T U8% IpI;
• take - v. to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move it to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to begin to be in control ("The president takes office tomorrow.") ) 5Cqyp~P
• talk - v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion .I>CL4_
• tall - ad. higher than others; opposite short 5cl^:
Ua
• tank - n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle with guns |@?='E?h
• target - n. any person or object aimed at or fired at v~p?YYOm<
• taste - v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.") rAgp c p}
• tax - n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the government can provide services NVDIuh
• tea - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
v v
• teach - v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to understand mmMiA@0
• team - n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports P)ne^ _
• tear - v. to pull apart, often by force Gr3 q
• tears - n. the fluid that comes out of the eyes while crying G)""^YB-
• technical - ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry, transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this system works.") nYj7r* e[
• technology - n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and services d 5h x%M
• telephone - n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over distances /&!o]fU1 C
• telescope - n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and larger 0+A#k7c6p
• television - n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on a receiver \;
" S>dg
• tell - v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to command )EN ,Ry
• temperature - n. the measurement of heat and cold ,yi@?lc
• temporary - ad. lasting only a short time (c[DQS j
• tense - ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm _G)x\K]N
• term - n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved in it ~"h V-3U
• terrible - ad. very bad; causing terror or fear ork{a.1-_w
• territory - n. a large area of land **ls 4CE<
• terror - n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear I*(7(>zgyv
• terrorist - n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a way to influence a government Rr\fw'
• test - v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.") 73!])!SVI
• than - conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.") [,|4% Y
• thank - v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.") X d&oERJj
• that - ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about ("The building that I saw was very large.") ]oC7{OoX
• the - pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing that is known about or is being spoken about {_4zm&
• theater - n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed `1R[J4e
• them - pro. other people being spoken about "VA bU s
• then - ad. at that time; existing; and so iM]&ryGB #
• theory - n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven ("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of dinosaurs.") C,{ Ekb g
• there - ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place H]Gj$P=k
• these - pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been spoken about already m9Dg %\ B
• they - pro. those ones being spoken about 0#F<JsO|u
• thick - ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow easily; opposite thin dwm>! h
• thin - ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat; not wide; opposite thick qp
]s VY
• thing - n. any object m=]}Tn
• think - v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to believe ;{g>Z|
• third - ad. coming after two others SxM5'KQ
• this - pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been spoken about already m] @o1J
• threaten - v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage )/t= g
• through - prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top to bottom; with the help of; by (m
=F
• throw - v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm rVnolA* %
• tie - v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade ties.") 6^nxw>-
• time - n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a period when an event should or will take place
~ &_BT`a
• tired - ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or rest 5VlF\-
• to - prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose y Xi$w.gr
• today - n. this day P/ dT;YhL
• together - ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation "ODs.m oq
• tomorrow - n. the day after today 4)d#d y::\
• tonight - n. this night 0 oHnam
• too - ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary &$_#{?dPt
• tool - n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work AW`+lE'?
• top - n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something xA"7a
• torture - v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to harm, to punish or to get information from M'ZA(LVp
• total - n. the complete amount |'12Kv]#Xa
• touch - v. to put the hand or fingers on Dad*6;+N
• toward - prep. in the direction of; leading to VW\~O
H
• town - n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large as a city ITEd[
@^d
• trade - v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity of buying, selling or exchanging products or services pkEqd"G
• tradition - n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time %%k`+nK~
• traffic - n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or waterway $5#+;A'Q+
• tragic - ad. extremely sad; terrible z8n] 6FDiE
• train - v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad n/ - d56
• transport - v. to move goods or people from one place to another )I9W a*
I
• transportation - n. the act or business of moving goods or people !l1ycQM
• trap - v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or escape; n. a device used to catch animals POc-`]6 <F
• travel - v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance TZ%u ;tBH:
• treason - n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its enemies F;_L/8Ov1
• treasure - n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value F
m{`?!
• treat - v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure A!j6JY.w
• treatment - n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make better vFGFFA/K}N
• treaty - n. a written agreement between two or more nations WD,iY_'7u^
• tree - n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves ! <xe Ao%8
• trial - n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a charge is true Up kw.`D`
• tribe - n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader H
{3A6fb<
• trick - v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or her do something uyITUvPg[
• trip - n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance VXtW{*{"
• troop - n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group 4RV5:&ALLS
• trouble - n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems DU/WB
• truce - n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved h tn?iLq
• truck - n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods J_^Ml)@iy
• true - ad. correct; not false Dpa PRA)x
• trust - v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm > >C(y?g
• try - v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime P}+-))J
• tube - n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a long, thin container in which they can be kept Pe_iA_
• turn - v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change color, form or shape #{8n< sE
U JtrLTo
• under - prep. below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law, agreement or system ("The river flows under the bridge." "Such action is not permitted under the law.") b{o%`B*
• understand - v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of g&30 @D"
• unite - v. to join together 71?>~PnbH}
• universe - n. all of space, including planets and stars ta-kqt!'
