year’s

B. those of last year’s
C. of those of last year

D. that of last year’s
6. Talk to anyone in the drug industry, ______ you’ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.
A. or

B. and

C. for

D. so
7. The goods _____ when we arrived at the airport.
A. were just unloaded B. were just being unloaded
C. were just been unloaded D. had just unloaded
8. The second book was _____ by August 1996. but two years later, the end was still nowhere in sight.
A. to complete B. completed
C. to have been completed D. to have completed
9. For my own part, it seems that the main requirement of an international language is that it ______.
A. would be easily learned

B. is easily learned
C. will be easily learned

D. be easily learned

10. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ______ so formally.
A. needn’t dress up

B. did not need have dressed up
C. did not need dress up

D. needn’t have dressed up
11. The business of each day, ______ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
A. it being

B. be it

C. was it

D. it was
12. Sometimes very young children have trouble ______ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.
A. for separating

B. to separate
C. having separated

D. separating
13. ______ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.
A. To give

B. Given

C. Giving

D. Having given
14. Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains ______. (96-1-6)
A. to be shown

B. to have shown
C. to have been shownhttp://www.freekaobo.com

D. being shown
15. Iceland lies far north in the Atlantic, with its northern most tip actually ______ the Arctic Circle.
A. touched

B. touches

C. touching

D. being touched
16. When Jane fell off the bike, the other children ______.
A. were not able to help laughter

B. could not help but laughing
C. could not help laughing

D. could not help to laugh
11. It is better to die on one’s feet than ______.
A. living on one’s knees

B. live on one’s knees
C. on one’s knees

D. to live on one’s knees
17. ______ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
A. To be free

B. Freeing

C. To free

D. Freed
18. The local health organization is reported ______ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president.
A. to be set up

B. being set up
C. to have been set up

D. having been set up
19. All flights ______ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.
A. were canceled

B. had been canceled
C. having canceled

D. having been canceled
20. ______, we started looking for work.. (2001-2)
A. Having all the money been spent

B. Having been spent all the money
C. All the money having spent

D. All the money having been spent
答案：D 句中分词结构和语句在不是同一主语，且根据题意，分词应为被动态。
译文：花完了所有的钱，我们开始找工作。
21. The government is believed to be considering ______ a law making it a crime to import any kind of weapon.
A. to pass

B. to have passed

C. passing

D. having passed
22. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style ______ in a personal one.
A. rather than

B. other than

C. better than

D. less than
23. The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates ______ a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.
A. and

B. as

C. but

D. or
24. Once they had fame, fortune, secure futures; ______ is utter poverty.
A. now that all is left

B. now all that is left
C. now all which is left

D. now all what is left
25. Britain’s press is unusual ______ it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press. (95-6-6)
A. in how

B. in what

C. in which

D. in that
26. ______ your opinions are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them.
A. As

B. Since

C. Provided

D. While

27. Man has used metals for centuries in gradually increasing quantities but it was ______ the Industrial Revolution that they came to be employed in really vast quantities.
A. till

B. until

C. not until

D. not till
28. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than ______ in traditional media.
A. exist

B. exists

C. existing

D. to exist

29. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ______ obtaining water is not the least.
A. of which

B. for what

C. as

D. whose
句意：居住在澳大利亚沙漠中有其自身的问题，其中，获取水是很严峻的问题。
解析：答案[A]。此题测试非限定性定语从句。which 的先行词是problems, of which 就等于of the problems，即“在这些问题中”。
30. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ______ his argument in favor of the new theory.
A. which to base on

B. on which to base
C. to base on which

D. which to be based on

2. Error correction
1. The new technology has made possible for the doctor to make diagnoses without seeing the
A B C
patient in person.
D

2. Customers are asked to ensure that they have given correct change before leaving the shophttp://www.freekaobo.com
A B C
as mistakes cannot be afterwards remedied.
D
3. This research program is financed by two funds, the largest of which could last for two years.
A B C D

4. The fact which a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor does not mean that he
A B C
will indeed be able to act well on the stage.
D
5.Other guests at yesterday' opening, which was broadcast alive by the radio station, included
A B C D
the princess and her husband.

