中国科学院2022考博英语真题

Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

1. The basic structure of the U.S. Capitol as we know it today ________ over a period of more than 150 years.
A. evolved B. activated C. groped D. fluctuated

2. They much appreciate the work being done by their neighbor, but they are not in a walk of life where they can ________ and wait for better times.
A. look back B. sit back C. take back D. set back

3. The bridge, which stretches two and a half kilometers, ________ above the river at a top height of 343 meters.
A. soars B. surfs C. strikes D. smashes

4. Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships, but in 1790 the nation was ________ a new era of road development.
A. in the event of B. in wake of C. on the threshold of D. on the ground of

5. If a country turned inward and ________ itself, the result would be a diminished standard of living.
A. insulated B. worshiped C. extended D. innovated

6. It is occasionally necessary to use a number system to ________ the position of each building.
A. appoint B. resemble C. designate D. detect

7. Nothing kills your chances faster than your employer ________ you in a lie.
A. knocking B. catching C. involving D. cracking

8. The road is more than just a ________ to an end, so I planned to make several trips along the road over a few days.
A. method B. way C. path D. means

9. Our company has ________ its market share each year by selling only quality products.
A. enhanced B. enlightened C. embraced D. embodied

10. When answering this question, emphasize the work experience that ________ you for the job.
A. suits B. qualifies C. motivates D. guarantees

11. The congressmen have reached a (an) ________ that smoking should be banned within thirty feet from the entrance of a building.
A. consensus B. destination C. arrangement D. regulation

12. The train, ________ speeding to make up for lost time, seemed to be going more slowly than previously.
A. regardless of B. along with C. in case D. instead of

13. He made a (an) ________ effort to look happy, though deep in his heart he was feeling very miserable.
A. collaborative B. reckless C. conscious D. initial

14. Smartphones can promote efficiency by allowing people to get things done in spare moments that would ________ be wasted, such as while queuing for coffee.
A. otherwise B. anyway C. always D. therefore

15. Jane Austen’s characters took it for granted that men with money made more ________ mates.
A. diligent B. superior C. eligible D. amiable

16. Books that ________ animals, humor and courageous kids never go out of style.
A. reflect B. bear C. feature D. express

17. It took me a very long time to ________ the shock of my friend’s death.
A. get over B. take over C. take down D. get down

18. It is designed only to maintain minimum standards, not to assure an ________ or perfect decision.
A. apparent B. optional C. optimal D. imminent

19. The government leaders will gather in London in an attempt to ________ coordinated solutions for the two issues they all deem critical.
A. put up with B. get down to C. look up to D. come up with

20. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ________，particularly in Western Europe.
A. obscure B. obsolete C. overlapping D. occasional

PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)
Directions:For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Exercise can be a time-consuming affair for people who lead busy lives. Some merely use it as an excuse to _21_ their personal fitness responsibilities, but others really do face a dilemma. Successful business executives often do not have much time for _22_ workouts. And whenever they do have the time, they usually don’t feel up to it.
It is a fact of modern life that time equals money. However, time _23_ equals health! It is no use having all the riches in the world _24_ poor health won’t allow us to enjoy it. Our health is a priceless commodity. _25_ how much money we spend on state-of-the-art fitness equipment, expensive nutritional supplements _26_ trendy health club memberships, our personal fitness will always be a long-term _27_ that requires a minimum amount of time and effort.
_28_ research suggests that exercise does not have to take up much of your day. Moderate activities done at _29_ throughout the day can be as beneficial as demanding, serious workouts. Forget the rigid workout schedules. Do whatever you can _30_ you can, as long as you do it on a regular basis. Short bits of exercise can be just as _31_ as long workouts. Traditional recommendations stated that people had to exercise _32_ for at least 30 minutes at least three times a week to obtain health benefits. More _33_ recommendations state that short bouts of activity of at least 10 minutes _34_, several times a day, can be just as effective. Try to _35_ 30 minutes or more a day of moderately strenuous activities on most days of the week. It all adds up in the end!
21. A. shoulder B. dodge C. satisfy D. divide
22. A. spare B. proper C. extreme D. special
23. A. also B. really C. actually D. only
24. A. where B. while C. if D. whether
25. A. Given B. No matter C. Whatever D. Even if
26. A. for B. with C. and D. or
27. A. treatment B. trend C. development D. investment
28. A. Fortunately B. Naturally C. Statistically D. Ironically
29. A. ease B. intervals C. length D. a distance
30. A. whenever B. whoever C. whichever D. however
31. A. serious B. various C. demanding D. effective
32. A. intelligently B. enthusiastically C. continuously D. regularly
33. A. professional B. advisable C. recent D. scientific
34. A. ever B. each C. yet D. once
35. A. accelerate B. account C. accommodate D. accumulate

