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30楼  发表于: 2007-08-17   
我传上去了一个资料,词汇1,压缩包,分享
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31楼  发表于: 2007-08-30   
我前几天传了考题,没显示呢
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32楼  发表于: 2008-09-19   
hao
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sasad
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34楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
我从哪里回答问题啊
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35楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
上传了一套试题和一套词汇
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36楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
分子生物学笔记完全版.pdf 279KB 希望有用,850000上传 >>编辑 9p4=iXfR  
http://freekaobo.ys168.com/?jdfwkey=en7ot1免费考博专业资料 freekaobo
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37楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
哈工大市政工程专业考试大纲
博士生入学专业基础课考试大纲 p(6KJK\  
    高等水力学   [288] <O0.q.  
#HTq \J!  
一、考试要求 x@3" SiC  
考试为笔试、闭卷形式。强调对基本概念、基本公式、基本计算方法的掌握和运用能力。避免单纯的死记硬背,更多地强调理解及想象能力。 z\`tn z7>$  
Hu$y8_Udw  
二、内容范围 yT-qT_.  
1.流体运动微分形式的基本方程 hsHbT^Qm  
(1)描述流体运动的方法 ]j0/.pG  
(2)流体微团运动的分析 l5/gM[0_ 7  
(3)连续性微分方程 *Wf Qi8  
(4)理想流体的运动微分方程及其积分 $wC'qV *  
(5)粘性流体的运动微分方程 d:pGdr& .  
(6)不可压缩流体基本微分方程组 =O3)tm;  
(7)有关物理量在正交曲线坐标系中的表示式 M ML=J~1  
2.流体运动积分形式的基本方程 H128T8?r[  
(1)系统、控制体及输运方程 rK\9#[?x  
(2)连续性方程 '+\t,>nRkl  
(3)能量方程 JwQ/A[b  
(4)动量方程 !/e*v>3u&  
(5)动量矩方程 qw 03]a  
3.有涡流动及有势流动 Sm{> 8e}UE  
(1)有涡流动的性质 &->ngzg  
(2)旋涡的诱导速度 pzZ+!d  
(3)旋涡层 卡门涡阶 O7p=N8V  
(4)有旋流动 gD2P)7:  
(5)理想不可压缩流体恒定平面势流的基本方程 ?:h* =0>  
(6)几个基本势流 CXi[$nF3  
(7)势流叠加原理及其应用 >g m  
(8)空化和空蚀 t3h){jZ  
4.流动型态与边界层 Gt+rVJ=v  
(1)层流运动 5YneoM]Q  
(2)紊流运动的基本概念 u-_1)'  
(3)紊流的基本方程 u HW'F(;  
(4)紊流的半经验理论 l))Q/8H  
(5)紊流扩散 =^Sx Z Bn  
(6)边界层理论基础 Tw7]   
(7)壁面边界层 AVm+ 1  
(8)边界层的分离现象 }=}wLm#&1  
5.流动阻力与水头损失 <uxLG;R  
(1)流动阻力 e,&#,O  
(2)沿程水头损失 [Ky3WppR  
(3)局部水头损失 4v`IAR?&K;  
6.明槽中的恒定均匀流与非均匀渐变流 gq"d$Xh$x7  
  (1)明槽均匀流 >,E^ R`y  
  (2)缓流,急流,临界流 +VNk#Z i  
  (3)明槽恒定非均匀渐变流基本方程 z~ywFk}KGd  
  (4)明槽非均匀渐变流水面曲线的分析 *ziR&Fr!  
  (5)明槽水面线的计算 &w#!   
  (6)明槽水流的掺气 iaCV8`&q%  
7.明槽中的非恒定流动 4l+!Z,b  
  (1)明槽非恒定流的特性 ;AE-=/<  
  (2)明槽非恒定渐变流动的基本方程 jn:_2g[  
  (3)特征线法 ;8eKAh  
  (4)直接插分法 ==&  y9e  
  (5)瞬态法 Rd&DH_<+^  
  >WIc"y.  
三、试卷结构 !t^DN\\#  
填空、简答或论述题占30%,计算题及推导证明题为70%。 qh:Bc$S  
|Ha#2pt{bc  
四、参考书目 b7Jxv7$e  
1.董曾南 主编 水力学(第二版)上册 高等教育出版社,1995 oojl"j4  
余常昭 主编 水力学(第二版)下册 高等教育出版社,1995
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38楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
考博词汇
一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of wQSye*ec  
无数innumerable ; countless =Fe4-B?I  
许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample |zRrGQY m  
非常多(大)的tremendous [VX5r1-F  
依序列举list in sequence ;~1xhpTk  
过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic bRggt6$z  
短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived 5ms]Wbh)  
不合时宜的anachronism F^.]g@g.|  
可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time B W)@.!C  
一再time after time ; again and again y ~-v0/  
初始的preliminary {.U:Ce  
前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former K:13t |  
自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages k^d^Todq.  
