全国医学博士统一考试2004

2004
patr II vocabulary(10%)
31.All the characters in the play are_____
A.imaginable adj.可想象的, 可能的
B.imaginary adj.假想的, 想象的, 虚构的
C.imaginative adj. 富于想象力的
D.imagining
32.The judge _____ all the charges against Smith
A.dismissed dismiss a charge驳回指控
B.eliminated除去, 排除, 削减(人员)’不予考虑eliminate the false and retain the true去伪存真
C.refusedvt.拒绝, 谢绝n.废物, 垃圾
D.discardedinto the discard成为无用之物; 被遗忘throw sth. into the discard放弃某事
33.The actress _____ the terms of her contract and was prosecuted起诉 by the producer制片人.
A.ignored(因证据不足而)驳回诉讼
B.ratified ratify an amendment to a constitution批准宪法修正案
C.drafted vt.起草
D.violated违犯,;扰乱;violate a law犯法violate sleep妨碍睡眠violate sb.'s privacy侵扰某人的安静; 闯入私室
34.At this time of the year,university admission offices are_____with inquires from anxious applicants.
A.annoyed
B.thrilledv.发抖
C.trampledn.踩踏, 蹂躏v.践踏, 踩坏, 轻视
D.reproached v.责备
35.When the former President_____her candidacy候选资格,she had a good chance of being elected.
A.enforced强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强
B.endorsed v.在(票据)背面签名, 签注(文件), 认可, 签署
C.follow up v.穷追, 把...探究到底, 用继续行动来加强效果
D.put forward v.放出, 拿出, 提出, 推举出
36.The country’s highest medal was _____upon him for heroism.
A.earned
B.bestowed给与, 授, 赠, 赐(on, upon)I do not deserve all the praises bestowed upon me.我不配得到这些赞扬。
C.creditedcredit ...to...把...归功于credit sb. with认为某人[某事]具有...credit sth. with把...归因于某人[某事]
D.granted
37.The local government leaders are making every effort to ___the problem of poverty.
A.tackle
B.taperv.逐渐变细, 逐渐减少The organization tapered off in about half a year.那个组织大约半年内就逐渐消失了
C.suppress
D.tangle
38.At the party we found that the shy girl __her mother all the time
A.harmonizing with v.协调
B.clinging to依附, 依靠, 坚持
C.depending on
D.adjusting to适应, 调节.
39.We managed to reach the top of the mountain,and half an hour later we began to__
A.decline
B.ascend ascend to升至; 追溯(到...时间)
C.descend descend from从...下来是...的后裔, 源于descend upon/on突然拜访某人
D.plunge
40.Losing the job was bad,but even worse was the feeling that I had___my dear wife and child
A.let alone停止, 中止, 放松
B.let down放下, 使失望, 辜负, 松劲, 减速下降
C.let off放出, 饶恕, 准许...暂停工作
D.let up停止, 中止, 放松
section B
41.The temperature of the atmosphere becomes colder as elevation increase.
elevation n.上升,海拔, 提高,
A.altitude n.(尤指海拔)高度,
B.aptitude n.恰当, 智能, 聪明, 自然倾向
C.latitude n.纬度, 范围, (用复数)地区, 行动或言论的自由(范围)
D.longitude n.经度, 经线
42.She was wo stubborn that she wouldn’t change her opinions.
A.unwilling
B.talented
C.obstinate
D.determined
43.On Christmas Eve ,she spent two hours decorating the room with flower chains.
A.modifying
B.ornamenting装饰, 修饰;
C.disposing vt.①布置;~ furniture in its proper order将家具布置在适当的地方.
②使易患(某病);Getting your feet wet ~s you to catching cold.把脚弄湿使你容易伤风.
D.packing包装, 捆扎, 塞满
Adorn vt.装饰；修饰; embellishment装饰,润色,修饰decorate装饰bedeck vt.[~ with]装饰;be ~ed with flowers (jewels, flags)
用花(珠宝，旗子)装饰.
44.Nobody can stand for long agony of a sever toothache. 极大的痛苦
A.sufferance 宽容；默许；容忍；忍受;It is beyond ~.这无法忍受.
