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30楼  发表于: 2007-08-17   
我传上去了一个资料,词汇1,压缩包,分享
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31楼  发表于: 2007-08-30   
我前几天传了考题,没显示呢
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32楼  发表于: 2008-09-19   
hao
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sasad
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34楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
我从哪里回答问题啊
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35楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
上传了一套试题和一套词汇
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36楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
分子生物学笔记完全版.pdf 279KB 希望有用,850000上传 >>编辑 |.A>0-']M  
http://freekaobo.ys168.com/?jdfwkey=en7ot1免费考博专业资料 freekaobo
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37楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
哈工大市政工程专业考试大纲
博士生入学专业基础课考试大纲 KB5{l%>  
    高等水力学   [288] O 2U/zF:X  
'SmdU1]4BD  
一、考试要求 "{k3~epYaN  
考试为笔试、闭卷形式。强调对基本概念、基本公式、基本计算方法的掌握和运用能力。避免单纯的死记硬背,更多地强调理解及想象能力。 |j,Mof  
G\Me%{b#  
二、内容范围 ;%1^k/b6t  
1.流体运动微分形式的基本方程 7XNfH@  
(1)描述流体运动的方法 \&H%k   
(2)流体微团运动的分析 ?,j:Y0l.L  
(3)连续性微分方程 AOe~VW  
(4)理想流体的运动微分方程及其积分 gJ])A7O  
(5)粘性流体的运动微分方程 (GQy"IuFh  
(6)不可压缩流体基本微分方程组 ,"'agg:St  
(7)有关物理量在正交曲线坐标系中的表示式 YblRwic  
2.流体运动积分形式的基本方程 J.<m@\U  
(1)系统、控制体及输运方程 MWl@smRh  
(2)连续性方程 J0#% *B  
(3)能量方程 >b?,zWiw  
(4)动量方程 )oj`K,#  
(5)动量矩方程 i`Tne3)  
3.有涡流动及有势流动 qb_V ,b9  
(1)有涡流动的性质 UW+I 8\^  
(2)旋涡的诱导速度 $\bH 5|Hk]  
(3)旋涡层 卡门涡阶 BjH(E'K[b  
(4)有旋流动 *f(}@U  
(5)理想不可压缩流体恒定平面势流的基本方程 Cpj_mMtu  
(6)几个基本势流 ~_raI7,  
(7)势流叠加原理及其应用 yaf2+zV*  
(8)空化和空蚀 gFKQm(0g2  
4.流动型态与边界层 j.z# fU  
(1)层流运动 0`x<sjG\q  
(2)紊流运动的基本概念 9J?j2!D  
(3)紊流的基本方程 t`LH\]6@  
(4)紊流的半经验理论 65 AOFH  
(5)紊流扩散 #NqA5QR  
(6)边界层理论基础 PXkPC%j  
(7)壁面边界层 `mMD e  
(8)边界层的分离现象 $]Q_x?  
5.流动阻力与水头损失 +@! 9&5S A  
(1)流动阻力 !{4p+peqJV  
(2)沿程水头损失 t*DM^. @  
(3)局部水头损失 ht1 jrCe  
6.明槽中的恒定均匀流与非均匀渐变流 7.5G4  
  (1)明槽均匀流 mU3UQ j  
  (2)缓流,急流,临界流 %(NRH?  
  (3)明槽恒定非均匀渐变流基本方程 vOqYt42  
  (4)明槽非均匀渐变流水面曲线的分析 DF|qN X  
  (5)明槽水面线的计算 P$!Ht  
  (6)明槽水流的掺气 bDr'W   
7.明槽中的非恒定流动 ]-R8W/fDn  
  (1)明槽非恒定流的特性 t'z] <7  
  (2)明槽非恒定渐变流动的基本方程 >LW9$[H  
  (3)特征线法 ] 03!K E  
  (4)直接插分法 {L8SD U{P  
  (5)瞬态法 !Zs;m`j&9  
  ~zuMX ;[  
三、试卷结构 %D&FnTa  
填空、简答或论述题占30%,计算题及推导证明题为70%。 '2%hc\P6P  
jL 2f74?1  
四、参考书目 Wve ^2lkoK  
1.董曾南 主编 水力学(第二版)上册 高等教育出版社,1995 )of_"gZ$3A  
余常昭 主编 水力学(第二版)下册 高等教育出版社,1995
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38楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
考博词汇
一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of &qo'ge8p  
无数innumerable ; countless P~?u2,.E[  
许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample 4I, HvP  
非常多(大)的tremendous ;1"K79  
依序列举list in sequence #{N#yReh  
过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic 4}8Xoywi1  
短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived !N!M NsyDz  
不合时宜的anachronism +L_.XToq-  
可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time qHv W{0E  
一再time after time ; again and again EQ7c K63  
初始的preliminary y 5=J6a2.  
