基本句型 71Mk!E=1
第一句主题句写完后,第二句往往可以对第一句的概括性内容进行进一步的说明或陈述。陈述的意念很多,句型也很多,现在让我们从最基本的开始。 =[^_x+x
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I.There is / are [There was; There were; There will be; There has been; There have been]+sth. (单数 / 复数) in [at; on] + sth. (表示地方、范围、方面存在或出现某事物,这是一个用途广泛的句型,也是考生容易犯错误的句型) <1E*wPm8
例句: 4_?*@L1
我国每年有100万肿瘤病人未能放疗。 Jm
G)=$,
In our country there are one million patients with tumor who fail to get radiotherapy every year. [Uu!:SZ
One million patients with cancer fail to get radiotherapy every year in our country. (此句表达很好。) C$EvcF%1
*There are one million patients with tumor not get radiotherapy every year in our country. ( 此句表达错误) ZD]5"oHY
One million patients with cancer do not get treatment every year in our country. y]E ?\03"
2. 药品器具市场有不少问题。 _6Fj&mw(u
There are many problems in the markets of medications and medical devices. q
oVp@=\:"
Many problems exist in the markets of medications and medical devices. :+|os"
*The markets of medications and medical devices have many problems. (not good) 1:lhZFZ
The markets of medications and medical devices face many problems. g\
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3. 在健康教育方面,中国与发达国家还有一定的距离。 8'Ph/L,
There is a certain gap between China and developed counties in health education. *HN0em
There exists a certain gap between China and developed countries in health education. pUaGrdGxzQ
*In health education, China and developed countries have some distance. (此句错误) Y vjRJ
Health education in China is not as good as that in developed countries. }x1p~N+;
4. 我国约有民办医院400多家。 d.uJ}=|
There are nearly 400 private hospitals in our country. ,~-
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5. 没有治愈过敏症的办法。 .pQ4#AJ
There are no cures for allergies. #~^Y2-C#
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II. 主语(多半为有生命的)+have / has [had; will have; has had; have had]+sth.(表示拥有、具有,用途极广,但不少考生也容易犯错误) =-dk@s
例句: Ym*Ed[S
1. 人的耳朵有两个功能:听声音和保持平衡。 n.$wW
=
The human ear has two main functions: hearing and maintaining balance. L7tC?F]}SK
2. 艾滋病有三个特点。 }
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AIDS has three basic characteristics [features]. bqAv)2
3. 我国70%~80%的大学生有心理问题。 )0JXUC e
70%~80%of colleges students in our country have mental problems. %Ot^G%34
4.大多数的吸烟者都有肺部疾病。 w;(`!^xv
Most smokers have lung problems. wZm=h8d
5.临床护理专家在日常工作中有四种不同的角色:护理者、顾问、教育者和研究者。 )Aky:kM$
Clinical nurse specialists have four different roles in their daily practice: nurse practitioner, counselor, tutor [educator] and researcher. fN TPW]
III. contain sth. / include sth. (表示含有、包括) zl j%v/9
1. 其他反应还有胃痛、恶心、腹泻和气短。 =%YU~
Other reactions include stomach pains, sickness, diarrhea and shortness of breath. FU|c[u|z
2. 他们的血液和体液里都含有大量艾滋病病毒,具有很强的传染性。 Ncu\;K\N
Their blood and body liquids contain lots of AIDS viruses which are highly infectious. el*C8TWlw
There are lots of highly infectious AIDS viruses in their blood and body liquids. f`?Y+nu}
3. 所以,应选择富有碳水化合物的食物。 }Zwse%;
Therefore, you should choose foods which contain a lot of carbohydrate. +`==US34
Therefore, one should choose foods (which are) rich in carbohydrate. Oi=>Usd
4. 狗会传播多种疾病,有一些是致人死命的疾病。 eM*@zo<-
Dogs can spread many diseases, including some that are deadly to people. zR_#c3o
Dogs can spread many diseases some of which can make people die. D^Bd>Ey4
5. 一种食物中很难含有全部的维生素。 0SXWt? }
One kind of food can hardly contain all the vitamins. 42?X)n>
It is unlikely to have a kind of food that contains all sorts of vitamins. O>zM(I+p
6. 差异可能有个体、宗教、年龄、种族、生活方式、社会经济状况、家庭结构等。 !+4}x;!8
The differences may include individuality, spiritual beliefs, gender, age, race, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and family structure. #k1%}k=
7. 临床护理专家(clinical nurse specialist) 的作用有临床实践、咨询服务、教学以及相关护理研究成果的应用。 `
7P4O
The role of clinical nurse specialists should include clinical practice, consultation, teaching and the application of relevant nursing research. 9qe6hF/29
实践上,汉语的“有”字,在许多情况下,是不须用have或there is之类的英语词汇表达出来的,例如: zlmb_akJ
1. 有的细菌是有害于人体健康的微生物,有的则有益。 /I3#WUc;![
Some bacteria are harmful micro-organisms to our human body, but some are helpful. g_}r)CgG|
*There are some bacteria are harmful micro-organisms to our human body, there are some are helpful. (此句表达错误) `5;O|qRq
Some bacteria are bad for health, but some are good. )FM/
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2. 过去几年,农村医疗卫生的形势有了很大的变化。 UB]}j^
The situation of rural medical care greatly changed in the past years. Dcq\1V.e`W
There were great changes in the situation of rural medical care in the past years. iKa
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*The situation of rural medical care had great changes recently. [not good] SeBbI&Ju
The situation of rural medical care witnessed great changes in the past years. inavi5.