B.suppuration化脓
C.plague n.瘟疫, 麻烦, 灾祸; v.折磨, 使……苦恼
D.torment痛苦；苦痛;
suffering痛苦,灾害,损害,痛苦的torture剧痛
45.When we recall a story of identical offspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in order to further his horrible work,we are outaged.
A.enlighted授与……知识, 启发, 启蒙
B.calmed
C.provoked激怒, 惹起, 驱使stir up/arouse
D.moved②感动；鼓动
46.Only native-born citizens are eligible for the US.presidency.
legible a.清晰的, 易读的
legal法律的, 合法的
eligible常与 for 连用①有被选资格的;be ~ for promotion(membership)in a society在协会里有资格提升(当会员).
A.obliged
B.intelligible
C.competent①[指人]有能力的；能胜任的;be ~ in one's work能胜任工作.be ~ to do sth有能力做某事.
D.qualified
47.Tomorrow’s match has been called off because of the foul weather坏天气
A.prevented
B.delayed
C.cancelled
D.forbidden
48.Losing his job was a financial catastrophe for his family
A.calamity
B.accident事故,意外伤害,偶然事件
C.frustration挫折,失意
D.depression ,抑郁(症),阻抑,压低,抑郁,
49.Children were expected to be obedient and contribute to the well-being of the family.A.B.C.D.
A.smart
B.efficient效率高的;~ methods of teaching有效的教学方法. Proficient a.熟练的，精通的，有水平的;be ~ in driving (a car)开车熟练.
C.painstaking辛苦的, 勤勉的, 小心的be ~ with one's work辛勤地工作，苦干.
D.submissive服从的, 顺从的, 柔顺的
50.While many applaud the increasing individualism and freedom of children within the family,others lament the loss of family responsibility and discipline lament v.哀悼, 悔恨, 悲叹
A.mourn
B.delight
C.prosecute v.进行, 实行, 起诉accuse charge with sue
D.condemn判刑, 责备, 处刑, 谴责denounce rebuke convict [~ sb of sth]证明…有罪(错误)；~ sb of his errors证明某人有错误.
~ sb of theft宣告某人有盗窃罪.be ~ed of sin确信有罪.
part IV
passage one
Although speech and writing are the special means of communicating of humans,the interchange also takes place in many other ways.A person may relay his or her feelings,thoughts and reactions through body positioning,body contact,body odors,eye contatct,responsive actions,habits attitudes,interests,state of health ,dress and grooming修饰,choice if life-style,and use of talents—in fact,through everything the individual says or does.
In turn,every person is constantly receiving multitudes of external and internal messages through his or her five sense and personal biorhythm生物节律 system. An individual screens,selects,regulates,and controls specific aspects of this information through a process of mental choices.Some of these choices are automatic;some are subconscious because of habit,block,or lack of development; and some are made by a conscious process. The degree to which a person is able to communicate depends upon the extent of his or her conscious awarness,priority of need,and control of this process.
The person with a behavior disorder is shut off切断from the communicative flow that normally exists among humans.His or her mind is confused,and he or she may feel unable to express personal thoughts,need,and emotions,and that he or she is communicating clearly but that others cannot or will not understand.Because the person is thus isolated in internal problems,he or she is interested only in these problems and cannot focus attention on the messages of others.The person often projects fears and fantasies onto others设想某人怀有和自己一样的恐惧和幻想,so that no matter what the real content is of the messages that others relay,the messages received are threatening ones.
project sth. onto sb.以己之心度人之腹
The cause of such communicative shutoffs are blocks in the neural pathways of the person’s processing of information.Sometimes a block is physical,as in deafness,mental retardation智力迟钝,brain tumor ,or hardening of the cerebral arteries动脉硬化.However,the most common causes of blocks are injuries to a person’s emotional system.
Emotional blocks occur to some degree in all human beings.They usually occur in childhood before good communicatives skills are learned,and they are connected to individual symbolism.Unless such a block is removed shortly after happening,it can have profound and complicating effects that will distort emotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of the individual.Even though a child with blocks will appear to grow and to seem mature in some ways,he or she will show the evidence of emotional blocking in efforts to communicate.
