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2013年山东大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题
YySo%\d 2013年山东大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题 Part I Grammar and Vocabulary JHa\"h 1. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that __________ the speakers stopped for deferments. Hu+GN3`sx^ A. at large B. at intervals C. at ease D. at random .Nk5W%7]= 2. When traveling, you are advised to take travelers’ checks, which provide a secure__________ to carrying your money in cash. XTRF IY A. substitute B. selection C. inference D. alternative 3. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a character. A. gracious B. suspicious C. unique D. particular z9E*1B+ 4. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this__________produces artificial cold surrounding it. ]f>0P3O5& A. absorption B. transition C. consumption D. interaction
OZEbs 7 5. Language, culture, and personality may be considered__________of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact. :!JQ<kV A. Indistinctly B. separately C. irrelevantly D. independently *T~b
ox 6. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th__________the birth of Jesus Christ. [5]n,toAh A. in accordance with B. in terms of C. in favor of D. in honor of >[;L. 7. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must __________the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand. wVs"+4l< A. improve B. enhance C. guarantee D. gear F` &W5[ 8. To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed __________and means of packing. a#lytp A. specimens B. inspections C. samples D. specifications lOM8%{.'_x 9. Many of the conditions that __________population pressures --- overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness --- lead to dissatisfaction. qWf[X' A. bring forward B. give rise to C. feed up with D. result from YRMe<upo 10. Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily__________for a month or a year as for a single day. AD+OQLG]` A. put up B. stay up C. speed up D. make up UA(4mbz+ 11. The fact that the earth’s surface heats__________provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region. p{:y?0pGN A. infrequently B. irregularly C. unsteadily D. uneverny EwmNgmYq 12. If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird __________a set of actions to protect its offspring. o1"N
{Eu A. hastens B. releases C. devises D. initiates 9tb-;| 13. How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be__________to tourist spending? 7
8r0K 5= A. attributed B. applied C. contributed D. attached \98N8p;,I 14. Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and __________for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old. A. ingredient B. reliance C. shelter D. inclination |5ge4,
}0 BO7XN; <EcxNj1 15. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to __________wonderful bargains in the market. \Rb:t} A. pick up B. bump into C. pile up D. bring back BoST?"&}' 16. Scientists are searching for the oldest tree __________because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change. ?>iUz.];t A. lively B. alive C. living D. live qVI0?B
x 17. The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City __________shock and anger throughout the world. :Ocw+X3 A. tempted B. provoked C. summoned D. enveloped ekU%^R< 18. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that __________girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today. 1Lk(G9CoY A. enrolling B. assigning C. involving D. consenting w
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19. The UN official said aid programs will be __________until there is adequate protection for relief personnel. Zd%wX<hU" A. multiplied B. arrested C. spanned D. suspended $45.*>, 20. Despite almost universal__________of the vital importance of women’s literacy, education remains a dream for many women in far too many countries of the world. hqlQ-aytS A. confession B. identification C. acknowledgement D. compliment U*E)y7MY 21. Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now __________much of their food. h_+ A. deliver B. import C. produce D. develop D6l.x]K 22. Because Jenkins neither __________nor defends either management or the striking workers, both aides admire his journalistic Q;!rN) A. criticizes...acumen B. attacks…neutrality C. confronts…aptitude D. dismisses…flair 23. Some anthropologists claim that a few aps have been taught a rudimentary sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only __________their trainers. -`eB4j'7 A. imitating B. condoning C. instructing D. acknowledging ZTz07Jt 24. It is ironic that the__________insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they have become mere *8m['$oyV A. oriinal… cliches B. banal… beliefs C. dubious… habits D. philosophical-questions Hh*?[-&r~ 25. The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable__________, when weight loss if not stops. QIevps* A. moods… accelerates B. feasts… halts C. holidays… contracts D. plateaus… slows 26. Since the author’s unflattering references to her friends were so__________, she was surprised that her__________were recognized. YURMXbj A. laudatory… styles B. obvious… anecdotes C. oblique… allusions D. critical… eulogies 27. If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the erosion of religion herald the __________of moraliy? <F;+A{M) A, regulation B. basis C. belief D. collapse 3X1 1Gl 28. Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be __________, and therefore external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species. {7@*cBqN A. learned… immune to B. innate… unaffected by C. intricate… belong to D. specific… confused with 3NDddrL9 29. Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy __________at any price. _8