前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former M`"2;  
自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages R4{}ZT  
年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult DNL TJrN  
老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated c-gaK\u}j}  
偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times slw^BK3t  
时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly !hJ%{.  
永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life 1tg   
重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities i3f/ {D/  
目前so far ; by far iPE-j#|  
一次就可完成的事one-time event >O~xu^N?  
正/反意见(opinion) 8lbNw_U  
骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove 5*ABw6'6  
支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold ]jM D'vg^b  
谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of F2+lwycY  
错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect .o fYFK  
错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior }<S|_F  
做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite k9Yr&8B  
归咎blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame $z` jR*  
瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts sp AYb<  
支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of 3):7mE(  
不会犯错的infallible (A"oMnjWd  
意见不和clashes of opinion & yw-y4 =  
一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement nEs l  
不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate -BNW\ ]}  
批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of… sd>#Hn  
我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. IgSe%B  
愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to JCE364$$"  
有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive NW^}u~-f  
有意义的meaningful; fulfilling XbG=H-|  
他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this… Qg1LT8  
在大家同意下by common consent of… Br- bUoua  
否定deny; withhold; negate 7%L-;xcr]B  
承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede m|e!1_ :H  
于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use R?^FO:nM%!  
使…受益benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to… *:)#'cenI  
想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking ZH/|L?Q1U  
想出come up with EYMwg_  
找出come up with; find out NOo&5@z;H  
利用use; take advantage of FVL0K(V(  
夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of \:^$ZBQr<n  
照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over H| IsjCc  
对…很了解have a deep knowledge of… @$Z5A g!  
对抗权威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority Fx)]AJ~[t  
对…有信心have confidence in mN *9X[ >x  
说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter -O. MfI+  
接受…之美意embrace the offer of… 9?l( }S`  
累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble q0SvZw]f1  
联系get in touch with; contact with 4Uz6*IQNl  
排除这可能性rule out the possibility r=8]Ub[  
等于is equivalent to; equal E$*I.i_m  
选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out m[]p IXc(  
发出deliver; give out; hand over PDM>6U  
绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way ^:LF  
禁止进入is kept out; is barred from :cIE8<\%  
小看make little of Y~gpiL3u  
坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working Qa(u+  
分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell…from .r[J} O"  
依靠count on; depend on i8u9~F   
忽视neglect; give too little care to j^986  
存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being vqv(KsD+::  
考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account yu3EPT!~  
考虑到in consideration of 80l(,0`,  
用尽力气exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength !W n'Ae9  
开动initiate; set going (|h<{ -L  
准备…brace for; prepare for oKzV!~{0M;  
在于lie in; rest on; rest with mpK|I|-   
主动take the initiative &> }MoB  
不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out T|ZT&x$z  
应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of XlDVJx<&J  
避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent Qh?q 0VKU^  
幻想fantasy; play of the mind m S!/>.1[  
以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard E(8O3*=  
乍看之下at first glance tJ2l_M^  
面对in the face of; in the presence of 8t9sdqM/C  
以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of ^ chlAQz(  
不惜代价at all costs izmL8U ?t  
每况愈下from bad to worse LEHlfB#z`@  
承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes ww+XE2,  
取得同意…get the go-ahead to LvhF@%(9J  
不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook :,]%W $f=  
想法与作法beliefs and practices ] M_[*OAb  
内情ins and outs; turns and twists 9FH=Jp  
关键时刻the critical moment pd>EUdbrp&  
虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though @*A(# U8p3  
根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with #^xiv/ sV  
逃避问题evade the question &..'7  
增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize 0y2iS' t  
澄清clarify; make clear Z +I[  
赔偿compensate for; give…as compensation for A-c3B+  
实现carry out; implement; realize; make…come true c>=[|F{{e  
假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize /!jn$4fd:  
极端的radical; extreme ;t[<!  
极端的措施drastic measures Tet,mzVuu  
剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left QP[w{T  
换言之in other words; put another way 3u+~!yz  
结果result; aftermath; consequence ;Q? Qwda  
优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit (fY(-  
简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell   7 &l  
举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case t4F1[P  
特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular o5 . q  
既然…now that…; seeing that… Jw"'ZW#W  
迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion 7 tit>dJ  
缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness )jCAfdnCs  
除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of tx TDuS  
缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of Q 4_j`q  
毕竟after all; all in all  0u)]1  
范围scope; field; realm PlTY^N6Hn  
潜力potential; Q]IpHNt[>  
行为conduct; behavior; doings C!~&c7  
隔绝isolate; insulate }$81FSKh  
分辨出identify; recognize $+:_>n^#/  
不易懂的elusive; hard to understand M2vYOg`t:c  
展开unfold 95?$O~I  
回馈feedback gnx!_H\h<  
主导的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person $6BXoh!  