• university - n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and research organizations D d$ SQ
• unless - conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless the rain stops.") v~N8H+! d
• until - conj. up to a time; before l`s_ #3
• up - ad. to, in or at a higher position or value ]_yk,}88d
• urge - v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do something OJUH".o
• urgent - ad. needing an immediate decision or action nZbfc;da
• us - pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us yesterday.") *LbRLwt
• use - v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action h<50jnH!
• usual - ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard {VPF2J FB[
V JR1/\F<}
• valley - n. a long area of land between higher areas of land (0Xgv3wd
• value - n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of money that could be received if something is sold h-Q 3q:
• vegetable - n. a plant grown for food u~,@ Zg87
• vehicle - n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck $~<);dYu0
• version - n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later forms > !thxG/_
• very - ad. extremely ("He was very late.") LB|FVNW/S
• veto - v. to reject or refuse to approve h^h!OQK Q
• vicious - ad. bad; dangerous; showing harm or hate <j 93
• victim - n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; someone who is tricked U[1Ir92:
• victory - n. a success in a fight or competition x(nWyVB
• village - n. a very small town H[ Dr
G6GA
• violate - v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement) ^d! (8vh
• violence - n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage +SGM3tY
• visit - v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or business reasons SbmakNWJ}
• voice - n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking @tvAI2 W
• volcano - n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air Zb)j2Xgl
• vote - v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing Tz H*?bpP
W /`Y HPeXu
• wage - n. money received for work done o 7N3:)
• wait - v. to delay acting; to postpone Dz4
fP;n
• walk - v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other L3^WI(
8m
• wall - n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land ] 8sVXZ
• want - v. to desire; to wish for; to need fHek!Jv.
• war - n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons K~p\ B
• warm - ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat A ^YHtJ
• warn - v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad that may happen PSX-b)wb
• wash - v. to make clean, usually with water &BnK[Q8X
• waste - v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the body P T7L65
• watch - v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for Iy\{)+}aS
• water - n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, rivers and oceans <S'5` -&
• wave - v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean sM)n-Yy#9
• way - n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method m&xyw9a
• we - pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I will go together, and we will return together.") kYw k'\s
• weak - ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite strong VU7x w
• wealth - n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value e;:~@cB,c
• weapon - n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or war (,~gY=E+
• wear - v. to have on the body, as clothes N>?
R,XM
V
• weather - n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, heat or cold @ }:}7R6
• week - n. a period of time equal to seven days Vk
Cv`E
• weigh - v. to measure how heavy someone or something is ]K'iCYY
• welcome - v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something develops 2 fp\s5%J}
• well - ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in the ground where water, gas or oil can be found tmF->~|
• west - n. the direction in which the sun goes down Y_n^6 ;
• wet - ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry f6x}M9xS%
• what - pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about something ("What is this?"); ad. which or which kind ("He wants to know what you would like to drink.") Z)cGe1?q
• wheat - n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain ^ sxcBG
• wheel - n. a round structure that turns around a center vy?Zz<c;
• when - ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj. during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.") FVOR~z
• where - ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house where he lives is in the old part of the city.") T0xU }
• which - pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take the test?") J1kG'cH05
• while - n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you are running.") J%c4-'l
• white - ad. having the color like that of milk or snow sF aboI
• who - pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.") ~ow_&ftlo
• whole - ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into pieces I%]
L
• why - ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason for which ("I do not know why she did it.") ,B ]kX/W
• wide - ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited O(BAw
• wife - n. a woman who is married q1QrtJFPG
• wild - ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled d6ZJh xJ
• will - v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will hold talks tomorrow.") \Ub=Wm\
• willing - ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about the problem.") Qzbelt@Wx
• win - v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, election or battle N< V,5
• wind - n. a strong movement of air 8w & A89
• window - n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with glass ^i}*$ZC72
• winter - n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring O 4 xV "\
• wire - n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry electricity or electronic communications from one place to another / 0Z_$Q&e
• wise - ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and understanding to make good or correct decisions 6@_Vg ~=S
• wish - v. to want; to express a desire for Y Gb&mD
