By Voice of America Q+YRf3$
Broadcast: Monday, March 28, 2005 )B[0JrcE
©2001 Voice Of America, ©2005 Merriam-Webster Inc. 4'0Dr ++
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 8MSC.0
Parts of Speech Th=eNL]
Prefixes uDEvzk42
Expressions 'nF2aD%A
Science Words !Y-98<|b
M
Organs of the Body tg{H9t U;
PARTS OF SPEECH -;'1^
• n. (noun) - a name word gvL f|+m
• v. (verb) - an action word >Q(3*d >
• ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word ub|V\M{
• prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation 5=f|7y l
• pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun ^k9kJ+x^S2
• conj. (conjunction) - a joining word o_'p3nD
注：用鼠标左键点击带有下划线的单词词条即可听到发音 7 8/Zk}I
]
A "sG=w
jcw^
• a - ad. one; any; each -4cXRv]
• able - v. having the power to do something YGrg
• about - ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about the weather.") Bro9YP4<
• above - ad. at a higher place }5h qD BK?
• accept - v. to agree to receive kO}AxeQ
• accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event Xwhui 4'w
• accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement against someone B#M5}QT|2
• across - ad. from side to side; to the other side % ClHCoyA
• act - v. to do something tQjL Ov+?=
• activist - n. one who seeks change through action #E&80#Z5
• actor - n. someone acting in a play or show ^pYxKU_O
• add - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more #*
KNPh
• administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president or prime minister w'UVKpG+
• admit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.") ](s'L8 (x
• adult - n. a grown person pim!.=vN/U
• advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision lMBLIB]i
• affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected the singer's performance.") 2'W<h)m)z
• afraid - ad. feeling fear 1 A\OC
• after - ad. later; behind oomT)gO 6*
• again - ad. another time; as before m_)FC-/pSl
• against - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something yI"6Da6|y
• age - n. how old a person or thing is -&-Ma,M?
• agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the United Nations") ]VD|xm:kj
• aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's borders pNKhc#
-w
• ago - ad. of time past; before now ,d {"m)r<
• agree - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something ;u>DNG|.
• agriculture - n. farming "t~
• aid - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance tV{ 4"Ij9[
• aim - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose CW,Wx: Y
• air - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that we breathe '7i Sp=
• air force - n. a military organization using airplanes <psZQdH
• airplane - n. a vehicle with wings that flies U15H@h
• airport - n. a place where airplanes take off and land bp~g;h*E2
• album - n. a collection of recorded music n\^Tq<] a
• alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in industrial products 3
GUZ;jdn
• alive - ad. having life; not dead "$2 y-|
• all - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount r(RKwr:m
• ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose ;{ U@qQD7
• almost - ad. a little less than completely 5nKj
)RH7M
• alone - ad. separated from others "-vW
,7y
• along - ad. near or on ("along the road") x3o ]U)^
• already - ad. before now; even now }<9cL'
• also - ad. added to; too |bO"_ U
• although - conj. even if it is true that 6jC`8l:
• always - ad. at all times; every time C<m{*C-`a
• ambassador - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another government) G JoS #s
• amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law) c'S,hCe*
• ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns lXjXqk\
• among - ad. in or part of (a group) LC'{p
• amount - n. the number, size or weight of anything k[:bQ)H
• anarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessness ^HqY9QT2
• ancestor - n. a family member from the past 3v5%y '
• ancient - ad. very old; long ago aD=A^kt x
• and - conj. also; in addition to; with Zf65 `K3
• anger - n. a strong emotion against someone or something o1h={ao
• animal - n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat TwVlg ;
• anniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the past ?MgUY)X