观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint G#3 O^,m  
正在进行中is underway ^MQ7*g6o  
只是一种姿态is merely a gesture umSbxEZU@  
立场position; stand; stance 'd0]`2tVg4  
意向inclination; leaning; intention &*[T  
特权privilege; a special right 1Cp5a2{  
来自stem from; come from F.^1|+96  
一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact V 7%rKK  
交织intertwine; interweave v#nYH?+~mJ  
好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity (A/ V(.!  
尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of LF{d'jJ&K  
顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn 9m%[ y1v0  
暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim %0$$tS +  
巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous zF3fpEKe  
探索explore; fathom UR:cBr  
执行carry out; execute; do s?7g3H5#0k  
现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age -:AknQq  
偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection ^)D[ W(*  
混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult ixE72bX  
无弹性(僵硬)rigid 8u!! a^F  
无缺点的flawless; airtight 1^b- J0  
无药可救incurable )&;?|X+p  
无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable .@gv }`>  
细密的计划elaborate plan ~4`LOROC  
取消cancel; annul; abolish 7rbl+:y2  
解药a cure for…; a remedy for; Gt2NUGU  
谜puzzle; riddle; enigma :,]V 03  
机会平等equality of opportunity DnMfHG[<  
较有影响力的国家a predominant country b'3w.%^  
遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with a=.A/;|0*  
热情的passionate; ardent; zealous GxuFO5wz  
模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure wm=!tx\`k  
影响长远的far-reaching N3!x7J7A  
失望despair; loss of hope; without hope ))K3pKyb  
幼稚childish; childlike; naive %D)W~q-g  
挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious Rjqeuyj:  
破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devasate Pe6MDWR  
技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous oe=^CeW"  
警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of kXFgvIpg<  
忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand <7~HG(ks  
证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony K.Nun)<  
很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance Gc^w,n[E  
令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding n ,!PyJ  
生动的报导vivid description :aS8%m  
争取compete for; try hard to win H~Xi;[{7  
遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance Rq-BsMX!A  
保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter 66NJ&ac  
了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on bS=aFl#  
汇露reveal; make known; disclose B[%FZm$`M  
放大amplify; magnify; enlarge %SaC[9=?  
动力impetus; driving force; momentum A.8{LY;  
自满的complacent ..` J-k  
第一流的first-rate; excellent [xe(FFl+  
全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary !ba /] A/  
强调emphasize; stress; highlight i0; p?4`m  
短视的决定short-sighted decision l*V]54|ON3  
真正的genuine; authentic; real r%\(5H f  
怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd :y^0]In  
明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious G;#-CT  
得到…的注意capture one’s attention iPgewjx  
事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering `"`/_al^  
背景setting; background \ <b-I  
假的fake; false; counterfeit I-<U u 2  
夸大报导dramatize :$4 atm  
退步setback GvQKFgO6h  
古人the ancients E_k<EQ%r  
古老的old; ancient; archaeic pm`BMy<5PU  
逃犯infringe (on); violate H <7r  
使害怕intimidate; frighten 6%?bl{pNn  
带来生气enliven pD;'uEFBQ  
对手rival G>"=Af(t?Y  
吸引人的intriguing  &ig6\&1  
旁观者onlooker QCjC|T9  
准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely kY MKVR  
突然醒悟it dawned on me that lAYyxG#  
仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought %A_h!3f&  
对比及其相关用词 tgeX~.  
可互换的interchangeable -CePtq`  
可与…相比is comparable with (to) J" :R,w`  
普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent C(/{53G(  
是一个对比is a sharp contrast to $6 46"1S  
比作is likened to; is compared to D3,9X#B=  
多样化的heterogeneous }C6RgE.6<  
单一性的homogeneous %2)B.qTp&  
一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large p@`]9tLP(K  
满于现状be happy with what you are B+)HDIPa-  
预测未来project into the future "}/$xOl"  
另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is…   %4  
不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of… J9buf}C[  
评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors _o,Mji|  
那并非说… that does not mean that… OH+kN /Fd  
那有这回事 there is no such thing as QY)hMo=|o8  
一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is… `?M?WaP  
由…造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from :U>[*zE4&  
由…组成 is made up of…; is comprised of; consist /^Ckk  
必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions: 9| ('*  
限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check x~ ;1CB  
一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that… cZVVJUF  
这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls: ON()2@Y4  
说服convince; persuade; cause to believe g+:Go9k!F  
具体的specific; concrete; tangible 3]z%C'  
刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended >5%;NI5 G  
费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with… *PSUB{i(  
…是此问题的核心 …is at the root of the issue R}T8cVxc  
无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable Gt|m;o  
无资格的disqualified
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39楼  发表于: 2008-09-23   
好。
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