6. In modern industrious areas, sociocultural change is occurring at an accelerated rate.
A B C D

7. Although Graham spent years struggle against the disapproval of audiences who disliked the
A B
and ridiculed her work, the power and substance of her unique vision proved in the end to be
C
undeniable.
D

8. Following the foundation of new universities at such as places as York and Lancaster, hopes
A B C
for a university at Stamfoprd ran high
D
9. At the local level individual authorities, which have rather greater freedom in planning than
A B C
their English counterparts, have been actively in encouraging investment.
D

10. The detailed study of fossils, rather like a crime investigation, it involves the piecing together
A B C
of many diverse fragments of evidence.
D
11. Today, Guinness is the World’s widely distributed beer produced in over 40 countries and sell
A B C
in around 130.
D 答案为C。应该使用被动语态，将sell改成sold。
12. While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole Western
A
tradition, it’s present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon.
B C D
13. On each side of the highway was hundreds of billboards advertising everything from
A B C
modern motels to roadside stands that sell fresh fruit and bedspreads.
D

14. Each culture has its own distinctive ways of seeing, feeling, thinking, speaking,
A B
believing, and just like no two humans are identical in all respects, so no two cultures
C D
are identical in all respects.
15. If one does not pick up his dry-cleaning within thirty days, the management is not
A B
obligated to return it back.
C D
Proofreading
1. Homes could start been connected to the Internet through electrical outlets. 2. In this way, consumers and business may find easier to make cheaper telephone calls under new rules that the Federal Communications Commission began preparing on Thursday. 3. Taking together, the new rules could profoundly affect the architecture of the Internet and the services it provides. 4. They also have enormous implications for consumers, the telephone and energy industries, equipment manufacturers. Michael K. Powell, the F. C. C. chairman, and his two Republican colleagues on the five-member commission said that 5 .a 4-to-1 vote on Thursday to allow a small company providing computer-to- computer phone connections to operate in different rules from ordinary phone companies, would ultimately transform the telecommunications industry and the Internet. 6. “This is a reflecting of the commission’s commitment to bring tomorrow’s technology to consumers today”. Said Mr. Power. He added
that 7. the rules governing the new phone services sought to make them as wide available as e-mail. 8. and possible much less expensive than traditional phones. And given their lower regulatory costs. At the same time, 9, once while the rules allowing delivery of the Internet through power lines are completed. 10. companies could provide consumers with the ability to plug their modems directly into wall sockets, just like they do with a toaster, or a desk lamp.

Section Three Vocabulary
1. Substitution
1. The very sight of the imposing buildings assured these tourists of the significant changes in this city.
A. instinctive B. impressive C. institutional D. imaginary
2. The accepted criteria of adequate diet have been challenged by new discoveries in nutrition.
A. formations B. components C. standards D. ingredients
3. Senior citizens are advised to go in for some creative activities to keep themselves mentally young.
A. search for B. invest in C. engage in D. work out

4. Presumably, excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.http://www.freekaobo.com
A. Theoretically B. Practically C. Incredibly D. Probably
5. The sitting – room feels comfortable with the fireplace shedding warm and faint light.
A. giving off B. calling off C. shaking off D. putting off
6. The nasty language of local officials makes them seem very ignorant and rude.
A. artificial B. indecent C. humorous D. lively
7. We shouldn't treat children as peers or friends, but guide them in making their choices, even if it means with some discipline.
A. persuasion B. punishment C. rewards D. criticism
8. Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong , but it is adversely affected by sunlight.
A. soft B. sheer C. fragile D. refined
9. It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.
A. apparently B. slightly C. considerably D. steadily
10. The new government embarked upon a programme of radical economic reform.
A. initiated B. produced C. adopted D. implemented
11. In the accident three men were trapped in a submerged vehicle, and their only hope was another man whose legs were broken.
A. wrecked B. burnt C. overturned D. sunk
12. Nearly eleven thousand people have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading.
A. criticizing B. neglecting C. blaming D. disclosing
13. There are some things in the class the teachers will not put up with.
A. tolerate B. contribute C. resist D. prohibit
14. Despite the dangers and difficulties in fighting with the terrorists, the soldiers were resolute.
A. defensive B. aggressive C. stubborn D. firm
15. Born in 1932, he retired as a foreign correspondent for the Polish Press Agency in 1981, by which time his three books had started to come out.
A. be subscribed B. be published C. be popular D. be written

