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30楼  发表于: 2007-08-17   
我传上去了一个资料,词汇1,压缩包,分享
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31楼  发表于: 2007-08-30   
我前几天传了考题,没显示呢
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32楼  发表于: 2008-09-19   
hao
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sasad
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34楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
我从哪里回答问题啊
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35楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
上传了一套试题和一套词汇
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36楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
分子生物学笔记完全版.pdf 279KB 希望有用,850000上传 >>编辑 -6a4H?L  
http://freekaobo.ys168.com/?jdfwkey=en7ot1免费考博专业资料 freekaobo
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37楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
哈工大市政工程专业考试大纲
博士生入学专业基础课考试大纲 GyI(1O AW  
    高等水力学   [288] 7L~LpB  
4a3Xz,[(a  
一、考试要求 /*3[9,  
考试为笔试、闭卷形式。强调对基本概念、基本公式、基本计算方法的掌握和运用能力。避免单纯的死记硬背,更多地强调理解及想象能力。 ~XAtt\WS  
HDqPqrWm  
二、内容范围 i'&KoR ?  
1.流体运动微分形式的基本方程 z d 9Gi5&  
(1)描述流体运动的方法 (2J_Y*N~>  
(2)流体微团运动的分析 ;%"YA  
(3)连续性微分方程 Wy^43g38'p  
(4)理想流体的运动微分方程及其积分 8B ZTHlUB  
(5)粘性流体的运动微分方程 N< c98  
(6)不可压缩流体基本微分方程组 oFt]q =EU  
(7)有关物理量在正交曲线坐标系中的表示式 5Pmmt&#/Z  
2.流体运动积分形式的基本方程 v&g(6~b_>  
(1)系统、控制体及输运方程 &_X6m0z  
(2)连续性方程 vqh@)B+)  
(3)能量方程 YrAaL"20  
(4)动量方程 OiPE,sv  
(5)动量矩方程 'VA\dpa{J  
3.有涡流动及有势流动 S"?py=7  
(1)有涡流动的性质 zrfE'C8O  
(2)旋涡的诱导速度 5G.A\`u%  
(3)旋涡层 卡门涡阶 "0Xa?z8"  
(4)有旋流动 c +Pg[1-  
(5)理想不可压缩流体恒定平面势流的基本方程 7{=<_  
(6)几个基本势流 ydp?%RB3w  
(7)势流叠加原理及其应用 9/Q_Jv-Q  
(8)空化和空蚀 yjCY2T E  
4.流动型态与边界层 S-^y;#=  
(1)层流运动 ;)ff Gg>  
(2)紊流运动的基本概念 dRg1I=|{_  
(3)紊流的基本方程 j^A0[:2  
(4)紊流的半经验理论 S-[]z*  
(5)紊流扩散 cy=,Dr9O  
(6)边界层理论基础 =IBdnEz:M  
(7)壁面边界层 /7Z0|Zw]  
(8)边界层的分离现象 ;6aTt2BQ  
5.流动阻力与水头损失 75vd ]45as  
(1)流动阻力 K~$o2a e  
(2)沿程水头损失 vPuPSE%M  
(3)局部水头损失 = ! D<1<  
6.明槽中的恒定均匀流与非均匀渐变流 "Yw-1h`fR  
  (1)明槽均匀流 =!3G,qV  
  (2)缓流,急流,临界流 =]x FHw8A  
  (3)明槽恒定非均匀渐变流基本方程 0 6 1@N=p8  
  (4)明槽非均匀渐变流水面曲线的分析 btb-MSkO  
  (5)明槽水面线的计算 yBO88rfh>  
  (6)明槽水流的掺气 (1\!6  
7.明槽中的非恒定流动 #tG /{R  
  (1)明槽非恒定流的特性  $oK,&_  
  (2)明槽非恒定渐变流动的基本方程 +GMM&6<  
  (3)特征线法 "^~f.N  
  (4)直接插分法 M`HXUA4  
  (5)瞬态法 ew B&PR  
  H@2JL.(k  
三、试卷结构 4A0R07"  
填空、简答或论述题占30%,计算题及推导证明题为70%。 7dI+aJ  
VR5$[-E3  
四、参考书目 5{qFKo"g@,  
1.董曾南 主编 水力学(第二版)上册 高等教育出版社,1995 msg&~" Z  
余常昭 主编 水力学(第二版)下册 高等教育出版社,1995
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38楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
考博词汇
一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of ],R rk]1  
无数innumerable ; countless 6N\~0d>5m  
许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample 3toY#!1Ch  
非常多(大)的tremendous GEfX,9LF&  
依序列举list in sequence :6PWU$z$7  
过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic w(n&(5FzB<  
短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived CF>k_\/Bj  
不合时宜的anachronism "QACQ-  
可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time h J#U;GL  
一再time after time ; again and again %yJL-6U  
初始的preliminary r|cl6s!P  
前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former @^} % o-:  
自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages "Q'#V!  