• announce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially >76\nGO
• another - ad. one more; a different one g!+| I
• answer - n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after being asked a question #p y[
• any - ad. one or more of no special kind ^`)) C;
• apologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts responsibility
uFPF!Ern
• appeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call on somebody for help T ^~5n6
• appear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem ~
==>pj
• appoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge") n=c
2K
c
• approve - v. to agree with; to agree to support O]1y0BOQ
• archeology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities /iJ4{p
• area - n. any place or part of it V9d F1H j
• argue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree fM^qQM[lG
• arms - n. military equipment; weapons [ji#U s:h
• army - n. military ground forces Dm-zMCf}Q
• around - ad. on every side (of) .QN>z-YA6:
• arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner obNqsyc77R
• arrive - v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip G
%Q ^o5m
• art - n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, writing or statues qCqFy#Ms\
• artillery - n. big guns -2 A(5B9Fq
• as - conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while - Ty*aov
• ash - n. the part left after something burns
?l^1 * Q,
• ask - v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher questions every day.") /|eA9 ]
• assist - v. to help o\3L}Y
• astronaut - n. a person who travels in space s#t Zg
• astronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe kAC&S!n
• asylum - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another country @>)r}
b
• at - prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon") "t_-f7fS7
• atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet GP:77)b5
• attach - v. to tie together; to connect OC<5E121>Y
• attack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight e^[H[d.WMC
• attempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort ~ y;6W0x
• attend - v. to be present at FcYFovS
• automobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car thvYL.U :
• autumn - n. the time of the year between summer and winter 5_z33, q2
• average - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal LM-J !44
• avoid - v. to stay away from
GrAujc
5|
• awake - ad. not sleeping n_(/JE >
• award - n. an honor or prize for an act or service ##V5-ZG{:
• away - ad. not near YA
+E\
B eZdu
2.;<
• baby - n. a newly born creature t7 ?Zxq
• back - n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward !H irhD N
• bad - ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good 0 Emr<n
• balance - v. to make two sides or forces equal /U"CO 8Da
• ball - n. something round >ey\jDr#O
• balloon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas lighter than air WeQk<y
• ballot - n. a piece of paper used for voting 7~G B;1 n
• ban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction JNa " 8
• bank - n. an organization that keeps and lends money fbL\?S,w
• bar - v. to prevent or block .Jrqm
• barrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult ( ''M{n
• base - n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was based on experiments.") Mc%Nf$XQ
• battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forces R&Jm
+3N
• be - v. to live; to happen; to exist l-s!A(l
• beat - v. to hit again and again bVL9vNK
• beauty - ad. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit 'C
~ y5j
• because - prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.") `> ?ra-
• become - v. to come to be ALNc
'MW!
• bed - n. a sleeping place %T)oCjM[\
• before - prep. earlier u\LFlX0sO
• begin - v. to do the first part of an action; to start M\Z6$<H?U
• behind - ad. at the back of; in back of jGEt+\"/QJ
• believe - v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust P~G 1EK|4
• bell - n. an instrument that makes a musical sound ("a church bell") spGB)k ,^
• belong - v. to be owned by; to be a member of rSHpS`\ou
• below - ad. lower than |kvC
H<F'
• best - ad. the most good t7m>A-I
• betray - v. to turn against; to be false to DWID$w
• better - ad. more good than &%s8L\?
