基本句型 3do)Vg4
第一句主题句写完后,第二句往往可以对第一句的概括性内容进行进一步的说明或陈述。陈述的意念很多,句型也很多,现在让我们从最基本的开始。 bV"G~3COy
I.There is / are [There was; There were; There will be; There has been; There have been]+sth. (单数 / 复数) in [at; on] + sth. (表示地方、范围、方面存在或出现某事物,这是一个用途广泛的句型,也是考生容易犯错误的句型) JfPD}w
例句: 7B?c{
我国每年有100万肿瘤病人未能放疗。 W5R\Q,x6
In our country there are one million patients with tumor who fail to get radiotherapy every year. @e{^`\ l=<
One million patients with cancer fail to get radiotherapy every year in our country. (此句表达很好。) Dih3}X&jn$
*There are one million patients with tumor not get radiotherapy every year in our country. ( 此句表达错误) 33}oO,}t,
One million patients with cancer do not get treatment every year in our country. 2PG [7u^
2. 药品器具市场有不少问题。 A@Dw<.&_I
There are many problems in the markets of medications and medical devices. Ps<d('=
Many problems exist in the markets of medications and medical devices. 9+pmS#>_
*The markets of medications and medical devices have many problems. (not good) aFLO{t r`
The markets of medications and medical devices face many problems. CJhL)0Cs
3. 在健康教育方面,中国与发达国家还有一定的距离。 N\bocMc,X
There is a certain gap between China and developed counties in health education. Gw1@KKg
There exists a certain gap between China and developed countries in health education. "]G\9b)
*In health education, China and developed countries have some distance. (此句错误) gmm.{%1_I;
Health education in China is not as good as that in developed countries. wiBVuj#
4. 我国约有民办医院400多家。 7sXxq4
There are nearly 400 private hospitals in our country. J4\ qEO
5. 没有治愈过敏症的办法。 <wAFy>7
There are no cures for allergies. v~Y^r2
uyY|v$FM
II. 主语(多半为有生命的)+have / has [had; will have; has had; have had]+sth.(表示拥有、具有,用途极广,但不少考生也容易犯错误) CJ++?hB]X
例句: =J~ x
1. 人的耳朵有两个功能:听声音和保持平衡。 9 '2_
The human ear has two main functions: hearing and maintaining balance. ~#/hzS
2. 艾滋病有三个特点。 1w&!H]%{
AIDS has three basic characteristics [features]. k%G1i-]4
3. 我国70%~80%的大学生有心理问题。 .e3+s*
70%~80%of colleges students in our country have mental problems. 2J;kSh1,L
4.大多数的吸烟者都有肺部疾病。 cSm%s
Most smokers have lung problems. ~JH:EB:
5.临床护理专家在日常工作中有四种不同的角色:护理者、顾问、教育者和研究者。 T'b_W,m~,u
Clinical nurse specialists have four different roles in their daily practice: nurse practitioner, counselor, tutor [educator] and researcher. U,.![TP
III. contain sth. / include sth. (表示含有、包括) wLH] <k
1. 其他反应还有胃痛、恶心、腹泻和气短。 k Zq!&
Other reactions include stomach pains, sickness, diarrhea and shortness of breath. ^) s2$A:L
2. 他们的血液和体液里都含有大量艾滋病病毒,具有很强的传染性。 s4uhsJL V$
Their blood and body liquids contain lots of AIDS viruses which are highly infectious. y?q*WUh
There are lots of highly infectious AIDS viruses in their blood and body liquids. pL
zk
3. 所以,应选择富有碳水化合物的食物。 ~Onoe $A[<
Therefore, you should choose foods which contain a lot of carbohydrate. c7FRI0X
Therefore, one should choose foods (which are) rich in carbohydrate. TG5XSy
4. 狗会传播多种疾病,有一些是致人死命的疾病。 )
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Dogs can spread many diseases, including some that are deadly to people. !U~WK$BP
Dogs can spread many diseases some of which can make people die. Mwr"~?\\
5. 一种食物中很难含有全部的维生素。 yT,.z 0
One kind of food can hardly contain all the vitamins. bAm(8nT7w
It is unlikely to have a kind of food that contains all sorts of vitamins. : 7`[$<~E
6. 差异可能有个体、宗教、年龄、种族、生活方式、社会经济状况、家庭结构等。 oGRhnP'PF+
The differences may include individuality, spiritual beliefs, gender, age, race, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and family structure. mFZ?hOyP.