61.The concluding phrase of the first paragraph implies that human communication
A.is characterized by two features,form and meaning
B.is mainly conducted through speech and writing
C.is of two fuctions,stimulation and response
D.takes two forms,verbal and nonerbal
62.In the second paragraph the author is mainly concerned with____
A.communicative ability
B.external and internal messages
C.information and mental processing
D.conscious and subconscious awareness
63.Shut off from the communicative flow,the person with a behavior disorder___
A.is unable to focus attention on internal problems
B.is isolated in internal problems
C.relays threatening messages
D.all of the above
64.Which of the following is universal according to the passage?
A.Nerual blocks
B.physical blocks
C.cerebral blocks
D.emotional blocks
65.The passage ends with____
A.the contributing factors to emotional and mental disorder
B.the importance of acquiring good communicative skills
C.the significance of eliminating early emotional blocks
D.the warning of emotional blocks common in childhood
passage 2
Despression is a state of low vitality and discontent with life in which the individual withdraws from normal life activities even to the point of considering death as an attractive alternative.
Although everyone experiences “the blues” 忧郁, 沮丧or periods of low spirits when nothing in life seems to go well,when everything seems to be an effort,and when efforts lead to frustration,these periods are usually brief and are likely to occur when the person is tired,hungry,lonely,or sick.Rest,good food,talking with friends,some fun/or an end to the sickness are usually enough to cure the blues.But when the low spirits persist,or when there are large swings in mood from elation to desolation得意洋洋到悲哀,when nothing seems to catch the interest of the person,when relatives of friends cannot cheer the person and he or she continuous to withdraw,then the person is depressed.
be in the blues; fall in the blues 情绪低落feel blue感到无精打采give sb. the blues使某人情绪低落have the blues郁郁不乐
look blue神色沮丧; 脸色发青,
Even such depressions are normal under certain circumstances.Anyone who is faced with a serious and painful illness or the loss of a limb,is exhausted by repeated narrow escapes九死一生 from death(such as occurs in wartime),has been exposed to a dehumanizing 无人性的environment（such as occurred with the Jews in Nazi Germany）,has had an overwhelming无法抵抗的series of stressful setbacks挫折,or has experienced the death of several family members within a shor time is expected to be depressed.
However,there are many depressed people who seem to the casual observer to have no reason to be depressed.Depression under these circumstances stems from severe behavior disturbance (身心等方面的)障碍, 失调 in which the person sees himself or herself as worthless.Such image典型 is usually the result of the psychosocical conditioning条件作用 of a childhood deprived of a parental role model of security, love,care,and attention essential for the development of trusting relationships.The depressed person needs to build a new image of himself or herself as a useful and needed person.Psychotherapy is often helpful in restoring恢复 natural inner内心的 confidence and capacity for meaningful and trusting relationships.
The depressed person can find little beauty or fun in life.His or her talk is filled with gloomy negatives.Doom and anxiety fill his or her mind.Depression is often cyclical,and when the anxiety does lift the person may demonstrate an opposite extreme of carefree无忧无虑的irresponsibility.
Although it often takes years of psychotherapy for the individual to work through the underlying suspicion and anger of his or her problems,acceptance by another will get through to 使......了解even the most deeply depressed person if the other is sincere.An attitude of matter-of-fact hopefulness on the part of those around the depressed person can reassure him or her of eventual recovery.
The disturbed thoughts of the depressed person cannot be forgotten until they are replaced by other thoughts.Yet,in depression,the person does not see that he or she has choices about what thoughts occupy his or her mind.The person needs to explore alternatives for thoughts and actions and learn to care for himself or herself enough to modify his or her own behavior.