PART III READING COMPREHENSION
Section A (60 minutes, 30 points)
Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Not long ago, I stood on a corner near my home and watched as some of the 42,000 men, women and children participating in Boston’s Walk for Hunger strode by. Their 20-mile round-trip trek was a success, raising $3.6 million for food banks. It was as if, by burning calories, they were feeding the hungry.
Still, the logic that united the walkers, the donors and the hungry mystified me. After years of witnessing such events I still wonder why we must be a nation in motion to secure aid for the needy. Why are benefactors moved by the sight of urban hordes headed for the suburbs and back? Why do such exertions trigger the charitable impulse?
What I saw that morning in Boston was a resource diverted from its true purpose. Imagine those 210,000 man-hours (42,000 times a five-hour walk) put into direct service to benefit the poor. Think of the houses that might be built, roofs repaired, gardens planted and harvested, public spaces improved, and meals delivered to shut-ins.
In the charitable ritual that has evolved, two sides expend energy, but only the sponsors’ efforts directly aid the poor. The others’ is pure sweat equity that goes nowhere but down the necks of the participants. Consider, too, the public resources expended: the rescue squads and medics along the way, the police sealing off urban arteries, the snarling of traffic. I do not question the sincerity of the participants, but in these mass mobilizations I see many lost opportunity costs. I recognize the value of exercise and companionship, but question why society values these schemes.
The easy explanation, of course, is that there would be no giving—or not nearly so much—without the walks. Fund-raisers recognize that the nobility of giving is often stimulated by activities that conjoin the selfless with self-interest. For giving, we often offer value received. Raffles and auctions and naming rights are among the inducements used to win support. But that’s not what’s going on here.
Those who oversee such fund-raising spectacles argue that there is more to these events than meets the eyes—mine included. These walks and runs are incubators for future volunteers and donors. They constitute a public proclamation that others matter. They make the invisible visible. More to the point, it is easier to get relatives, friends and colleagues to open their pocketbooks than it is to win over the largess of strangers.
36. 42,000 people walked for 20 miles to ________.
A. lose weight
B. protest against food banks
C. raise money for the poor
D. impress the media
37. What puzzled the author?
A. Why we aid the hungry people.
B. Why people walk to suburbs.
C. The connection between the nation and the needy.
D. The connection between walking and charity.
38. In the third paragraph, the author thought that ________.
A. the walkers could have helped the poor people directly
B. the resources should be divided fairly
C. the number of participants is larger than needed
D. the housing conditions should be improved
39. According to the writer, in charity efforts, ________.
A. public inconvenience should be endured
B. participants’ sincerity should be questioned
C. opportunities should be open to the public
D. public resources should be used more efficiently
40. The writer is doubtful about ________.
A. sponsors’ efforts in helping the poor
B. volunteers’ motive in charity efforts
C. the value of mass mobilization
D. the value of exercise and companionship
41. The strength of the fund-raising activities is ________.
A. lo get more people involved in charity
B. lo make a show to the spectators
C. lo get the attention of the government
D. to decrease the gap between the rich and the poor

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