7. 临床护理专家(clinical nurse specialist) 的作用有临床实践、咨询服务、教学以及相关护理研究成果的应用。 A`}rqhU.{-
The role of clinical nurse specialists should include clinical practice, consultation, teaching and the application of relevant nursing research. hHMN6i
实践上,汉语的“有”字,在许多情况下,是不须用have或there is之类的英语词汇表达出来的,例如: ZKckAz\#
1. 有的细菌是有害于人体健康的微生物,有的则有益。 aW
Y
gR
Some bacteria are harmful micro-organisms to our human body, but some are helpful. d|yAs5@
*There are some bacteria are harmful micro-organisms to our human body, there are some are helpful. (此句表达错误) v
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Some bacteria are bad for health, but some are good. os]8BScx
2. 过去几年,农村医疗卫生的形势有了很大的变化。 cu/5$m?xx
The situation of rural medical care greatly changed in the past years. ML>[^F
There were great changes in the situation of rural medical care in the past years. z21|Dhiw&
*The situation of rural medical care had great changes recently. [not good] t>$kWd{9e;
The situation of rural medical care witnessed great changes in the past years. fu]s/'8B
Rural medical care greatly changed in the past years. sU{NHC)5
3. 导致这种情况的原因,我认为有两点。 ] A+?EE2/
I think that two reasons resulted in this situation. A'&K/) Z
I think there are two reasons leading to this situation. !_cg\KU#
4. 好医院应该有什么病人治什么病人。 w_{wBL[3e
A good hospital should treat whatever patients come to it. pj?f?.^
A good hospital should treat all kinds of patients. $H9%J
A good hospital should not refuse any patient. P IwFF}<(
5. 在整个青年期,人的行为都具有很大的盲目性和冲动性。 A*/HjTX
In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are full of blindness and impulse.
N#a$t&
In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are characterized by blindness and impulse. DuHu\>f<S
In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are often out of blindness and sudden excitement. 1BpiV-]=
When people are young, they often act blindly and impulsively. F6{bjv2A
6. 人类与艾滋病作斗争已经有二十多年了。 @dPT
k"P
Man has been fighting against [dealing with] AIDS for more than twenty years. |='z{WS
7. 要让患者在生命的末期没有身体上的痛苦。 tE`u(B,
Make sure that patients do not suffer much physical pain at the end of life.
+w{*Xk)4
We should make patients free of [from] much bodily pain at the end of their life. l)&X$3? tz
We can free patients of [from] much bodily pain at the end their life. .G#8a1#
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然而,又有许多情况下,汉语没有“有”字,但英语可以用最基本最简单的have或there is来表达,这一点很值得我们考生注意。 tAv@R&W,
例如: jT]0WS-b
1. 影响健康的因素很多。 ^Uf]Q$uCjE
There are many factors which can affect health. [Q/TlO t5
*Many factors can affect health. !FElW`F
2. 基因将会在不同物种之间转移,转基因作物的培育过程中也会发生错误。 K+3IWZ&+dG
There will be movement of genes between species. There will be some mistakes in the development of genetically-modified crops, too. \Ani}qQ%|
3. 目前使用的化学物资多达20,000种。 ASk|A!
Currently there are some 20,000 chemicals in use. U<_3^
*Currently some 20,000 chemicals are in use. 4O )1uF;
4. 20%的大学生心理存在严重障碍。 x"gd8j]s
20% of college students have serious mental problems. &)AVzN+
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5. 近来许多社区开展了各种各样的健康教育活动。 c*L0@Ak%
Recently there have been a variety of health education activities in many communities. 'kL#]
6. 过去的一年中,试管婴儿的出生数量大幅飙升。 %)/P^9I6
There was a sharp increase in the number of newborn test-tube babies in the past year. uF9C-H@:
7. 他们个人卫生方面的问题很多。 QSszn`e
They have many bad habits in personal hygiene. hPUYyjXPB
There many problems in their personal hygiene. jU9$Ehg
I
Their personal hygiene is not satisfactory. O$&mFL[`
8. 治疗药物可分为三大类:抗HIV病毒药物,免疫调节剂和抗感染药物。 m
g4nrr\
There are three kinds of treatment drugs: the anti-HIV ones, immunoregulation ones and anti-infective ones. LE9(fe) fe
9. 该物质什么浓度对人无害,尚不清楚。 MbZJ;,e?
There is no known level at which this substances is not dangerous to people. iw8yb;|z;A
We do not know which concentration makes this substance harmful to people. 0 yuW*z
10. 手术后无需用药。 a1t4Dd
There will be no need for any medication after operation. X\@C.H2ttY
11. 毫无疑问,抽烟有害健康。 =/y]d<g
There is no doubt that smoking is harmful to health. &U5{Hm9Ynr
12. 男人的寿命比女人短。 O4cr*MCb5
Men have shorter lifespan than women. Ay
5i+)MD
Women usually live longer than men. *n 6s.$p)%
13. 这个医生对待病人态度亲切。 Vzdh8)Mu
\
This doctor has a pleasant manner towards his patients. naYrpK,.
The doctor is kind to his patients. MGR!Z@1y
14. 乡村一级卫生院医疗质量无法保证,医疗事故更是经常出现。 )FF>IFHG
You cannot have good medical services in village clinics, and there are often medical accidents there. 1 u| wMO
The quality of medical services in village clinics is usually poor, and there are often medical accidents there. aI6$? wus