• between - ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks between two nations") 8 XICF
• big - ad. of great size; not small 1 29q`u;
• bill - n. a legislative proposal P#_sg0oJF
• biology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms C": o/;,1
• bird - n. a creature that flies ` bdZ/*E
• bite - v. to cut with the teeth ;[W"m lM
• black - ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky g q}I[N
• blame - v. to accuse; to hold responsible 8:# rA*Y
• blanket - n. a cloth cover used to keep warm t
\
7~S&z
• bleed - v. to lose blood ]6{*^4 kX
• blind - ad. not able to see xw3YK!$sIF
• block - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement UY <e&Npo
• blood - n. red fluid in the body ;+tpvnV;]
• blow - v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.") L}FO jrN
• blue - ad. having the color like that of a clear sky ~",`,ZXQy
• boat - n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods e+j)~RBnu3
• body - n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal u&9 r2R959
• boil - v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot ]_8qn '7
• bomb - n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy with bombs gCN$
}
• bone - n. the hard material in the body \
MmI`$
• book - n. a long written work for reading VB?O hk]<
• border - n. a dividing line between nations .-IkL |M
• born - v. to come to life; to come into existence TD9;k N1`
• borrow - v. to take as a loan 5 gv/Pq &
• both - ad. not just one of two, but the two together )6w}<W*1E
• bottle - n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid T`9
u!#mT=
• bottom - ad. the lowest part of something 6sE{{,OGB
• box - n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or wood p<&Xd}]"^W
• boy - n. a young male person A)~X ,
• boycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with 0z[dl Hi
• brain - n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all creatures ?0
m\(#
• brave - ad. having no fear r 3M1e+'fc
• bread - n. a food made from grain n cX/L[L
• break - v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy "
beQZG
• breathe - v. to take air into the body and let it out again c(/VYMJZ&
• bridge - n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and vehicles can cross from one side to the other T /mI[*1xI
• brief - ad. short; not long _kdL 'x
• bright - ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color dDD<E?TjD
• bring - v. to come with something V=X:=
• broadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a radio or television program GCttXAto
• brother - n. a male with the same father or mother as another person `g_"GE
• brown - ad. having the color like that of coffee 2T ES>}
• budget - n. a spending plan Rm5Kkzd0o
• build - v. to join materials together to make something [<,~3oRu
• building - n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store or place of entertainment .,i(2^
• bullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun jV/CQM5a+
• burn - v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire ?+t1M E|
• burst - v. to break open suddenly O Lc}_
• bury - v. to put into the ground and cover with earth a6h>=uT [
• bus - n. a public vehicle to carry people +'G
0 {;b
• business - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade 3loY qeP
• busy - ad. doing something; very active ;@nFVy>U
• but - conj. however; other than; yet {& [9iIf
• buy - v. to get by paying something, usually money 3^ StIw{X
• by - conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight") ;c -3g]
C u0RS)&
• cabinet - n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government \#rO!z
d
• call - v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request ("They called for an end to the fighting.") >|o_wO
• calm - ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense M|[ZpM+
• camera - n. a device for taking pictures 8CC/ BOe
• camp - n. a place with temporary housing }Z`(aDH
• campaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from voters; a connected series of military actions during a war [,~TaP}m
• can - v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold liquid or food, usually made of metal e. o;eD}"
• cancel - v. to end; to stop UkfB^hA
• cancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the body #Y93 y\
• candidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor ; U`X 6d
• capital - n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's government is xAwf49N~
• capitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of most goods and services is owned and operated for profit by private citizens or companies a45 ss7
• capture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; to get control of 1#
t6`N]?V
• car - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part of a train ?`zgq>R}w[
• care - v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest t/Z:)4Z
• careful - ad. acting safely; with much thought L7mz#CMWf
• carry - v. to take something or someone from one place to another Ze !92 g
• case (court) - n. a legal action J eY' 8B
• case (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at the school.") cUK\x2
• cat - n. a small animal that often lives with humans ze'.Y% ]
• catch - v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands *mBJ? { !
• cause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result \N X Q
• cease-fire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement Z0fJ9 HW
• celebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activities DI&MC9j(
• center - n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is the main point of an activity l[/q%Ca '>
• century - n. one hundred years 0]x;n+G[q
• ceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition j5%qv(w
• chairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group aEx (rLd+
• champion - n. the best; the winner EX ?h0Uy
• chance - n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen Y5-kj,
CB
• change - v. to make different; to become different ^ p_u. P
• charge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in which someone is accused of something zH'2s-.bi
• chase - v. to run or go after someone or something $`vkw(;t)1
• cheat - v. to get by a trick; to steal from B50 [O!
• cheer - v. to shout approval or praise 98*x 'Wp
• chemical - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the science of chemistry C=VIT*=
• chemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they act under different conditions, and how they form other substances u fw cF*
• chief - n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important 2z98 3^
• child - n. a baby; a boy or girl IM ad$AKc
• children - n. more than one child 2q %K)h
• choose - v. to decide between two or more JCQ:+eqt
• circle - n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the center, like an "O" _
K/swT{f
• citizen - n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law 8Z:Ezg3^
• city - n. any important large town M\yHUS6N
• civilian - ad. not military U1Yo7nVf
• civil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of a nation
S! 7g)
• claim - v. to say something as a fact >%c*
Xe
• clash - n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose G+yL;G/
• clean - v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean water") M7VI D6J.