年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult O:'qwJ# ~  
老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated J>M9t%f@  
偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times leF!Uog  
时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly du0o4~-  
永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life w3VgGc~  
重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities /)RH-_63  
目前so far ; by far 3zmbx~| =\  
一次就可完成的事one-time event %Cj_z  
正/反意见(opinion) K8&) kfyI  
骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove 1.N2!:&G|  
支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold wQ/.3V[  
谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of ePq(.o  
错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect Q(Yn8t  
错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior @ G!Ir"Q  
做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite YvuE:ia  
归咎blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame [zq2h3r  
瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts pyX:$j2R+%  
支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of qnQ".  
不会犯错的infallible 'C`Ykjf  
意见不和clashes of opinion K } T=j+  
一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement y$di_)&g  
不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate +*`k J)uP  
批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of… SmvMjZ+7Y  
我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. :.=j)ljTx  
愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to ^7i7yM}6(  
有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive Dk$<fMS,7c  
有意义的meaningful; fulfilling r| ]YS6  
他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this… >z /.8!#Q  
在大家同意下by common consent of… =j~:u.hc'  
否定deny; withhold; negate H2Z e\c  
承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede }CZw'fhVWO  
于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use 5}_=q;sZ  
使…受益benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to… G;W2Z,  
想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking 0y/31 hp  
想出come up with 5D<ZtsXE  
找出come up with; find out SYf1dbc..u  
利用use; take advantage of fE)o-q6Z  
夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of hosY`"X  
照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over &Ruq8n<  
对…很了解have a deep knowledge of… qP&:9eL  
对抗权威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority %I!2dXNFRF  
对…有信心have confidence in r_,;[+!  
说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter b5Q>e%i#  
接受…之美意embrace the offer of… h~CLJoK<  
累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble Wi!"V cn  
联系get in touch with; contact with Px*<-t|R-  
排除这可能性rule out the possibility goF87^M  
等于is equivalent to; equal 'DpJ#w\81  
选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out n|rKo<Y0  
发出deliver; give out; hand over UuF(n$B  
绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way FINHO058^Y  
禁止进入is kept out; is barred from Suo$wZ7J  
小看make little of [Y@>,B!V  
坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working ]{\M,txo8  
分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell…from v*dw'i  
依靠count on; depend on 5E~^-wX  
忽视neglect; give too little care to @@{5]Y  
存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being 0x]?rd+q8Q  
考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account f^u-Myk  
考虑到in consideration of K5XW&|tY!  
用尽力气exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength C&*1H`n  
开动initiate; set going ]PoWL;E'  
准备…brace for; prepare for ~gMt U  
在于lie in; rest on; rest with fxr#T'i  
主动take the initiative {Y Y,{H  
不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out Yb/*2iWX  
应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of Rc1k_fZ}  
避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent /"u37f?[^  
幻想fantasy; play of the mind ;`:YZ+2 Z  
以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard zhFm2   
乍看之下at first glance 2@GizT*mA  
面对in the face of; in the presence of MsP6C)dz  
以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of (4A'$O2  
不惜代价at all costs 6:Z8d%Z  
每况愈下from bad to worse G--X)h-  
承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes q=BljSX  
取得同意…get the go-ahead to IY#:v%U  
不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook Q zaD\^OF  
想法与作法beliefs and practices !.$L=>:V  
内情ins and outs; turns and twists rHX^bcYK  
关键时刻the critical moment 0zq'Nf?#3  
虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though `;;l {8  
根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with ;t\h"K<,|  
逃避问题evade the question V\<2oG  
增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize tULGfvp  
澄清clarify; make clear c8JW]A`9b)  
赔偿compensate for; give…as compensation for Q,xL8i M,  
实现carry out; implement; realize; make…come true x2#JD|0  
假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize "}fweCBgo  
极端的radical; extreme J}X{ 8Ds9  
极端的措施drastic measures $?0ch15/  
剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left SE]5cJ'>  
换言之in other words; put another way 3Hom0g,V4  
结果result; aftermath; consequence k*hl"oL"X  
优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit UPfO;Z`hJ  
简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell |0y#} |/  
举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case xZ9:9/Vg  
特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular ? W'p&(;  
既然…now that…; seeing that… XZM3zlg*  
迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion sV  
缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness )O~[4xV~  
除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of G:1'}RC :  
缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of Mn.,?IF`K  
毕竟after all; all in all ssi7)0  
范围scope; field; realm $>XeC}"x68  
潜力potential; `@h|+`h  
行为conduct; behavior; doings 85GIEUvH/  
隔绝isolate; insulate AC) M2;  
分辨出identify; recognize "#j}F u_!  