66.Unlike others,according to the passage,a depressed person___
A.is likely to recover in a short period of time
B.does not reveal any underlying causing
C.is characteristic of self-hatred
D.tends to stay with“the blues”
67.From a serious and painful illness to the death of several family members,the author is trying to tell us that ___
A.depressions can potentially be detrimental to mental health
B.the severity of depression varies with individuals
C.depressions are overwhelming prevailing
D.depressions are sometimes inescapable不可避免的
68.Those who present no reason to be depressed,according to the passage___
A.need protect their self-images
B.need a parental role model at home
C.can be helped psychologically to be usueful and need persons
D.can be helped to restore their trusting relationships with their parents
69.The author implies that what the depressed person needs most is ___
A.sincerity
B.acceptance
C.reassurance
D.all of above
70.Under psychotherapy,the depressed person is encouaged___
A.to free his or her mind of any thought
B.to find substitutes for the disturbed thoughts
C.to reassure himself or herself of early recovery
D.to explore as many therapeutic approaches as possible.
Passage 3
Seana lived in the inpatient hospice unit for more than a month,far longer than anyone would have predicted,sustained only on pain medications and Popsicles.
Late March in Chicago is only technically spring.Most of the time it is still cold and overcast.However,this day was warm,60 degrees and sunny.It was a Saturday and we planned to go outside after I finished rounds.I found Seana back on the unit sitting in her wheelchair,IV pole and pumps in tow,her winter coat partially covering hospital gown.Her sister-in-law and Carla,her nurse’s aide,wer ready to go.Everyone was in a great mood.
We went down the elevator,into the brightly sunlit outdoors,and onto the driveway by the women’s hospital.Though the initial idea was to just sit in the sun a bit,we were drawn toward the sidewalk.There were the usual smokers outside the hospital,and the smell of cigarette smoke was the first thing I noticed.It seemed horrible to come out here,to have that smell be the first thing to greet Seana.Simultaneous with that thought,though, she said,“What a wonderful smell!”I adked her what smell was so wonderful and she said that it smelled like McDonald’s.I was thinking,she really does appreciate everything.We went on to the sidewalk and watched a father pitching a ball to his 4-year-old son.The continuity between grnerations was moving,almost beyond words.As we got to the corner,an inspiration灵感came:we could make it to Lake Michigan,only a few blocks away.Did she want to try?Did everyone want to try?Of course we did!Carla said that it felt like we were cutting school.So off we went ,across Sheridan Road,the four of us quite a motley sight:Seana looking like death warmed over in her wheelchair,I wearing my gray hospital coat,the nurse’s aede in an outrageous green leather coat,her sister-in-law in an Ohio State sweatshirt.Cars slowed down;we waved.We walked up the road to the beach,cutting through rutted lawns,the wheelchair bumping in the spring mud.Seana didn’t say much,but she seemed translucent in the sun,beaming,lit from within.I imagined it as her farewell tour of the world.I can only fathom 看穿 the poignant可怜的 wealth of feelings that were stimulated.For me ,it evoked the sense of being a tourist,where everything seems special,a little strange,and very impermanent.I had experienced this same lakefront that way three years before.Then,I had just recovered from my own near death in the form of a myocardial infarction心肌梗塞 and cardiac arrest and was filled with joy and gratitude感恩；感谢[to sb,for sth]; that I was still here.The world looked new.
I had been Seana’s age.
She taught me that awareness of death and appreciation of life go together:to imagine that you are seeing things for the last tome has the same intensity as seeing them for the first.
71.Upon finishing rounds,the author___
A.joined Seana for an outing
B.went to the inpatient hospice unit临终关怀病区
C.managed to get a wheelchair for Seana
D.found the prrfect weather for a stroll with Seana
72.We can infer that the smell of smoke made the author feel that ___
A.it was a wrong idea to smoke outside of the hospital
B.the sidewlk was a wuong place for smoking
C.it had been the right plan to go out
D.Seans was at a wrong place
73.Outside the hospital,Seana enjoyed everything including___
A.the fast food at McDonald’s
B.the smell of smoke
C.the generation gap
D.all of the above
74.The author would say that Seana being wheeled in the sun___
A.was fascinated by the team’s motley sight
B.imagined her farewell tour of the world
C.was emotionally aroused from within
D.was fond of appreciating nature
75.During the outing,the author perceived Seans’s appreciation of life___
A.in her hope of recvery
B.in her awareness of death
C.in seeing things for the first time
D.in bing a tourist at the lakefront
Passage 4
Two equally brilliant scientists apply for a prestigious research fellowship awarded by a top scientific prganization.One is white,the other black.Does the color of their skin matter?