2. Multiple choice
16. Sometimes we buy magazine with absolutely no purpose___________ to pass time.
A. rather than B. other than C. as well D. except for
17. Those who _________ women’s liberation movement continue to hope, and work, for a change.
A. consist in B. believe in C. indulge in D. result in
18. Finding out about these universities has become easy for anyone with Internet ___________.
A. entrance B. admission C. access D. entry
19. How strange it is that the habit he developed in his childhood still ____________ him.
A. takes to B. clings to C. attends to D. adds to
20. The three disrespectful sons began to feel worried about the ultimate _______of the family's property.
A. proposal B. disposal C. removal D. salvation
21. Chemists, physicists and mathematicians are ______________ known as scientists.
A. collectively B. alternatively C. cognitively D. exclusively
22. The national government is to make every effort to _________ the will of the people.
A. execute B. exceed C. excite D. exhaust
23. There are often discouraging predictions that have not been __________by actual events.
A. verified B. utilized C. mobilized D. modfied
24. Tom was _____________of a crime he didn’t commit. He fought for many years to clear his name.
A. convicted B. convinced C. conceived D. condemned
25. Actor Pierce Brosnan may play the deadly super soy in the movies, but a real life he is a _________ father and a loving husband.
A. devastated B. deserved C. desperate D. devoted
26. The years of practice, of developing my special technique, are just about to ___________.
A. turn up B. figure out C. pay off D. clear away
27. Like most foreigners, I ask a lot of questions, some of which are insultingly silly. But everyone I __________ has answered those questions with patience and honesty.
A. come across B. come by C. come over D. come into
28. Now when talking about economic reform I am very ____________ aware of the shadow
hanging over most African countries’ debt.
A. well B. far C. much D. greatly
29. This procedure describes how suggestions for improvements to the systems are _________.
A. celebrated B. proceeded C. generated D. established
30. "Since we are exchanging ___________, I too have a secret to reveal,” said Mary.
A. transferences B. transactions C. confidences D. promises

Section Four Cloze

1. Multiple Choice
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous-misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 5 as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, __6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 8 to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also 13 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 17 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 18 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
1. A. acting B. relying C. centering D. commenting
2. A. before B. unless C. until D. because
3. A. interaction B. assimilation C. cooperation D. consultation
4. A. return B. reply C. reference D. response
5. A. or B. but rather C. but D. or else
6. A. considering B. ignoring C. highlighting D. discarding
7. A. on B. in C. for D. with
8. A. immune B. resistant C. sensitive D. subject
9. A. affect B. reduce C. check D. reflect
10. A. point B. lead C. come D. amount
11. A. in general B. on average C. by contrast D. at length
12. A. case B. short C. turn D. essence
13. A. survived B. noticed C. undertaken D. experienced
14. A. contrarily B. consequently C. similarly D. simultaneously
15. A. than B. that C. which D. as
16. A. system B. structure C. concept D. heritage
17. A. assessable B. identifiable C. negligible D. incredible
18. A. expense B. restriction C. allocation D. availability
19. A. incidence B. awareness C. exposure D. popularity
20. A. provided B. since C. although D. supposing

Passage 2

For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the 1 of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel 2 to go to bed and pleased when the journey 3 . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed 4 earlier than usual. When I 5 my cabin, I was surprised 6 that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected 7 but there was a suitcase 8 mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet 9 , except that he was wearing 10 good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not 11 whoever he was and did not say 12 . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.
I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered 13 as well as I could and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a 14 was coming from somewhere. I thought perhaps I had forgotten 15 the door, so I got up 16 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 17 the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 18 freekaobo .com there. It took me a minute or two to 19 the door myself. I realized that my companion 20 through the window into the sea.
1. A. reason B. motive C. cause D. sake
2. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiring D. enough tiring
3. A. is achieved B. finish C. is over D. is in the end
4. A. quite B. rather C. fairly D. somehow
5. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrived to D. reached at
6. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. at seeing D. to see
7. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being alone D. to be alone
8. A. like B. as C. similar than D. the same that
9. A. in each place B. for all parts C. somewhere D. anywhere
10. A. a so B. so C. such a D. such
11. A. treat tighter well B. pass together well
C. get on well together D. go by well together
12. A. him a single word B. him not one word
C. a single word to him D. not one word to him
13. A. up me B. up my self C. up to myself D. myself up
14. A. draft B. voice C. air D. sound
15. A. to close B. closing C. to have to close D. for closing
16. A. to shut B. for shutting C. in shutting D. but shut
17. A. while doing like that B. as I did like that
C. as I did so D. at doing so
18. A. It was no one B. There was no one
C. It was anyone D. There was anyone
19. A. remind to lock B. remember to lock
C. remind locking D. remember locking
20. A. had to jump B. was to have jumped
C. must have jumped D. could be jumped