Rural medical care greatly changed in the past years. wh:O"&qk
3. 导致这种情况的原因,我认为有两点。 SI3ek9|XU
I think that two reasons resulted in this situation. zPU&
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I think there are two reasons leading to this situation. W?!(/`J]
4. 好医院应该有什么病人治什么病人。 MN|y5w}$u
A good hospital should treat whatever patients come to it. TSmuNCR
A good hospital should treat all kinds of patients. E27wxMU
A good hospital should not refuse any patient. ehI*cf({
5. 在整个青年期,人的行为都具有很大的盲目性和冲动性。 dRyK'Xr
In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are full of blindness and impulse. B3u5EgZr
In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are characterized by blindness and impulse. I+w3It
In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are often out of blindness and sudden excitement. nbMnqkNb
When people are young, they often act blindly and impulsively. "?V4Tl~uu
6. 人类与艾滋病作斗争已经有二十多年了。 ,)XT;iGQe
Man has been fighting against [dealing with] AIDS for more than twenty years. ZPn`.Qc
7. 要让患者在生命的末期没有身体上的痛苦。 ErJ
i
Make sure that patients do not suffer much physical pain at the end of life. pzezN
We should make patients free of [from] much bodily pain at the end of their life. (F]f{8
We can free patients of [from] much bodily pain at the end their life. IP$^)t[
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然而,又有许多情况下,汉语没有“有”字,但英语可以用最基本最简单的have或there is来表达,这一点很值得我们考生注意。 JJ q= {;
例如: 9zEO$<e o
1. 影响健康的因素很多。 Ttb@98
There are many factors which can affect health. afv?z
*Many factors can affect health. 9M:wUYHT
2. 基因将会在不同物种之间转移,转基因作物的培育过程中也会发生错误。 MZZ4
There will be movement of genes between species. There will be some mistakes in the development of genetically-modified crops, too. bT*MJ7VVm
3. 目前使用的化学物资多达20,000种。 BS>|M}G)r
Currently there are some 20,000 chemicals in use. iDlIx8PI
*Currently some 20,000 chemicals are in use. !]&a/$U
4. 20%的大学生心理存在严重障碍。 OqtQLqN
20% of college students have serious mental problems. 9kuL1tcY
5. 近来许多社区开展了各种各样的健康教育活动。 m
m'n#%\G
Recently there have been a variety of health education activities in many communities. ~;QO`I=0P
6. 过去的一年中,试管婴儿的出生数量大幅飙升。 I1BVqIt1i
There was a sharp increase in the number of newborn test-tube babies in the past year. YTpSR~!Rj
7. 他们个人卫生方面的问题很多。 )TFaG[tj
They have many bad habits in personal hygiene. 'W3>lAPx!
There many problems in their personal hygiene. Bjq1za
Their personal hygiene is not satisfactory. 28C/
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8. 治疗药物可分为三大类:抗HIV病毒药物,免疫调节剂和抗感染药物。 ZwB<
{?
There are three kinds of treatment drugs: the anti-HIV ones, immunoregulation ones and anti-infective ones. ++-HdSHY
9. 该物质什么浓度对人无害,尚不清楚。 8
]]uk=P
There is no known level at which this substances is not dangerous to people. tm @&f
We do not know which concentration makes this substance harmful to people. L&MR%5
10. 手术后无需用药。 (BEGt'7
There will be no need for any medication after operation. <w`
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11. 毫无疑问,抽烟有害健康。 K>l$Y#x}k
There is no doubt that smoking is harmful to health. rE;*MqYt&
12. 男人的寿命比女人短。 O
$'#8
Men have shorter lifespan than women. iagl^(s
Women usually live longer than men. B\r2M`N5
13. 这个医生对待病人态度亲切。 ^=.R#zrc
This doctor has a pleasant manner towards his patients. juG?kL.
The doctor is kind to his patients. NQz*P.q
14. 乡村一级卫生院医疗质量无法保证,医疗事故更是经常出现。 Wf/r@/q
You cannot have good medical services in village clinics, and there are often medical accidents there. KiAWr-~gJ
The quality of medical services in village clinics is usually poor, and there are often medical accidents there. Y#S<:,/sb?