考博英语写作的几种修辞手法 s[0prm5.
一、比喻(the figures of speech) r~S!<9f
比喻是语言艺术的升华。英语中常见的比喻方法有三种:明喻、隐喻和借喻。 w,M1`RsK
1.明喻(the simile) 4
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格式:本体 + 显著比喻词(like/as/as if---) + 喻体 _9}x2uO~
常用介词like 、连词as,as if,as---so、动词seem等以及句型A---to B as C---to D等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。 ?c|`
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例如:(1)Teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, and more brillant. 老师,您像太阳,又比太阳更灿烂更辉煌。 "-0pz\a
(2)Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as noble as pine trees! All praise to you, our beloved teacher. 您的心灵像雪一样纯净,您的人格像青松一般高洁!赞美您,敬爱的老师。 v`z=OHc
英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许多常用的明喻习语。例如: (1)as clear as crystal清如水晶 (2)as weak as water软弱无力 V\iIvBpWg
这类利用类似汉语的押韵和叠声增加语言的美感。与此同时,又可以使语言短小精悍,表达生动、形象。 IQ(]66c,
2.隐喻(the metaphor) 'U|MM;(
格是:本体 + is/are + 喻体来源:考试大 *3w/`R<\
例如:1)Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh my friend, what I scoop up from the river is all yearning of you. 时间是河、记忆如水,朋友,我从河里捧起来的都是对你的思念。 (2)Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 *pcbwd!/
注意:英语中存在着许多数词习语和俚语,用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。例如 : wu&|~@_s@
(1)You are one in a million.你真是人见人爱。 +P>
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(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。 ]X>QLD0W
(3)This film star is a nine days' wonder; I doubt whether anyone will remember her in a year's time.这位电影明星现在红极一时(也指昙花一现),但我认为一年以后人们不见得还记得她。 ~xlMHf
注意:英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如:(1)to teach fish to swim 班门弄斧 6k@% +<1
(2)to plough the sand 白费力气来源:考试大 Rk437vQD,
(3)up the tree骑虎难下;lame duck强弩之末;above board光明正大 Ovaj":L
3.借喻(the metonymy) 来源:考试大 DWm;&RPJ
格式:直接用比喻事物代替本体事物 Ab^>z
例如:(1)The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。 J^s<