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厦门大学1998年英语试题

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厦门大学 1998 年 4 月攻读博士学位研究生入学考试答案及解析

英语试题

Part I Structure and Vocabulary （10 % ）

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letters in the brackets.

1. The suspicion that the new housemaid is dishonest has proved ______ true. A. much too B. very much C. all too D. too all

2. There was a stream of refugees _______ wearily through the deep snow towards the border in a

fierce wind.

A. scurrying B. trudging C. strolling D. trampling

3. The police officer assured us _____ would be taken to guard against the recurrence of such

incidents.

A. prevention B. preparations C. predictions D. precautions

4. Undoubtedly all waste materials have to be ______ of, which causes pollution of the land, sea

air.

A. deserted B. disposed C. transacted D. discomposed

5. The black boy doffed his hat, stood a _____ distance from the desk and waited for the important

patrons to be first taken care of.

A. respective B. respectable C. respected D. respectful

6. Many of the students seemed to have difficulty understanding the medical ______ Dr. Brown

used in his lecture.

A. terms B. glossary C. vocabulary D. idioms

7. Sometimes the single buildings is not particularly historic, but in _______ with other buildings

it takes on meaning.

A. distinction B. correlation C. design D conjunction

8. When the child heard his mother approaching, he ______ placed the candy back in the drawer. A. frightfully B. furtively C. fervidly D. floridly

9. Arson is _______ in a fire that razed the Grand Hotel last Monday, but the police chief said last night there was still a long way to go before they could say anything definite.

[table=415pt][tr][td=1,1,137]A. doubted
[/td][td=3,1,104]B. apprehended
[/td][td=1,1,98]C. convicted
[/td][td=1,1,213]D. suspected
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,137]10. There was period of
[/td][td=1,1,5]
[/td][td=1,1,41]
[/td][td=3,1,369]prior to their divorce, during which Mary went for a trip around
[/td][/tr][tr][td=5,1,340]the world and her husband stayed at home.
[/td][td=1,1,213]
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,137]A. strangeness
[/td][td=1,1,5]
[/td][td=2,1,98]B. estrangement
[/td][td=2,1,312]C. transmigration D. frivolity
[/td][/tr][/table]

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[table=415pt][tr][td=3,1,234]11. Nowadays some students are
[/td][td=4,1,318]

and want to take only the course for which they see

[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,133]immediate value.
[/td][td=1,1,66]
[/td][td=1,1,34]
[/td][td=1,1,50]
[/td][td=1,1,48]
[/td][td=1,1,5]
[/td][td=1,1,214]
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,133]A. theoretical
[/td][td=2,1,101]B. pragmatic
[/td][td=3,1,104]C. ligeance
[/td][td=1,1,214]

D. provident

[/td][/tr][tr][td=6,1,338]12. It is almost impossible at times to capture the
[/td][td=1,1,214]

of words when we translate them into

[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,133]a foreign language.
[/td][td=1,1,66]
[/td][td=1,1,34]
[/td][td=1,1,50]
[/td][td=1,1,48]
[/td][td=1,1,5]
[/td][td=1,1,214]
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,133]A. denotation
[/td][td=2,1,101]B. meaning
[/td][td=3,1,104]C. implication
[/td][td=1,1,214]

D. connotation

[/td][/tr][/table]
13. More and more people in the country have come to know that education which ____ many

benefits is a preparation for life.

A. comprises B. undertakes C. embraces D. bestows

14. The war between the two factions has destroyed the once thriving business town, with debris

[table=415pt][tr][td=1,1,20]
[/td][td=1,1,34]and
[/td][td=1,1,28]
[/td][td=1,1,4]
[/td][td=2,1,126]houses everywhere.
[/td][td=1,1,100]
[/td][td=1,1,240]
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,20]
[/td][td=4,1,101]A. desolate
[/td][td=1,1,92]B. barren
[/td][td=1,1,100]C. negligible
[/td][td=1,1,240]D. tragic
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,20]

15.

[/td][td=7,1,533]To reduce the great financial pressure facing the company, its management has to decide on
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,20]
[/td][td=5,1,193]____ expenditure cuts.
[/td][td=1,1,100]
[/td][td=1,1,240]
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,20]
[/td][td=4,1,101]A. considerate
[/td][td=1,1,92]B. tangible
[/td][td=1,1,100]C. modest
[/td][td=1,1,240]D. sweeping
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,20]

16.