• clear - ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood @\~tHJ?hQd
• clergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organization
,QS'$n
• climate - n. the normal weather conditions of a place 2cjEex:&
• climb - v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the hands b5Q8pWZg,
• clock - n. a device that measures and shows time p ruWO'b`
• close - v. to make something not open; ad. near to !BRcq~-.
• cloth - n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other substances $WN G07]tU
• clothes - n. what people wear |yAK@ Hl'
• cloud - n. a mass of fog high in the sky QUPf *3Oy
• coal - n. a solid black substance used as fuel +=, u jO:
• coalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined together a*Jn#Mx<M
• coast - n. land on the edge of the ocean ]-KV0H
• coffee - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name f N0bIE
Y
• cold - ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature
lzoeST
• collect - v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive ("collect taxes") S*rO0s:
• college - n. a small university +@>:%yX
• colony - n. land controlled by another country or government !a4cjc (
• color - n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, black, yellow and others hBoP=X .~
• combine - v. to mix or bring together " <*nZ~nE)
• come - v. to move toward; to arrive }Eb] 9c\
• command - v. to order; to have power over something *N
'hA5.z
• comment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something {Ve
D@
• committee - n. a group of people given special work fPrb%
• common - ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose") GY7 s
• communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange information k)i"tpw
• community - n. a group of people living together in one place or area s<d!+<
• company - n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes
oc((Yo+B
• compare - v. to examine what is different or similar 55,
=[
• compete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others ,wlbIl~
• complete - ad. having all parts; ended or finished E+I m~=m$
• complex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not simple iz$FcA]
• compromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less than first demanded t5n2eOy~T
• computer - n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and for communicating with others }<.7 xz|V
• concern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be concerned") ^ePs
Il1E
• condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad /_HwifRQ
• condition - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's health 1GUqT 9)
• conference - n. a meeting ;* .(.
• confirm - v. to approve; to say that something is true >"O1`xdG
• conflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one 2k+= kt
• congratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck v8>!Gft
• Congress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar organization in other countries Ogd8!
'\
• connect - v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link e/ WBgiLw
• conservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change 'HJ/2-=
• consider - v. to give thought to; to think about carefully a6k (9ZF
• constitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of government L)1C'8 ).
• contain - v. to hold; to include b#Jo Xa9
• container - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something Uld_X\;Q4
• continent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world v;Swo(
"
• continue - v. to go on doing or being xcw%RUC-
• control - v. to direct; to have power over =?wMESU
• convention - n. a large meeting for a special purpose 6aRGG+H
• cook - v. to heat food before eating it DL
%S(l
• cool - ad. almost cold ~."!l'a
• cooperate - v. to act or work together 1 pa*T!
• copy - v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look exactly like another :m]/u( /N
• corn - n. a food grain W)|c [Q\
• correct - ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right B%TXw#|
• cost - n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.") qbEKp HnB
• cotton - n. a material made from a plant of the same name U?JiVxE^
• count - v. to speak or add numbers mXQl;
• country - n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities R:]/{b4Uq
• court - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law fS5GICx8R
• cover - v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put over a person or thing >_&~!Y.Z=
• cow - n. a farm animal used for its milk tCuN?_ UG
• crash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force d&NC Fx
• create - v. to make; to give life or form to \m(ymp<c`
• creature - n. any living being; any animal or human LKIW*M
• credit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time }A^ 1q5
• crew - n. a group of people working together f -vZ2+HP
• crime - n. an act that violates a law L@>^_p $
• criminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crime 9B qQ^`bu
• crisis - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better or worse; a dangerous situation o9_(D J<{
• criticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to judge G /NT e
• crop - n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits and vegetables NE$VeW+@
• cross - v. to go from one side to another; to go across QpdujtH`
• crowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one place {z.[tvE8h
• crush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely 'q{PtYr
• cry - v. to express or show sorrow or pain di8W2cwz
• culture - n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population \Pw8wayr%
• cure - v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics are a cure for infection.") J!=](s5|
• curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses 'dmp4VT3
• current - n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present time ("She found the report in a current publication.") v9Z lNA7m!
• custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people `V]egdO
• customs - n. taxes on imports r
{pI-$
• cut - v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce ML=hKwCA
80{#bb
D h g%@ W
• dam - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water ?R|fS*e2EB
• damage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things $w|o@ Ml)
• dance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music 0MwG}|RC
• danger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss =?meO0 ]y
• dark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.") }ZE
fT ]
• date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year `U {o:
• daughter - n. a person's female child NWo7wVwc/c
• day - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight J>HLQP
• dead - ad. not living t]
n(5!L(
• deaf - ad. not able to hear qT4I Y$h
• deal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.") K$MJ# Zx^
• debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument +zFV~ ]b
• debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing #,f}lV,&
• decide - v. to choose; to settle; to judge ,om p F$%
• declare - v. to say; to make a statement OYqY I!N/
• decrease - v. to make less in size or amount n:5O9,umZ
• deep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom es.\e.HK
• defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having lost |QAeQWP+1
• defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect ;k yL>mV{
• deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports >wg9YZ~8
• define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain Pe+ 8~0o=R
• degree - n. a measure of temperature ;
McIxvj
• delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late ?)Czl4J
• delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another RE`
J"&
• demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force /%ODJ1 M
• democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions f_re"d 3u
• demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") Se^/VVm
• denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely t6<sNz F&
• deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request .R$+#_
• depend - v. to need help and support 5C Y@R
• deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness *O(/UVuD\
• deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action c:h.J4mv
• depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs O?j98H
Sya
• describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something 5O;a/q8"
• desert - n. a dry area of land lJ2|jFY9
• design - v. to plan or create plans for [}9XHhY1O=
• desire - v. to want very much; to wish for h 0QYoDvbC
• destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of lry& )G=5
• detail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information sl^s9kx;C$
• develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress X5L(_0?F1
• device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose qSpa4W[
• dictator - n. a ruler with complete power 9?g]qy,1)
• die - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end ~ *' 8=D?)
• diet - n. usual daily food and drink ~x0- iBF
• different - ad. not the same ."!8B9 s
• difficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out '&p f
• dig - v. to make a hole in the ground ^O$[Y9~*
• dinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinner took place at the White House.") /SPAJHh
• diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government Cb@S </b
• direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing ("The path is direct.") SVg@xu+
• direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came from or went to YA;8uMqh;
• dirt - n. earth or soil
px
[1# *
• disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist -aH?7HV }
• disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device -X&!dV:= 4
• discover - v. to find or learn something OO !S
w
• discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas !7
ZfT?&
• disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria y1\^
v_.^
• dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider 1)/T.q<D"
• dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate tZNad
• dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government f<> YYeY
• distance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance from my house to your house is two kilometers.") : S+U}Sm[
• dive - v. to jump into water head first G%p!os\>
• divide - v. to separate into two or more parts od5w9E.
• do - v. to act; to make an effort ]!t YrSM !
• doctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people S)'q
:`tZo
• document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something ,[ J '!NC1
• dog - n. a small animal that often lives with humans L 1Cn
• dollar - n. United States money, one hundred cents @'<j!CqQ
o
• door - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room SG|i/K|7
• down - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place { Sliy'
• dream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future [-Dgo1}Qr
• drink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth 3R=3\;
• drive - v. to control a moving vehicle GaK _9Eg-2
• drop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower /"%Ih X-
• drown - v. to die under water w7t"&=pF7
• drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind ETWme MN
• dry - ad. not wet; without rain 2W:?#h3
• during - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening) Fx88 R !
• dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air ^SSO
h#
• duty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right and just +SA<0l
E NK#"qK""k
• each - ad. every one by itself zju,# %
• early - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; opposite late O->(9k
<
• earn - v. to be paid in return for work done ??%T
• earth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil ^Lv ^W
• earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface _M]rH<h
• ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult \PMKmJ X0O
• east - n. the direction from which the sun rises 7F9g:r/^
• easy - ad. not difficult; not hard to do i!}nGJG
g
• eat - v. to take food into the body through the mouth d t0E 0i
• ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things bZ22O"F
• economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized w4MMo
• edge - n. the line where something ends or begins JX@6Sg<
• education - n. the act of teaching GoVPo '
• effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious effect on the economy.") tG ^ ?fc
• effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something Rb}&c) 4
• egg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby HYYx*CJ)
• either - ad. one of two, but not the other eKFc
W5O
• elect - v. to choose by voting "`gZ y)E
• electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines V45Udwp ^
• embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants mF:s- +
• emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action jc~*#\N
• emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness j nA_!;b
• employ - v. to give work in return for wages f5qHBQ
• empty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything 1;~ 1U
9V
• end - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last EC!Cv;'
• enemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the other side in a war (5D
Gs_>
• energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and willingness to be active V?z{UZkR
• enforce - v. to make something be done KY34 'Di
• engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work 'xXqEwi4
• engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads RT A= |q
• enjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something 0uJzff!|
• enough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed D!$ =oK
• enter - v. to come or go into glX2L ~
• environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals k:@L s
• equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights T9<nD"=:
• equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity e^_@^(||!6
• escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of <Jrb"H[ T"
• especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.") TY [d%rMm
• establish - v. to bring into existence; to create n:. "ZBtY*
• estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information 6$<o^Ha*R
• ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived K 0H!Ds9
• evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas q>4i0p8^
• even - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the building was destroyed.") d
q/?&X
• event - n. that which happens, especially something of importance 6 |qvo+%
• ever - ad. at any time I>o;
%}
• every - ad. each one; all Tv)y
}
• evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing "{"2h>o#D}
• evil - ad. not good; extremely bad xKzFrP;/{
• exact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail >683 4e
• examine - v. to study closely Ck
%(G22-
• example - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like mg /kyua^
• excellent - ad. extremely good gO! h<1 !
• except - prep. but for cB=u;$k@*
• exchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another wO)KQ~ yX
• excuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes false) for an action AlaN;
• execute - v. to kill [F{a- i-
• exercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in good health G6VHl:e7z
• exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country ^uEl QI
• exist - v. to be; to live :FpBz~!a
• expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger b/Q"j3
• expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event gdY/RD xn:
• expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away geSo#mV
• experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The experience caused her great pain.") .3&OF M
• experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something (k .7 q~:
• expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training m 48Y1 '4
• explain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning v 8a
• explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb !$# 4D&T
• explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to make a careful search; to examine closely
Lf M(DK
• export - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, usually for sale # |[@Due
• express - v. to say clearly c &(,
• extend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time 4\es@2 q
• extra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary xTm&`X
o
• extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted O#Hz5 A5
• extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way bkI A:2HX
F .e#j#tQp
• face - n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger dsuW4 ^ l
• fact - n. something known or proved to be true H/
{3
i
• factory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made XX6)(
• fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal i mQNfNm
• fair - ad. just; honest; what is right )\G#[Pc7
• fall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position <sOB j'
• false - ad. not true; not correct 7B`0mK3
• family - n. the group that includes children and their parents &>+Z$ZD
• famous - ad. known very well to many people Wf
Z#:G9
• far - ad. at, to or from a great distance I =pd j D
• farm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food M
- TK
• fast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick /VkJ +%}+j
• fat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy ZVU)@[s
• father - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children Mq?21gW
• fear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.") v}
@ 6"\
• federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government i%w'Cs0y
• feed - v. to give food to !<ucw WY,
• feel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching
Y7HWf
• female - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women ccAEN
• fence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out 6m&I_icM
• fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much :;QLoZh^
• few - ad. not many; a small number of St<\qC
• field - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals #D8)r s.9
• fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry %# #
bg<
• fight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; n. the use of force; a battle 59u7q
(
• fill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more cvt2P}ma#
• film - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie 1'U-n{fD
• final - ad. at the end; last `SWK(='
• financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, investments and banks FMiYZ1^r
• find - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.") O. !?O(
• fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. very good; very small or thin r38CPdE;}
• finish - v. to complete; to end TkykI
• fire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning ;x"B ):?\
• firework - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations )` a R?_
• firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.") 3.Qwn.
