套路一：现象解释型 QD%~ A 0
1. 特点：文章开头讲述一个社会现象或自然现象，通常很古怪，后文对应给出N种解释，一般作者同意最后一种解释，驳斥前N-1种解释。如果只出现一种解释，那么该解释就是文章的主题。 6|3$43J,F
2. 文章主题：作者同意的解释。 TOV531
3. 判断标志：现象段中一般有设问。 CXGq>cQ=d
4. 出题点及出题方式： j8?z@iG
1） 对现象的各种解释：细节题，主题题 K:fK! /
2） 对解释的评价：态度题 #q40 >)]
5. 真题举例： $:w4_X5 T
真题举例1： |i5A
F\w
President Coolidge’s statement, “Thebusiness of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-thatbusiness institutions have more prestige (威望) in Americansociety than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions posses this greatprestige? Ia$&SS)K
One reason is that Americans viewbusiness as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than otherinstitutions in society. Sincecompetition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by mostAmericans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is notonly good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values suchas individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected. vr2tIKvpn
Competition protects the freedom of theindividual by ensuring that there is nomonopoly (垄断) of power. Incontrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against eachother for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfairadvantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats itscustomers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar,they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. 7 %L%dyN
A contrast is often made betweenbusiness, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believethat it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though governmentleaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americansbelieve, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, thatdemocracy in preserving freedom. oX@nWQBc_
Competition in business is also believedto strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to theswiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitivesuccess is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based onfamily background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea ofequality of opportunity rather than thearistocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege. 7. 9n
{4Cn/}7Ly^
文章套路分析：文章以President Coolidge 的名言开头。注意以后在阅读过程中遇到大写，特殊字体等专有名词，对其做首字母提炼，提高阅读效率。比如这里的President Coolidge，可以提炼成PC。文章开头“President Coolidge’s statement, “Thebusiness of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-thatbusiness institutions have more prestige (威望) in Americansociety than any other kind of organization, including the government.”在美国商业机构威望最高，甚至比政府的威望还要高。读者对这一古怪的社会现象自然不理解，为何如此呢？沿着第一段末句的设问，“Why do business institutions posses this great prestige?” :<4: h.gO8
我们在第二段首句找到了原因：“ One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based onthe ideal of competition than other institutions in society.”因为商业机构更体现竞争意识。纵观其他段落主题句，再无其他解释。OK，这个解释就是文章的主题，全文为总分结构。 o Hds s;q