年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult F%bv vw*(  
老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated 01 6l$K4  
偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times V=k!&xN~  
时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly :1eI"])(  
永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life akgXI^K  
重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities Y }'C'PR  
目前so far ; by far -w=rNlj  
一次就可完成的事one-time event  S20x  
正/反意见(opinion) V\ %;S  
骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove &1893#V  
支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold <%<}];bmFL  
谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of m7z/@b[  
错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect zA9N<0[]o  
错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior [wRk )kl`  
做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite 5|x&Z/hL  
归咎blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame 6Bmv1n[X^h  
瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts 468LVe?0  
支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of mLPQ5`_  
不会犯错的infallible )NRY9\H  
意见不和clashes of opinion %MU<S9k  
一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement oiJa1X  
不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate MA.1t  
批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of… FT/H~|Z>  
我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. ] $$ciFM  
愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to m@.4Wrv  
有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive 3ypB~bNw  
有意义的meaningful; fulfilling x^8xz5:O  
他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this… rl'YyO}2  
在大家同意下by common consent of… ;H_yNrwA  
否定deny; withhold; negate KArf:d  
承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede g~h`wv'  
于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use @]6)j&  
使…受益benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to…  3Fo,F  
想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking ?'P8H^K6u  
想出come up with I"#jSazk  
找出come up with; find out -0YS$v%au>  
利用use; take advantage of z(g4D!  
夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of 3T# zxu  
照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over  ?Vbe  
对…很了解have a deep knowledge of… D *Siy;  
对抗权威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority o ]2=5;)  
对…有信心have confidence in D2E~ c? V  
说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter ,aV89"}  
接受…之美意embrace the offer of… D}HW7Hnu^  
累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble ~d/Doi  
联系get in touch with; contact with $ n`<,;^l  
排除这可能性rule out the possibility w?Nvm?_]  
等于is equivalent to; equal 4fr/ C5M  
选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out {O5;V/00}  
发出deliver; give out; hand over 64#~p)  
绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way 0 !E* >  
禁止进入is kept out; is barred from ]d9;YVAU  
小看make little of pJ6bX4QnDX  
坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working sw'20I  
分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell…from !R//"{k0?  
依靠count on; depend on 3VCyq7 B^  
忽视neglect; give too little care to (5_l7hWY  
存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being )Y\},O  
考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account l4O}>#  
考虑到in consideration of pHsp]a  
用尽力气exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength wDem }uO  
开动initiate; set going O#H`/z  
准备…brace for; prepare for Cl\Vk  
在于lie in; rest on; rest with U2ecvq[T  
主动take the initiative @=K> uyB  
不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out G( nT.\  
应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of )KaQ\WJ:   
避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent /!eC;qp;[  
幻想fantasy; play of the mind AQbbIngo  
以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard .J%}ROm  
乍看之下at first glance '@AK0No\W  
面对in the face of; in the presence of 2OAh7'8<  
以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of $$A{|4,aI  
不惜代价at all costs 6.EfM^[  
每况愈下from bad to worse Vhz?9i6|g^  
承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes `;hsOfo  
取得同意…get the go-ahead to bNevHKS  
不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook $*xnq%A  
想法与作法beliefs and practices KVtnz  
内情ins and outs; turns and twists , y{o!w  
关键时刻the critical moment !b rN)b)f  
虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though n6O1\}YB  
根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with fk*JoR.o  
逃避问题evade the question H3QAIsGS  
增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize ? 4qN>uW=  
澄清clarify; make clear viD+~j18  
赔偿compensate for; give…as compensation for 6\\B{%3R2  
实现carry out; implement; realize; make…come true #bsRL8@  
假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize RNRMw;cT  
极端的radical; extreme 6xk"bI p  
极端的措施drastic measures 3hO` GM  
剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left @r+ErFI  
换言之in other words; put another way gLl?e8[F  
结果result; aftermath; consequence NvJu)gI%  
优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit : 60PO  
简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell ]8+%57:E  
举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case =ub&@~E  
特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular O4 \GL  
既然…now that…; seeing that… P%' bSx1  
迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion YwoytoXK  
缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness `q7I;w+g  
除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of 7Ar4:iNvX  
缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of %CF(SK2w  
毕竟after all; all in all CyzvQfpZr  
范围scope; field; realm ppb]RN|)  
潜力potential; S.t+HwVodO  
行为conduct; behavior; doings 9m!4U2N,s  
隔绝isolate; insulate lCWk)m8  
分辨出identify; recognize ^5=}Y>EJO  
不易懂的elusive; hard to understand q$:T<mFK$  
展开unfold Ln[R}qD  
回馈feedback ;]Y.2 J  
主导的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person vq(@B  
观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint H&mw!=FV0  
正在进行中is underway J%j#gyTU  
只是一种姿态is merely a gesture jBI VZ!X  
立场position; stand; stance O:xRUjpL  
意向inclination; leaning; intention {(ey!O  
特权privilege; a special right /Lu wPM  
来自stem from; come from Iimz  
一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact 3|9) A+,#  
交织intertwine; interweave 9p2"5x  
好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity !?O:%QG  
尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of 8* >6+"w  
顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn i @+Cr7K,  
暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim Ug3PZ7lK  
巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous 2x$\vL0  
探索explore; fathom <wj2:Z0  
执行carry out; execute; do /~J#c=  
现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age aJI>qk h?]  
偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection @_1$ <8  
混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult I4qzdD  
无弹性(僵硬)rigid N<"_5  
无缺点的flawless; airtight (;~[}"  
无药可救incurable EJdq"6S  
无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable fm&l 0  
细密的计划elaborate plan HmbTV(lC  
取消cancel; annul; abolish d/P$qMD  
解药a cure for…; a remedy for; s:I^AL5  
谜puzzle; riddle; enigma !QcgTW)T  
机会平等equality of opportunity 3 w!oJB  
较有影响力的国家a predominant country )z7. S"U  
遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with ]y.,J  
热情的passionate; ardent; zealous k(%RX _]C  
模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure e!eWwC9u  
影响长远的far-reaching mUcHsCszH  
失望despair; loss of hope; without hope 8Q#&=]W$  
幼稚childish; childlike; naive 6Oo'&3 @  
挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious Axj<e!{D  
破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devasate zs[t<`2  
技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous Vk0O^o  
警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of FCqs'   
忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand .(1=iL_3e  
证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony ?em)om  
很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance dn%/SJC  
令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding (:-DuUt  
生动的报导vivid description .Ddl.9p5  
争取compete for; try hard to win _@?]!J[  
遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance K{q(/>:  
保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter EMs$~CL4  
了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on A4(^I u  
汇露reveal; make known; disclose JhB{aW>  
放大amplify; magnify; enlarge 2<u vz<B  
动力impetus; driving force; momentum _|*3uGo:  
自满的complacent 8)R )h/E>  
第一流的first-rate; excellent u7a4taM$d  
全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary H Qf[T@  
强调emphasize; stress; highlight 7(gQ6?KsZ  
短视的决定short-sighted decision "8{u_+_B*  
真正的genuine; authentic; real Vfc 9 +T+  
怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd 1*>a  
明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious 2"V?+Hhz  
得到…的注意capture one’s attention puMpUY  
事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering (sr_& 7A  
背景setting; background  $7|0{Dw  
假的fake; false; counterfeit mjy%xzVr6^  
夸大报导dramatize M%9PVePOe  
退步setback [@>Kd`!'  
古人the ancients m$[ \(Z(/  
古老的old; ancient; archaeic =;@5Ue J  
逃犯infringe (on); violate {u9VHAXCf  
使害怕intimidate; frighten xx9qi^  
带来生气enliven yt_?4Hc"  
对手rival c*1B*_08  
吸引人的intriguing GHYgSS  
旁观者onlooker -V4@BKI8  
准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely v?d~H`L  
突然醒悟it dawned on me that <R]?8L0{h  
仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought =b9?r  
对比及其相关用词 w_\niqm<y  
可互换的interchangeable ApS/,cV  
可与…相比is comparable with (to) | L fH,6  
普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent z @<`]  
是一个对比is a sharp contrast to atW;S99#  
比作is likened to; is compared to YSv\T '3  
多样化的heterogeneous O]lWaiR`  
单一性的homogeneous *qKwu?]?>  
一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large Mx$VAV^\  
满于现状be happy with what you are - n11L  
预测未来project into the future a.c2ScXG  
另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is… gD&%$&q  
不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of… o a;[[2c  
评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors 7nIg3s%  
那并非说… that does not mean that… i"|'p/9@q  
那有这回事 there is no such thing as M,cI0i  
一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is… eFZ`0V0  
由…造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from VbA#D4;  
由…组成 is made up of…; is comprised of; consist Rn-L:o@?  
必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions: CBi V':;  
限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check G ytI_an8  
一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that… \ m 2[  
这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls: %&e5i  
说服convince; persuade; cause to believe 0jj }j w  
具体的specific; concrete; tangible ng<|lsZd  
刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended q(a6@6f"kD  
费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with… 9$#2+G!J  
…是此问题的核心 …is at the root of the issue bumS>:  
无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable d{9jd{ _#G  
无资格的disqualified
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39楼  发表于: 2008-09-23   
好。
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