• first - ad. coming before all others JdnZY.{S0
• fish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water .KV?;{~q@
• fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.") [z?XVl<
• fix - v. to make good or right again ~2H)#`\ac8
• flag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or organization #cA}B
L!3
• flat - ad. smooth; having no high places DE tq]|80m
• flee - v. to run away from EC7o 3LoND
• float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or through air e_e|t>nQ
• flood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land Ty5\zxC|
• floor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.") U i;o/Z3
• flow - v. to move like a liquid _ h
#G-
• flower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds SU1, +7"
• fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid *E>YLkg]
• fly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an airplane or flying vehicle 0&Qn7L
• fog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground /bVI' fT
• follow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey J{91 t |
• food - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth nWh?zf#{
• fool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a person who is tricked easily 5 p750`n
• foot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground when a person or animal walks }=++Lr4*
• for - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by ("She works for a computer company.") SFuzH)+VO
• force - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power of a nation; a military group mu*wX'.'
• foreign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or country -y~JNDS1]
• forest - n. a place of many trees , 30&VW##
• forget - v. to not remember .DT1Jvl
• forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt
o ]
=
&
• form - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind ("Swimming is a form of exercise.") K[sfsWQ.
• former - ad. earlier in time; not now ";Lpf]<
• forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front Eh JYdO[e
• free - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost )y8$-"D(it
• freedom - n. the condition of being free 6$IAm#
• freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold Y40{v(Pi
• fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent
<53~Y
• friend - n. a person one likes and trusts idV4hMF9
• frighten - v. to cause great fear w+Ag!O}.L
• from - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering from cancer.") h:l\kr|9
• front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part ,]>Eg6B,u
• fruit - n. food from trees and plants x3]es"4Q
• fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power zK33.HY
• full - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete m(?M]CH(A
• fun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness 1
Ocy rn
• funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead S&9{kt|BI
• future - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.") 55fV\3F|R
G >0{ { loqq
• gain - v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase z!eY= G'
• game - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually sports gVk_<;s
• gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide heat, light or power 'a*tee ^RS
• gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect OLl NCb#t
• general - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including all or almost all lQldW|S>
• gentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent cs,%Zk.xjw
• get - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner of 59IxY
?
• gift - n. something given without cost 5|"; L&`
• girl - n. a young female person YcT!`B
• give - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment pGh2 4E
• glass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows or for containers to hold liquids h0L *8P`t
• go - v. to move from one place to another; to leave "^yTH /m
• goal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a trip or race 9PIm/10pP^
• god - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers \-gZ_>)
• gold - n. a highly valued yellow metal `
A])4q$
• good - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad j-ZKEA{:1
• goods - n. things owned or made to be sold ng^`s}?o
• govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power 4#!NVI3t
• government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a country, city or area AN ZD7v6a
• grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those plants that produce the seeds aj85vON1`
• granddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or son ]N,n7v+}
• grandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mother g`k_o<'JC
• grandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mother );'8*e'
• grandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or son XOAZ
• grass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves !inonR
• gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white Zqc+PO3lw
• great - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important a`|& rggN
• green - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the color like that of growing leaves and grass <H::{
• grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing uW },I6g
• ground - n. land; the earth's surface; soil +pURF&Pr
• group - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for a common purpose S;[9
hI+
• grow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount ?kMG!stgp}
• guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen -Zh`h8gX
• guard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a prison guard.") ov.7FZ+
• guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police pj4M|'F7
• guide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way o|F RG{TJ
• guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a bad action GSj04-T"
• gun - n. a weapon that shoots bullets