Most scientists will already be screaming a resounding响亮的 “no”. Those who progress in science do so because of their work,not their pigmentation染色.Sceince is meritocratic and objective. It must therefore be rigorously color-blind and shun避开 both racial discrimination and affirmative action.
Well,lit’s think about this.If science really is so meritocratic,where are all the black Nobel prize winners and fellows of the Royal Society?The black chairs of government scientific panels?The black Richard Dawkinses and Susan Greenfidlds?When Newsweek magazine recently surveyed Europe’s largest 100 companies it was shocked to unearth发掘, only six board members of non-European racial origin.One shudders to think what a similar survey of the upper echelons of European science would reveal.
Even the usually stick-in-the-mud保守的; 顽固的 British government now acknowledges there is a problem .Last month it promised new funding for projects desighed to combat institutional racism in science education in schools.As measures go it is little and late,but welcome nonetheless.Despite starting school as the top achievers,black British children have long underperformed in science.
And there are positive changes afoot higher up the scientific career ladder too.At present,few scientific organizations ,funding bodies or labs in Europe bother even to track the racial backgrounds of those they hire or fund.As a result the full scale of the under-representation problem is hidden.Not for much longer.Britain’s newly amended Race Relations Act requires all government bodies,including funding councils,to track the effects of their activities on different ethnic groups and ensure that all benefit equally.And next year a European Union directive will push all EU employers this way too.
But ethnic monitoring alone will not create the black role models European science so badly needs.Something else is needed.Funding agencies基金管理机 and influential有影响的organizations like the Royal Society must bite the bullet of affirmative action.That means ring-fencing fellowships and grants for applicants from particular racial backgrounds.And it means seeking out those who have broken through the barriers of race and giving them preference over their equally well-qualified white peers for positions of influence and places in the spotlight公众注意的中心.
Tokenism表面文章主义 and fine sentiments will no longer do.With other professions having already leapt ahead in this area,the enduring whiteness持久的苍白 of science is more than an embarrassment阻碍, 困窘:it is a barrier to its very credibility. If a large segment of Europe’s schoolchildren never see a scientist who looks like them,they will continue to think science is not for them.And if scientists don’t reflect the multifarcial多种的 societies they live in,they’ll find it hard to win the public trust they crave.
Does color matter?You bet it does.
76.Science is not so meritocratic because___
A.it is color-blind
B.it is racially diaceiminative
C.it awards wrong research workers
D.it is practiced by the white exclusively
77.The embarrassing problem addressed in the passage___embarrassment阻碍, 困窘, 拮据
A.was proved by Newsweek magazine’s survey
B.shocked government scientific panels
C.was revealed by the Royal Society
D.all of the above
78.One of the positive changes afoot is ___
A.funding research institutions of labs
B.setting up a scientific career ladder
C.hiding the racial discrimination
D.belittle racial backgrounds
79.To bite the bullet of affirmative action is ___
A.to set up black role models in Europe
B.to keep ethnic issues under surveillance
C.to restrict fellowship and grants to the black
D.to balance the distribution of fellowship and grants between the white and the black
80.The author argues that color matters because it is of ___
A.the nature of science
B.credibility in science
C.an embarrassing tokenism
D.mutual相互的trust between generations
passage,5
About 14,000 people will contract染上(疾病）contract a bad habit染上恶习contract pneumonia染上肺炎 HIV taday.And tomorrow and the day after that,and every day for the foreseeable future.That’s 5 million by the end of the year,most of whom will be dead within a decade.
Figures like these bring home the devastating破坏性的, 毁灭性的 impact of AIDS and the urgent need for a cheap,effective vaccine could stop the tide趋势 of infection and stem 阻止 the need for more,costly treatments.It could even help people who already have the virus stay healthy.