不易懂的elusive; hard to understand senK (kbc  
展开unfold HgF;[rq3Q  
回馈feedback f&^(f1WO  
主导的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person bV_nYpo  
观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint DmiBM6t3N  
正在进行中is underway 0CrsZtX  
只是一种姿态is merely a gesture $7S"4rou  
立场position; stand; stance 0M_oFx  
意向inclination; leaning; intention V8?}I)#(7  
特权privilege; a special right 'YNaLZ20  
来自stem from; come from yGZsNd {a&  
一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact E $@W~).!  
交织intertwine; interweave $cCC 1=dW  
好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity ETe4I`d{  
尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of *v>ZE6CL  
顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn n +~Dc[  
暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim "s*-dZO  
巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous RLB3 -=9t  
探索explore; fathom ~C.*Vc?|  
执行carry out; execute; do h+f>#O+:  
现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age xt{'Be&Ya+  
偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection ly [LF1t   
混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult ~4S$+*'8  
无弹性(僵硬)rigid C6_(j48&  
无缺点的flawless; airtight 3^ Yc%  
无药可救incurable U2oCSo5:3N  
无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable gV_/t+jI  
细密的计划elaborate plan (C 2 XFg_  
取消cancel; annul; abolish Hd|l6/[xz  
解药a cure for…; a remedy for; pm&TH d  
谜puzzle; riddle; enigma GP|=4T}Bf  
机会平等equality of opportunity Nkdv'e\  
较有影响力的国家a predominant country y}Ky<%A!P  
遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with TOYK'|lwM  
热情的passionate; ardent; zealous bf3! |Um  
模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure mCtS_"W  
影响长远的far-reaching )&DAbB!O  
失望despair; loss of hope; without hope +jN}d=N-  
幼稚childish; childlike; naive !,WGd|oJ  
挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious "q4tvcK.  
破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devasate %B3~t>  
技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous dn6B43w  
警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of 3P>gDQP  
忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand =bC +1 C  
证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony ]-PzN'5\'  
很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance gwZ<$6  
令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding .J#'k+>  
生动的报导vivid description E$d3+``  
争取compete for; try hard to win 0MQ= Rt  
遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance JuRoeq.  
保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter 0r]n 0?x  
了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on Zw]`z*,yRA  
汇露reveal; make known; disclose d{ (,Gy>I  
放大amplify; magnify; enlarge ffCDO\i({  
动力impetus; driving force; momentum oL4W>b )  
自满的complacent BT{;^Hp  
第一流的first-rate; excellent wZrFu(_  
全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary G#iQX`  
强调emphasize; stress; highlight ,RP-)j"Wff  
短视的决定short-sighted decision c,UJ uCZ  
真正的genuine; authentic; real 95;{ms[  
怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd KaIKb=4L|  
明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious "SF0b jG9C  
得到…的注意capture one’s attention AXfU $~  
事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering  >DL  
背景setting; background  CB7dr&>  
假的fake; false; counterfeit rK~-Wzwu  
夸大报导dramatize 0SpB 2>_  
退步setback 8K8u|]i  
古人the ancients ~%hdy @  
古老的old; ancient; archaeic [|\6AIoS  
逃犯infringe (on); violate [%IOB/{N  
使害怕intimidate; frighten +a#&W}K  
带来生气enliven r}U6LE?>  
对手rival M!mL/*G@YE  
吸引人的intriguing j:9M${~  
旁观者onlooker *4O=4F)x  
准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely 5C w( 4.  
突然醒悟it dawned on me that .X g.,kW  
仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought Sn:>|y~  
对比及其相关用词 0AZ9I!&i  
可互换的interchangeable .=y=Fv6X  
可与…相比is comparable with (to) PZ[-a-p40  
普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent b[%@3}E  
是一个对比is a sharp contrast to Po>6I0y  
比作is likened to; is compared to $e^"Inhtqp  
多样化的heterogeneous FlO?E3d  
单一性的homogeneous 7:`XE&Z  
一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large ;H$ Cq' I  
满于现状be happy with what you are cIug~ x>  
预测未来project into the future KdNo'*;U]_  
另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is… VPCI5mS_  
不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of… 3 9 8)\3o  
评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors Z;+,hR((  
那并非说… that does not mean that… 2[ sY?C  
那有这回事 there is no such thing as s/1r{;q  
一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is… YznL+TD  
由…造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from bR`5g  
由…组成 is made up of…; is comprised of; consist &{)<Q(g  
必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions: a[ULSYEi  
限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check z$<=8ox8e  
一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that… L1IF$eC  
这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls: BKFO^  
说服convince; persuade; cause to believe ,Wtw0)4  
具体的specific; concrete; tangible j;$f[@0o  
刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended \Y xG  
费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with… 6O4 *OR<&  
…是此问题的核心 …is at the root of the issue 4DIU7#GG  
无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable t%@iF U;}  
无资格的disqualified
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39楼  发表于: 2008-09-23   
好。
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