Available在医学文章中的翻译 7g8\q@',
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Available的基本词义为:“可用的;可得到的;有效的”。在句中常作表语用,也可作前置或后置定语。其用法虽不难,但在译成汉语时词义常常要加以引申。现列举一些例句,试译如下: :;#^gvH
一、译成“可用的”、“适用的”、“可供……之用”,其后常跟介词for或to l+(B~v
1,This drug is available for both oral and parenteral administration. .h
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本药可供口服或注射用。 ]Gm&Kn>
2,A doctor has a wide range of therapeutic measures available to him. 4u p7:?
医生有各种各样的治疗措施可以采用。 ZnbpIJ8cV
3,The serum is available to the general public now. {>R933fap
血清现在已可供大众使用。 mV7_O//
二、译成动词“获得”,“得到” '6WZi|(a
1,No assessment of the patient condition is available before the clinical experiment is over. D_f:D^
在临床试验结束之前,无从获得对患者病情的估计。 `ER#S_}
2,Only now are data on sociaoeconomic status and cancer incidence becoming available from the Third National Cancer Survey. <+ <o
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直到现在,才从第三次全国癌症普查中得到社会经济状况与癌症发病率关系的资料。 Q
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三、意为“提供(的)”、“供应(的)”,但常不译出,尤其在药物说明书中 IOrYm
1,This drug is available either in liquid or in lyophilized form. -RThd"
本药备有溶液或冻干品两种剂型。 R;/LB^X]
2,Dipaxin is available in 5mg. scored tablets in bottle of 100. sYTToanA$?
(供应力的)抗凝剂为五毫克刻痕片。每瓶100片。 ^3&-!<*
3,The polymyxin B sulphate is available as a freeze-dried powder freely soluble in saline solution in vial containing 500,000 units potency. z_&T>ME
(供应的)硫酸多粘菌素B硫酸盐为冻干粉末,可任意溶于盐溶液中,每小瓶含五十万单位(效价)。 Fw#wVs)@:
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四、作某些名词的定语时,可译成“现有的” \y/0)NL\
1,The cost of prevention medicine keeps it from being widely applied, yet available statistics justify the validity of preventive efforts in certain specific diseases. zt
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预防医学耗资巨大,使其无法推广,但现有统计资料证明对某些疾病的预防措施是确有成效的。 zy9W{{:P(1
2,Although presently available therapeutic interventions are, as a rule, successful in suppressing isolated, acute episodes of VT (ventricular tachycardia), long range suppression of ventricular ectopic arrhythmias is more difficult. G>^ _&(c@2
虽然用现有的治疗方法抑制单独的室性心动过速急性发作通常是成功的,但是要长期抑制室性异位性心律失常则比较困难。 X`}4=>
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五、可译成“有效的” ubi6=
The tablets are available for the prevention of anginal attack. HtI>rj/\
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本药片对预防心绞痛发作有效。(或译为:本药片可用于预防心绞痛发作。) 6[1l
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六、译成“可以找到”、“在场”,这时常以人为主语 x8h=3e$
If the doctor had been available, the child would not have died. FE?^}VH
假如当时找到医生的话,这个孩子本来是不会死的。 A `=.F
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七、译成“准备好” hrnY0
1, Drugs to deal with such a crisis should always be available during the injection of myodil. yCye3z.
在注射碘苯脂期间,一定要准备好应付这种危急情况的药物。 $QuSmA<4lS
2,Laboratory facilities must be available to perform such tests. u!VY6y7p
进行这样的检验,必须准备好实验室设备。 Z|Xv_Xo|4
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试谈连词while的多种含义及其译法 RjQdlr6*
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连词while除具有“当时”、“同时”等意义外,根据上下文还有以下不同含义及其不同译法。 N]@e7P'9F
一、引导时间状语从句 ?t];GNU`
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译作“趁……时”。例如: #_OrS/H
1,Make hay while the sun shines. mMV-IL
趁着有太阳晒晒草。(乘机行事,抓紧时机) XB-l[4?
2,We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young. _LSf
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趁着现在还年轻,我们必须刻苦学习,获得更多的知识。 &8wluOs/5
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二、引导让步状语从句 )OcG$H NK
常放在句首,译作“尽管”、“虽然”,比although或 though语气要轻。例如: .EQ1r7
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1,While I believe it is true, I cannot prove it. rn8t<=ptH3
虽然我相信那是真的,但无法加以证明。 6*H F`@(
2,While any kind of athletic shoe can provide a certain amount of rebound, energy-return sneakers are designed to maximize this effect. VWa;;?IK
虽然任何一种运动鞋都能提供一定的反弹力,但研制回力运动鞋的意图是最大限度地达到这个效果。 DN;An0
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三、引导条件状语从句 @z)_m!yV1
相当于as long as,译作“只要”。例如: .)eX(2j\
1,While there is life, there is hope. _~E&?zR2>"
有生命,就有希望。 O.8{c;
2,While a spark of life remains, it is a doctor's duty to save the patient. M%8:
只要病人还有一息生机,医生就有责任挽救。 W=T}hA#`
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四、引导原因状语从句 Ll L8Q
相当于since,译作“既然”。例如: Qm\VZ<6/5
1,You'll never save any money while you're so extravagant. j.@TPf*
既然你这么奢侈,你就永远也积不起钱。 {
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2,I'd like to get it settled today while we're at it. {s=$.Kg
既然我们着手干了,我想今天就把它干完。 GU
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五、连接并列句 @: s |X
表示对比,相当于whereas,译作“而”、“可是”。例如: i}5
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1,An outdoors man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on a tan after a short vacation in the sun. 04wmN
从事室外工作的人如果调到室内工作,不久肤色就会变白;而一个伏案工作的办事员度过一个短促的假期,晒晒太阳,便会变黑。 g[P8
2,Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative. sGCV um}
运动是绝对的,而静止是相对的。 v?\bvg\E
六、连接并列句 TY=BP!s
表示递进,相当于and what is more, 译作“并且”、“而且”。例如: ,z?Re)qm
1, The new man-made fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful. =B(zW.Gf
新的人造纤维比天然纤维耐磨,因此能大大减少修补工作,而且做好的衣服价廉物美,数量也多。 Y24:D7Q
2,Of course, I resolutely determined not to marry, while I quite forgot to consider at all that great rock of disaster in the working-class world-- sickness. he/UvMu
当然我下定决心不结婚,并且把工人阶级的巨大灾难——疾病,也忘得一干二净。 H!ZPP8]j>
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