[/td][td=7,1,533]With the help of the computer, they are able to ________ a new blueprint of the city in the
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,20]
[/td][td=4,1,101]near future.
[/td][td=1,1,92]
[/td][td=1,1,100]
[/td][td=1,1,240]
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,20]
[/td][td=3,1,66]A. ponder
[/td][td=1,1,34]
[/td][td=1,1,92]B. conceive
[/td][td=1,1,100]C. conjure
[/td][td=1,1,240]D. attribute
[/td][/tr][/table]
17. Our new manager puts a premium on ________, so now every morning we try to arrive earlier

[table=343pt][tr][td=1,1,174]than before.
[/td][td=1,1,164]
[/td][td=1,1,41]
[/td][td=1,1,77]
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,174]A. punctuation
[/td][td=2,1,205]

B. punctuality

[/td][td=1,1,77]
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,174]C. puncture
[/td][td=2,1,205]

D. acupuncture

[/td][td=1,1,77]
[/td][/tr][tr][td=2,1,338]18. I think it will take you half an hour to get to the airport,
[/td][td=1,1,41]
[/td][td=1,1,77]traffic delays.
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,174]A. thinking better of
[/td][td=2,1,205]B. accounting for
[/td][td=1,1,77]
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,174]C. responsible for
[/td][td=2,1,205]D. allowing for
[/td][td=1,1,77]
[/td][/tr][/table]
19. To the needy people, the TV screen provides a daily reminder of the contrast between their

[table=356pt][tr][td=4,1,385]

own poverty and the _____ enjoyed by the rest of the society.

[/td][td=1,1,89]
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,138]

A. influence

[/td][td=2,1,120]

B. indulgence

[/td][td=1,1,126]C. abundance
[/td][td=1,1,89]D. affluence
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,138]20. Everything requires
[/td][td=1,1,62]
[/td][td=3,1,273]. To me the motto is: Never give up.
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,138]

A. persistence

[/td][td=2,1,120]

B. consistency

[/td][td=1,1,126]C. constancy
[/td][td=1,1,89]D. insistence
[/td][/tr][/table]
1.A much too 太，非常。very much 非常，一般修饰分词，例如：very much pleased 非常满意。all too 太，过，例如：all too soon 太早。too all 没有这种固定用法。

2.B 句意：一群逃亡者在刺骨的寒风中艰难疲惫地在积雪中跋涉着，向边界挺进。trudge沉重地跋涉，艰苦疲惫地走。scurry 疾走，仓皇奔跑。stroll 漫步，徘徊。trample 践踏，蹂躏。

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3.D 句意：警察向我们保证会采取预防措施以防止此类事件再次发生。precaution 防备（措

施）。prevention 制止，防止。preparation 准备，预备。prediction 预示，预报。

4.B dispose (of)安排，处理，布置。desert 抛弃，遗弃，丢弃。transact 办理，做交易。discompose

使不安，使烦恼。

5.D respectful 有礼貌的，这里表示尊敬对方而站在一定的距离。respective 各自的，各个的。

respectable 可敬的。respected 被尊敬的，尊重的。

6.A term 词，术语。medical term 医学术语。glossary 术语表或专门词语汇编，侧重“汇编”的意思。vocabulary 词汇。idiom 成语，方言。

7.B 句意：有时，单独的建筑并没有什么特别的历史价值，但和其它建筑连在一起看时，就有历史意义了。correlation 相互关系，关联。in correlation with 和…联系起来,相互依存。distinction 区别，差别。design 设计。conjunction 联合，联系，连续。in conjunction with 与…一道，配合。