• with - prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a tool."); having ("the house with the red door") C"w>U
• withdraw - v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove vr#_pu)f4
• without - prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing 4# H~g
@
• woman - n. an adult female human noz&4"S.{
• wonder - v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a feeling of surprise oW]~\vp^0
• wonderful - ad. causing wonder; especially good HS!O;7s'
• wood - n. the solid material of which trees are made J}IHQZS
• word - n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language B= K & +
• work - v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the job one does to earn money }$-;P=k
• world - n. the earth; the people who live on the earth `8$gaA*
• worry - v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, can happen '{9
nQ DgT
• worse - ad. more bad than
h"<-^=b
• worth - n. value measured in money <0!/7*;#ZT
• wound - v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is usually cut or broken *,B o $:(n
• wreck - v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly damaged or broken 0. _)X
• wreckage - n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed ~4YU
• write - v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as paper uzA"+cV5
• wrong - ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right e)I-|Q4^%
Y fz
H$`X'M
• year - n. a period of time equal to twelve months l*;Isz:
• yellow - ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun MH;5gC@
`
• yes - ad. used to express agreement or to permit 9/N=7<
$
• yesterday - n. the day before today ~4HS
2\
• yet - ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was shining, yet it was cold.") P[NAO>&t X
• you - pro. the person or persons being spoken to {ir8n731p
• young - ad. in the early years of life; not old X.)ca F^j
Z ~s_n\r&23
• zero - n. the number meaning none or nothing
c=? =u
• zoo - n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study G 2L?j
COMMON PREFIXES 4c
"x&x|
• dis - not (dishonest, disobey) vMBF7Jfx
• pro - for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government) 1_}*
aQ
• re - to do again (reorganize, reunite) $2l<X KT-
• self - used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort or power (self-declared, self-appointed) aYIAy]*1e
• un - not (unusual, unhappy) p-d2HXo
COMMON EXPRESSIONS 6|q \ M
• carry out - to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.") 4L'dV
• pass a bill - approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.") VFUuG3p)
• take steps - to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt inflation.") !? t#QD o
WORDS USED IN VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH SCIENCE PROGRAMS ^{L/) Xy5
• atom - a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that can join with parts of other elements E yJW i<
• bacteria - living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a microscope; some cause disease #:E}Eby/6I
• cell - a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals :G+8%pUX]
• chromosome - a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes $]eU'!2)
• compound - a substance containing two or more elements q/I':a[1
• dense - close together; thick X%ii z
• electron - a small part of an atom that has an electrical force G[34:J
• element - one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be separated into other substances )2
E7>SQc~
• enzyme - a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances without being changed itself 6I,^4U
• fetus - unborn young tbbZGyg5b
• fission - a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to produce nuclear energy v[S>
• fusion - a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined together to produce nuclear energy :u}FF"j
• gene - parts of cells that control the growth and development of living things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genes contain nucleic acid mJjd2a"vi
• genetic engineering - the science of changing the genes of a living organism p#['CqP8
• gravity - the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth h_O6Z2J1
• image - a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing -)S(eqq1
• laser - an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light v; !f
• magnet - a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this pulling force is called magnetism Z_Tu*
F
• molecule - the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist !'E{D`A9
• nerve - a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and from the brain ^pAgo B
• nucleus - the center part of an atom or cell y _M te
• nucleic acid - a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) ?f9@
• nutrient - a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow 9rO,h|L
• organ - a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or brain )vO?d~x|
• organism - a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a microscope okl*pA)
• particle - a very small piece of matter x RV@ _
• protein - substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged tissue !1g2'
• robot - a machine that moves and performs tasks .i^aYbB$X
• tissue - living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and do the same thing y81B3` @
• virus - a kind of organism that causes disease uif1)y`Q$C
• x-ray - a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often used in medicine g O
{XD.s
ORGANS OF THE BODY HY
(|31
• heart - pumps blood through the body c:%ll&Xtn
• intestines - tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body 8OYw72&
• kidney - cleans liquid wastes from the body j HP6d
=
• liver - makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood ^ Tr )gik
• lung - takes in and expels air from the body =Z
g%& J
• prostate - a part of the male reproductive system @vy {Q7aM
• stomach - breaks down food for the body to use y'5
y
• uterus - a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops @'
V=Vr
Parts of Speech x)+ 3SdH
Prefixes 4 w$f-
Expressions -F l;;jeX
Science Words Rds_Cd C
Organs of the Body ncF|wz
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