|X820 A. order B. emancipation C. hope D. liberty A;RV~!xx 30. As a person who combines care with _________, Marisa completed her duties with__________as well as zeal. {&mHfN A. levity„ resignation B. enthusiasm„ meticulousness C. vitality„ willingness D. empathy„ rigor 0kOwA%m PartⅡ Close QAp]cE1ew The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name __31__ , it combines biology and modern technology through such __32__ as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, __33__ in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent (取得专利) seeds that give a high yield (产量), that __34__ disease, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for dangerous chemicals. __35__ such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised __36__ about genetically engineered crops. "In nature, genetic diversity (多样性) is created within certain limits," says the book Genetic Engineering, Food and Our Environment. "A rose can be crossed(杂交) with a different kind of rose, but a lose will __37__ cross with a potato ..." Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to __38__ a desired property or character. This could mean, __39__ , selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes __40__ from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. __41__ , then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that __42__ species. Like the green revolution, (43)what some call the gene revolution (44)contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity (千篇一律) –some say even more so (45)because geneticists can employ techniques such (46)as cloning and organ culture, processes that produce perfectly (47)identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new(48) issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. ―We are flying blindly into a new (49) of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potensial (50) , ‖ said science writer Jeremy Rifkin. lV%1I@[M 31. A. suggests B. recalls C. concerns D. advises 7#%Pry 32. A. concepts B. views C. techniques D. courses 2wIJ;rh 33. A. participate B. focus C. specialize D. involve ?\, ^>4x? 34. A. treat B. avoid C. oppose D. resist !mmMAsd, 35. A. If B. Unless C. Since D. As
EO&Q 36. A. demands B. topics C. concerns D. lessons hJ}i+[~be 37. A. sometimes B. never C. frequently D. eventually N T`S)P*? 38. A. convey B. transfer C. select D. collect L(Y1ey9x 39. A. for example B. for one thing C. on one hand D. in any case i+*!"/De 40. A. resulted B. evolved C. injected D. taken -zR
<m 41. A. In contrast B. In that C. In case D. In essence
d~LoHp 42. A. separate B. form C. create D. vary *;o%*: 43. A. what B. where C. as D. so )>iOj50n3 44. A. combines B.contributes C.commands D. breaks !(GyOAb 45. A. that B.because C. if D. when g^'h4qOa 46. A. like B. for example C. as D. is JE?rp1. 47. A. resembling B. alike C. similar D. identical ;w7 mr1 48. A. issues B. height C. difficulties D. goals )kpEcMlR 49. A. spot B. era C. deadline D. scheme cg
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O( 50. A. navigations B. mystery C. outcomes D. destinations B/twak\ Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Passage 1 2Y
vr|] \8 The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be ―all things to all people‖. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, ―the nation’s colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials (文凭) than in providing a quality education for their students. ―The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an integrated core of common learning. Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. ― Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: ―Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.‖ Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that ―There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.‖ J2bvHxb Rd 51. When a college tries to be all things to al people‖ (Lines 1-2, Para. 1) it aims to ________. X?5{2ulrI A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously )PX VR
T B) focus on training students in various skills 8<=^Rkz C) encourage students to take as many courses as possible 1[%3kY-h D) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends 4Yj1Etq.E 52. By saying that ―in too many academic fields, the work has no context‖ (Lines 4-5, Pare. 1) the author means that the teaching in these areas ________. dljE.peL A) ignores the actual situation WR;1 B) is not based on the right perspective #@R0$x C) only focuses on an integrated core of common learning H QqFrR
D) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students ]}2)U 53. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that ________. M(%H A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges VD;*UkapZx B) students don’t have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn $J[( 3 C) skills are being taught as a means to an end >!963>D R D) students are only interested in obtaining credentials iq#{*:1 56 According to the passage, which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapid extinction of man species since the 17th century? ~ao:9ynY A Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species. honh'j B Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution. 56v G R( C The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems. d0El2Ct8 D The world’s climate has changed so greatly that most species cannot survive. ?nU<cx h 57 In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word islands refers to VkQ@c;C A the lands that are completely surrounded by water. {bj!]j B the wild animals’ breeding grounds protected by law X/5m}-6d] C the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roads. JZ5k3#@e D the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species. _CwTe=K} 58 This passage mentions all of the following reasons that cause the extinction of man species except `7"="T~ * A natural selection of species. B various natural disasters. gx&es\ C commercial trade and killing. D destruction of natural surroundings. sf*4|P
} 59 According to the passage, which of the following is most important in saving declining species? F};R A Governments should make some laws to protect endangered species. AA\a#\#Z3 B People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings. AuNUW0/
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C Relevant laws must be made and enforced with the support of the people. <jh4P!\&j D Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals. L2H 60 How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct? d$!Q6ux; A Worried. B Optimistic. C Indifferent. D Confident. Passage 3 )+.=z Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that. R1];P*>%gZ Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep. O8]e(i The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into. A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape. abo=v<mR 61. All boys and girls in large families know that M2Q,&>M
A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together g~hMOI?KK^ B) people tend to be together more than they used to be 9q'9i9/3d C) a lot of people being together makes fights likely 4]o+)d.`( D) Railway leads the world to peace jTa\I&s |