Back in 1990,druygs companies and researchers confidently predicted we’d have a vaccine against HIV-1 within 10 years.These were rash轻率的 statements.The virus has turned out to be more cunning and stealthy鬼鬼祟祟的, than anyone expected,and our knowledge of how vaccines bolster 支持the immune system has’t been good enough.A dozen years on,we still have no clear-cut清晰的 candidate for a vaccine.
So you might expect the announcement of two large-scale trials of AIDS vaccines to be applauded.Yet they have been criticized as a monumental 极端的 waste of money.The trials will test almost identical vaccines,neither of which is expected to offer great protectionagainst the virus.What’s more,both are funded by the US government, one through the National Institute of Health and the other through the Department of Defense国防部.
The NIH国家卫生研究所 and the DoD国防部 have a long history of rivalry竞争 in AIDS research,but in this case it seems sensible明智的 for the NIH to back down放弃原主张,Although the NIH is under pressure “to be seen to be doing something”,duplicating work of questionable value is itself questionable.Better to join forces with联合 the military for this trial and spend the money saved---which amounts to about ＄60 million---elsewhere.
There are,after all,reasons for optimism.A new wave of vaccines from industry and academia 学术界has nearly completed safety tests.It makes sense有意义 to carry out limited trials of all these newcomers,to identify which ones offer the best protection,before committing tens of millions of dollars to large trials.
Such a strategy would need the agreement of drugs companies,government agencies and medical charities---something that’s not as Utopian as it sounds.The NIH has already signed a deal密约 to test a new AIDS vaccine made by the pharmaceuticals giant Merck.And the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, a not-for-profit funding organization based in New York,has pioneered new ways to divide up分割 intellectual property 知识产权rights for successful vaccines.
What’s needed is cooperation and coordination协作和协调，not competition.The important thing is to find the fastest route to an effective vaccine.Every day we forget that ,another 14,000 people pay the price.
81.Today the tide of HIV infection___
A.drown 14,000 people
B.calls for a cheep,effective vaccine
C.rolls滚动前进without any countervailing 对抗measures
D.is curbed with an inexpensive,effective vaccine
82.Neither of the vaccines tested in the two large-scale trials___
A.is in a right track
B.turned out to be a manufacturer
C.is sufficiently funded for research
D.is capable of inhibiting the tide of HIV infections
83.The author questions___
A.the two rivisls’ intention to back down
B.insufficient investment in AIDS research
C.the two trials testing almost indentical vaccines
D.the allocation of funds between the NIH and the DoD
84.According to the passage,it is imperative that___
A.the two rivals of AIDS vaccines change their research lines
B.less pressure be imposed upon the NIH and the DoD
C.the NIH join the DoD
D.all of the above
85.The strategy put forward in the passage implies that___
A.rivalries can hamper the fight against AIDS
B.there are no shortcuts to conqueest over AIDS
C.the tide of AIDS infections is not taken seriously enough
D.one single institution is enough to turn out an effective vaccine
passage 6
A boy who struggles to read English primary-school storybooks yet has no trouble with university physics textbooks in Japanese is challenging current thinking in dyslexia诵读困难.The 17-year-old boy,known as AS,is the first person shown to be dyslexic in one language but not in another.
“This could have profound consequences for concepts of reading,”says Taeko Wydell of Brunel University in west London,who has studied AS.“If there is a specific brain area for reading and person has impairment损伤 in this area,in theory all his languages should be affected.”The case is also posing problems for researchers who argue that dyslexia is a visual processing disorder.
AS has two English-speaking parents but lives in Japan.At the age of six,he began attending a Japanese primary school,but it soon became clear that he was lagging behind his Japanese counterparts in English.When AS was 13,tests confirmed that the problem was dyslexia,,a congenital天生的 difficulty with reading.The causes of dyslexia are poorly understood,but have been linked to damage in part of the brain’s left hemsphere known as the perisylvian area.The condition is marked by an impaired ability to process the written symbols of language,such as letters---which has led some researchers to suggest that the problem lies ultimately根本 in faulty visual processing视觉过程的处理障碍.