2. Filling the blanks
Flowers for the Dead
Since flowers symbolize new life, it may seem inappropriate to have them at funerals. Yet people in many cultures top coffins or caskets with wreaths and garlands and put blossoms on the graves of the (1) . . This custom is part of a widespread, long-lived pattern. Edwin Daniel Wolff speculated that floral tributes to the dead are an outgrowth of the grave goods of ancient (2) . In cultures that firmly believed in an (3) , and that believed farther that the departed could enter that afterlife only 4) ___ they took with them indications of their worldly status, it was a necessity to bury the dead with material goods: hence the wives and animals that were killed to accompany (5) rulers, the riches (6) person's eyes as payment for the Stygian ferryman. In time, as economy modified tradition, the actual (7) ______ goods were replaced (8) ___ symbolic representations. In China, for6example, gold and silver paper became a stand-in (9)______ real money. Eventually even the symbolic significance became obscured. Thus, Wolff said, flowers may be the (10) step in "three well-marked stages of offerings to the dead: the actual object, its substitute in various forms, and - finally - mere tributes of respect."

Section Five Reading Comprehension
1. Multiple choice
Text 1
It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti – nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties.
Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium (铀) in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.
1. The writer’s attitude toward nuclear energy is ______.
A. indifferent B. favorable C. tolerant D. negative
2. According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is true of nuclear energy?
A. Primitive. B. Exhaustible. C. Cheap. D. Unsafe.
3. Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because ______.
A. it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment
B. it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution
C. it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society
D. nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and
administrative staff
4. Which of the following statements does the writer support?
A. The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.
B. Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.
C. Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.
D. Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programmes.
5. The function of the last sentence is to ______.
A. advance the final argument
B. reflect the writer’s attitude
C. reverse previously expressed thoughts
D. show the disadvantages of nuclear power
Text 2
Cyberspace, data superhighways, multi media－for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives for ever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia, little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the “how”, the question of “for whom” is put aside once again.
Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets－with destructive impact on the have –nots.
For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures” (期货) are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies.
So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves－so-called “development communications” modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries’ economies.
Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S., Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, andfreekaobo com imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit－credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.
Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it.
1. From the passage we know that the development of high technology is in the interests of _____.
A. the rich countries B. scientific development
C. the elite D. the world economy
2. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. international trade should be expanded
B. the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration
C. the exports of the poor countries should be in creased
D. communications technology in the developing countries should be modernized
3. Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries? _____
A. Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.
B. Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.
C. Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.
D. Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.
4. The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may _____.
A. hinder their industrial production
B. cause them to lose control of their trade
C. force them to reduce their share of exports
D. cost them their economic independence
5. The author’s attitude toward the communications revolution is _____.
A. positive B. critical C. indifferent D. tolerant

Text 3
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.
Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “ Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights,” he says.
Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.
“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,” he argues. “There is no private property without government –individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”
Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks .. if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.
Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees that there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes. （441 words）
1. Which of the following is true about Olson?
A. He was a fiction writer.
B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.
C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.
D. He was against the ownership of private property.

2. Which of the following represents Olson’s point of view?
A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.
B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.
C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.
D. In some countries, people don’t have secure individual rights because they’re poor.

3. What does Olson think about mass production?
A. It’s capital intensive.
B. It’s property intensive.
C. It relies in individual labor.
D. It relies in individual skills.

4. What is the basis for the banking system?
A. Contract system that can be enforced
B. People’s willingness to deposit money in banks.
C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.
D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.

5. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?
A. government intervention
B. lack of secure individual rights
C. being short of capital
D. lack of free market

Text 4
Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.
The beginning of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.
Every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writhing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encourages to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left along too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good example.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matter, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the value of the community as much as the child’s own happiness and well-being. (423 words)
1. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children ______.
A. is to send them to clinics
B. offers recapture of earlier experiences
C. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains
D. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced

2. The child in the nursery ______.
A. quickly learns to wait for food
B. doesn’t initially sleep and wake at regular intervals
C. always accepts the rhythm of the world around him
D. always feels the word around him is warm and friendly

3. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills ______.
A. can never be taken too far
B. should be left to school teachers
C. will always assist their development
D. should be balanced between two extremes

4. Jigsaw puzzles are ______.
A. too difficult for children
B. a kind of building-block toy
C. not very entertaining for adults
D. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation

5. Parental controls and discipline ______.
A. serve a dual purpose
B. should be avoided as much as possible
C. reflect the values of the community
D. are designed to promote the child’s happiness

2. Paraphrase

Section Six Translation
1. English – Chinese translation
1. here is an even more fundamental reason why service sector liberalization is critical to China's economic development. It has to do with the global race that is now underway for leadership in the Information Age Of the 21st Century. In this race, size and natural resource endowments do not confer comparative advantage. Rather, the winners will be individuals, organizations and societies that excel at innovation, information management, and the rapid application of new technologies to improve the way people live and work..

2. Moreover, the emergence of internet commerce is triggering revolutionary change not seen since the development of the railroad in the 19th century. It is creating a new business model that gives companies--small and large--instant global reach, and that empowers consumers with information and choices as never before. It is leading companies to cluster in global centers of commerce that provide easy access to the world-wide web, to multimedia services, and to technical support.

3. This revolution in global commerce is gathering impressive momentum, particularly in regions that are rapidly deregulating their financial, communication and other service markets. I am referring mainly to North America and Europe, but in the past two years, many economies in Asia and Latin America are also accelerating the pace of market liberalization. In 1997, on-line retail transactions were already estimated at over US $ 9 billion. Business-business transactions totaled $ 7.5 billion, and it is estimated that they will grow to over $ 300 billion in the next five years. Among the pioneers are Cisco systems, which did $ 3.2 billion of business over the internet last year, and Dell Computers, which is selling $ 3 million of computers every day.

4. My own company, AT&T, is also moving quickly to adapt our network to the needs of customers in the internet age. We recently announced the establishment of a joint venture with British Telecom (BT) to build and operate a global IP network to serve global customers.

5. My point here is that liberalization of service markets as envisioned by the WTO is not just desirable. It is a prerequisite for achieving rapid introduction of new technologies and for winning in the global marketplace. China, which is feverishly building its national information infrastructure, has an extraordinary opportunity to leapfrog into the Information Age by embracing these competitive principles.

2. Chinese – English translation
1 别人吸烟，你吸入，确实会对你的肺有危害。据美国“肺协”估计，每年约3,000名死于肺癌的人是被动吸烟者。有一项调查发现，不吸烟的妇女，如果在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更长的时间，那么就有加倍患肺癌的危险。(93 words)

2．文化是不同国家的人们互相理解的最佳媒体。通过举办文化节，许多中国城市在世界上的知名度提高了。已经证明，对促进中国人民和世界其他地方人民之间的交流来说，这是最好的途径之一。这种交流不仅仅限于文化方面，还扩大到了经济和其他领域。

3. 过去50年其实并不是发明创新的黄金时期。从1900年到1950年，改变人类生活的发明有汽车、飞机、电话、收音机、电视机——当然还有核武器和计算机。而近50年来，只有为数不多的发明。难道发明的源泉已经枯竭了吗？答案并非如此。事实上，发明的新时代刚刚开始。
4 在过去20年中，世界上没有任何一个国家的外贸发展速度像中国那么快。日本用了20多年时间才将其外贸总额翻了一番而中国却翻了两番。中国现在已是全球第三大电器生产国，并且正在成为全球电器市场上的主角。中国还是世界上劳动密集型(labor-intensive)产品的主要生产国。间才将其外贸总额翻了一番，而中国却翻了两番~

5 为了成功举办2008年奥运会，北京计划投入230亿美元用于基础设施建设。据说一些外国公司已经注意到了这些商机。美国的一些公司打算在电信和信息技术方面提供产品和服务。英国的一些公司也正在围绕北京奥运会寻求商机，他们试图找到自己有优势的领域，如不污染环境的建筑技术等。

Section Seven English writing
1. Essay writing
2. Graph Writing
3. Abstract Writing

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沙发发表于: 2007-02-03

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张能彦：留美学者，考博专家，多年来致力于考博英语的研究工作。对北大、清华、人大、北师、
政法等多所著名高校的考博英语命题、解题有独到见解，命中率高，深受考生欢迎，是新世纪最
具实力、最有影响的青年学者。

一般的考博辅导班会花大钱请他来讲哟!

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