考博英语写作 lx0~>K]
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考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 %/9;ZV
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开头万能公式: q3e8#R)l
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 {=:#S+^ER
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! aEVsU|
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? Bik*b)9y2
经典句型: OEhHR
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) Do7=#|bAM
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. "?}uQ5f
(适用于自编名言) W_YY#w
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更多经典句型: 77 r(*.O|
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… N#xG3zZl|N
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 vXj <
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 ,yMU@Vg
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: k\r(=cex6
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college -~f5
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students wanted to further their study after their graduation. N!&:rK
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: f2I6!_C!+
Honesty "hz\Z0zg2
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 m#e
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Travel by Bike UL@9W6
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 +_l^ #?o,
Youth Zi\['2CG
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 d 4?d4;{
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? VR{+f7:}
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 GwU?wIIj^
更多句型: xw^.bz|
A recent statistics shows that … Y5q3T`xE
结尾万能公式: }R4c
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 p>=[-(mt
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: aolN<u3G
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good |]=2 }%1w
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. u6u=2
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! I751 t
更多过渡短语: "6ECgyD+E!
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus e-hjC6Q U
更多句型: i+3fhV
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… ~ (On|h
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 t`'iU$:1f
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! 7xo4-fIuT
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve S8Fmy1#
the problem. )D-c]+yt
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? qm*}U3K
更多句型: [k$*4u>
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. c?2MBtnu
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be &ZHC-qMRK
taken. AwUi+|7r])
写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 "<+ih0Ma
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: %h"z0@+
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is (m[bWdANnW
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to vR6Bn
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite ixm&aW6<
similar. [L$9p@I
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! 22P$ ~ch
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 o'<^LYSnB
主 题 句原则 ;!<
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国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! ZPN
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特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! 6&Juv
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully H=g.34
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, ; |/leu8
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 2O"P2(1}v
一 二 三原则 *Oc.9 F88"
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… + 1IQYa|
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 ajRSMcKb7i
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) 2jsw"aHW
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) -V"22sR]
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) $N']TN
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, F;lI+^}}
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) <WXzh5D2
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) R.[Z]-X
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) UX<Qcjm$e
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) ^ 5VK>
8)most important of all, moreover, finally qrvsjYi*w
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) *tOG*hwdT
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) `I$
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建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 _ ~RpGX
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: !}\4utHY
I cannot bear it. ?T_3n:
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. ._wkj
I want it. 6ZgU"!|r
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. +(O~]Q-Ez
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 04%S+y.6&Y
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, 6qe*@o
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital {Y}dv`G#Iu
之类的形象词。再比如: O9'x-A%
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room Uw-p758dD
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room h=kQ$`j6
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room 6*l^1;U
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room
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老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room P^MOx4
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 5!C_X5M
1)加法(串联) #U=X NU}k
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, ,U)"WLmY
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: )CI1
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I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. 4E8JT#&
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: *F>v
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Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. = 5D nR
其它的短语可以用: d"G+8}.4
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover PCd0 ?c
2)转折(拐弯抹角) 3:"]Rn([P
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 jUj<~:Q}3o
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. 2=-utN@Z
The coat was thin, but it was warm. q0%
更多的短语: $(s\{(Wn
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, RjJU4q
despite, notwithstanding M:Er_,E
3)因果(so, so, so) l5Y/Ok0,
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! f:zFFpP.j@
The snow began to fall, so we went home. s#h8%['
更多短语: 0Q"u#V Sp
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a #6+FY+/
result, for this reason, so that M-NV_W&M
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) [=uo1%
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 d#:3be{|&q
举例:This is what I can do. nmlPX7!{$
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. _2fkb=2@
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:
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When to go, Why he goes away… zWw2V}U!
5)附加(多此一举) Uu6L~iB
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 ?:^mBb)T
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. W-RqN!snJ8
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. U5Erm6U:
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. YF#HSf7
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom ZWc+),X
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 sKLX [l
6)排比(排山倒海句) 3zuF{Q2P<
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! wYeB)1.
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated \8uo{#cL8
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. I9$c F)zk
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such O|kKwadC
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean !yjo
tides. |ifHSc.j<
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, { PlK@#UN
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) W:&R~R
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 J.*XXM- V
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! kg5ev8
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: |YJCWFbs8
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb !.-tW7
the Western Hills.
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Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about =1/NFlt8
three times that of China. $X`y%*<<v
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪!
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文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 $BN15x0/:~
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! a+41|)pt
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted 33l>{(y
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as H(+<)qH
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. ul7o%Hs
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will m/&i9A
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the v vu<:16
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. MKGS`X]<J
更多句型: TT!ET<ciN
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, $Ptk|qFe
for example二、做比较 E,G<_40
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; O>r-]0DI[
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through Aw^yH+ae
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: 0O@_cW
相似的比较: To"dG&h
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner
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相反的比较: >mu)/kl
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, HB&
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nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, :{g7lTM
…三、换言之 '8`T|2
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 MOz}Q1`a
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! ^tAO_~4
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. )na&"bJ
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love _+QwREP
with you. =v-2@=NJ`K
或者上面我们举过的例子: H
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I cannot bear it. n[k1np$7?6
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. lglYJ,
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with f@z
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it or I am fed up with it. CmC0k-%w
更多短语: [B/0-(?
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more $C_M&O}
simply