Intrigued by AS’s case,Wydell and her collegue Brain Butterworth of University College London looked at his reading in Japanese.Japanese has two written forms.One,called kanji日本汉字, cinsisfts of symbols that carry meaning but have no phonetic value.The kana日文的字母 script contains symbols that correspond to particular sounds.
Wydell first tested AS’s ability to read 160 words written in kanji.Many kanji characters have two pronunciations---one in the Chinese from which the symbols were derived and the other unique to Japanese---but only one is correct in a given context.Knowing how to pronounce a word can be extremely difficult.Yet AS read kanji at undergraduate level and so has no problem with his visual processing skills.He has also passed competitive high school entrance exams,which require expertise in kana.
In English,however,AS scored half as well as the average person of his age when asked to read real words and made-up words out loud. And he could read only one of 50 “difficult ”words,such as “nausea” and “aisle”.Nevertheless,AS perceives English sounds “just like a native”,says Wydell.
Wydell argue that AS’s case is difficult to reconcile with 使一致 conventional theories about dyslexia .“If AS has a problem with visual processing,”she says,“it should show up 暴露 even more in kanji.”She accept that many children diagnosed as dyslexic may well have problems processing visual information,but suspects that others ---like AS---suffer from a kind of dyslexia that occurs primarily in English.The problem,she believes,lies in the brains’s ability to tackle the Engliah language complex system of mapping sounds to letters,which gives rise to some eccentric spellings.By contrast,kans letters always sound the same.
Not all researchers in the field are persuade,however.“If AS’s sight vocabulary is so good in Japanese,”asks Marjorie Perlman Lorch,a neurolinguist at Birkbeck College,“why hasn’t he adopted the same strategy for irregular words in English?”She suspects that AS’s reading problems could stem from his position as a cultural outsider外人 in Japan. “Social identity and motivational 有关动机的 factors can be crucial.”
86. Dyslexia has been assumed ___
A.to be linked to vision
B.to be caused by faulty visual pocessing
C.to be a congenital disorder of mentality
D.to lie in the written symbols of language
87.What intrigued Wydell is___
A.AS’s visual processing disorder
B. AS’s dyslexia in his languages
C. AS’s impaired left hemsphere
D. AS’s selective dyslexia
88. According to Wydell’s investigation, AS ___
A.is not dyslexia in Japanese scripts字母
B.is not dyslexia in kanji but in kana
C. is not dyslexia in kana but in kanji
D.has a congential difficulty reading Japanese scrips
89. Wydell finds it hard to explain AS’s case in term of ___
A.faulty visual processing
B.English phonetics and spelling
C.congenital problems with reading
D.the disparities between English and Japanese
90.In AS’s case,according to Lorch,are involved___
A.social factors
B.cultural factors
C.motivational factors
D.all of the above

how to choose hospitals after entering WTO
With China’s entry into WTO, many people go to joint venture hospitals when they are ill. The reason for this is that these hospitals can provide quality services based on their advanced equipment, exquisite techniques, efficiency administration and excellent doctors. However, people have to pay a high fee in these hospitals, 80 percent of which is for the service itself. In China, nongovernmental hospitals occupy 41 percent of the total health care facilities, but they are relatively small in scale less advanced in equipment and techniques. Anyhow, more nongovernmental hospitals have been built up after entering WTO and are making an effort to improve services in term of nursing and rehabilitation of the aged with chronic diseases, and health care for infants and children. In this view, nongovernmental hospitals have a large growing space.
Public hospitals are government-run and excel nongovernmental ones in equipment and techniques. Compared with joint venture hospitals, charges in public hospitals are much lows and can be reimbursed according to the rules of social insurances, but the poor services are usually a big problem perplexing people. Facing the challenge of entering WTO, public hospitals are undergoing a series of reforms including their management system, personnel system, techniques, services, surroundings and fees in order to survive in competition with other types of hospitals.
2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.D
11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A
21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C
31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B
41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.A
51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.A 59.B 60.C
61.D 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.B
71.B 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.D 79.A 80.B
81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.D 88.A 89.A 90.D

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