8.B furtively 偷偷地，鬼祟地。frightfully 可怕地，令人毛骨悚然地。fervidly 热烈地，热情

地。floridly 华丽地，丰富多彩地。

9.D suspect 怀疑有罪，嫌疑。doubt 不确定，不相信。apprehend 捉拿，逮捕，领会。convict

宣判有罪。

10.B estrangement 疏远，隔离，离间。strangeness 陌生，不寻常，奇怪。transmigration 转

世，轮回。frivolity 轻浮的举止。

11.B pragmatic 实际的，注重实效的。theoretical 理论的。ligeance 效忠，忠心。provident

未雨绸缪的，节俭的。

12.C implication 内涵，含意。denotation 指示。meaning 意义，意思，词义。connotation 隐

含意义，言外之意。

13.C 句意：这个国家越来越多的人意识到有很多益处的教育是人生的准备阶段。embrace（指物）包含，包括。comprise 由…组成，包含。undertake 承担，担任，保证。bestow给予，授给。

14.A 句意：两派纷争摧毁了这个曾经繁荣的商业小镇，如今残骸和废墟随处可见。desolate

荒芜的，废墟的。barren 贫瘠的，无效的。negligible 可忽视/略的。tragic 悲剧的。 15.D 句意：为了减少公司面临的财政压力，管理层必须决定全面削减开支。sweeping 全面

的，大幅度的。considerate 细心的，考虑周到的。tangible 确切的，切实的。modest谦虚的，庄重的。

16.B conceive 设想，构想出（计划、主意等）。ponder 长时间思考，沉思。conjure 变戏法，

使某事浮现于脑际。attribute 归因于，认为是…的缘故。

17.B 句意：新经理设立了守时奖励，所以每天早上我们都尽力比平时早到一些。punctuality

严守时间，准时。punctuation 标点符号。puncture 穿孔，扎，戳。acupuncture 针刺法，针灸。

18.D allow for 考虑到，留出。think better of 对…有较高评价，改变…的念头。account for 说明，由于。responsible for 对…负责。

19.D 句意：对穷人来说，电视屏幕成了他们的日常提醒，提醒着他们的贫穷与社会其他人富裕的差距。affluence 富裕，充裕。influence 影响。indulgence 纵情，沉迷，宽容。

abundance 丰富，大量。

20.A 句意：任何事都需要毅力。我的格言就是永不放弃。persistence 坚持，百折不回，毅力。consistency 一致，言行一致。constancy 不变，恒久性。insistence 坚持，强调，此词具有“一而再，再而三”之意。

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Part II Reading Comprehension （40 %）

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pen.

Passage One

Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for “academic mobility” is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world; and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.

Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontier, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.

In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.

Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, a far greater number of scholars and students.

In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced study has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.

Frequently these specializations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.

But as the specializations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there has been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has

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led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.

21. What, in the writer’s opinion, happens to a scholar who shares his ideas with his colleagues?

A. He gains recognition for his achievements.

B. He attracts large numbers of students.

C. He risks his ideas being stolen.

D. He is considered slightly mad.

22. The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because .

A. their fellow experts are scattered around the world

B. their laboratories are in remote places

C. there are so many people working in similar fields

D. textbooks have wide circulation

23. The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars

to ______.

A. cut down research costs C. spend less time traveling

B. keep up with current developments D. develop their ideas more quickly

24. Developments in international co-operation are often, it is suggested, the result of______.

A. articles in learned journals

B. programs initiated by governments

C. friendships formed by scholars at meetings

D. the work of international agencies

25. In the writer’s opinion, interdisciplinary studies are important because they _______.

A. encourage scholars to concentrate on their own specializations

B. allow scholars to change disciplines more easily

C. make scholars aware of problems outside their own field

D. allow overworked scholars to relax

21.A 文章第二段第二句 The point of learning…or a new technique 指出：学习的关键在于与人分享，无论是与学生还是与同事；只有古怪的人才有兴趣把新发现或新技术归功于自己。所以由此推测，学者与人交流时，能得到别人的承认，故选项 A 正确。

22.A 文章第二段提到 other people in other parts of the world…thinking along the same lines 通过游历他们能够获得 the most stimulating teachers…the likeliest road to gold，可以判断选项 A 他们的同伴遍及全世界，正确。

23.B 第六段中 Associated with this is…and symposia 指出：the growth of specialist societies and periodicals 能使专家们了解不同研究中心的最新动态，能使他们在座谈会上见面交流，故选项 B 正确。

24.C 作者在第六段最后一句提到，学术会议上建立的 personal relationships 是 formalized

schemes of cooperation 的基础，故选项 C 正确。

25.C 文章最后一段说到 one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems

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