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30楼  发表于: 2007-08-17   
我传上去了一个资料,词汇1,压缩包,分享
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31楼  发表于: 2007-08-30   
我前几天传了考题,没显示呢
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32楼  发表于: 2008-09-19   
hao
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sasad
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34楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
我从哪里回答问题啊
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35楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
上传了一套试题和一套词汇
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36楼  发表于: 2008-09-20   
分子生物学笔记完全版.pdf 279KB 希望有用,850000上传 >>编辑 w \0=L=J  
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37楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
哈工大市政工程专业考试大纲
博士生入学专业基础课考试大纲 hpWAQ#%oHm  
    高等水力学   [288] FD_0FMZ9,  
S)g5Tu)  
一、考试要求 * I'O_D  
考试为笔试、闭卷形式。强调对基本概念、基本公式、基本计算方法的掌握和运用能力。避免单纯的死记硬背,更多地强调理解及想象能力。 seAkOIc  
9IMRWtZWT  
二、内容范围 e;rs!I !Yw  
1.流体运动微分形式的基本方程 =\X<UA}  
(1)描述流体运动的方法 1Lj\"+.  
(2)流体微团运动的分析 ?_<ZCH   
(3)连续性微分方程 'kW`62AX  
(4)理想流体的运动微分方程及其积分 u#J5M&#  
(5)粘性流体的运动微分方程  PJk Mn  
(6)不可压缩流体基本微分方程组 >@ H:+0h-  
(7)有关物理量在正交曲线坐标系中的表示式 Wt8;S$!=R  
2.流体运动积分形式的基本方程 dhm ;  
(1)系统、控制体及输运方程 HLk}E*.mC  
(2)连续性方程 kP8Ypw&  
(3)能量方程 hC6$>tl  
(4)动量方程 p' /$)klt  
(5)动量矩方程 d8]6<\g  
3.有涡流动及有势流动 n4Q!lJ  
(1)有涡流动的性质 .6vQWt7@  
(2)旋涡的诱导速度 {Qw,L;R  
(3)旋涡层 卡门涡阶 00b )Bg  
(4)有旋流动 1Ll@ ocE  
(5)理想不可压缩流体恒定平面势流的基本方程 I[[rVts  
(6)几个基本势流 GueqpEd2  
(7)势流叠加原理及其应用 KY|Q#i|pM  
(8)空化和空蚀 d(To)ly.  
4.流动型态与边界层 $fn Fi|-  
(1)层流运动 :_Ng`b/  
(2)紊流运动的基本概念 7qzI]  
(3)紊流的基本方程 /3+7a\|mKr  
(4)紊流的半经验理论 `86 9XE  
(5)紊流扩散 O 6A:0yM4  
(6)边界层理论基础 C'5i>;  
(7)壁面边界层 vhhsOga  
(8)边界层的分离现象 umls=iz  
5.流动阻力与水头损失 ;'vY^I8-L  
(1)流动阻力 sKHUf1   
(2)沿程水头损失 yiI&>J))  
(3)局部水头损失 *;o=hM)Tp  
6.明槽中的恒定均匀流与非均匀渐变流 -4hX -  
  (1)明槽均匀流 V (X)Qu@R  
  (2)缓流,急流,临界流 LClPAbr  
  (3)明槽恒定非均匀渐变流基本方程 Xb;CY9&  
  (4)明槽非均匀渐变流水面曲线的分析 /{qr~7k,oQ  
  (5)明槽水面线的计算 a(BC(^1!  
  (6)明槽水流的掺气 eKLxNw5  
7.明槽中的非恒定流动 U15Hq*8Z  
  (1)明槽非恒定流的特性 UGR5ILf  
  (2)明槽非恒定渐变流动的基本方程 K<|eZhp~  
  (3)特征线法 {d7KJmN  
  (4)直接插分法 nGyY`wt&Rg  
  (5)瞬态法 ] >`Q"g~0  
  9`c :sop  
三、试卷结构 t/q\Ne\\,  
填空、简答或论述题占30%,计算题及推导证明题为70%。 >xH3*0 Lp  
}25 {"R}K  
四、参考书目 {OQ sGyR?  
1.董曾南 主编 水力学(第二版)上册 高等教育出版社,1995 7 H<_ wW  
余常昭 主编 水力学(第二版)下册 高等教育出版社,1995
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38楼  发表于: 2008-09-22   
考博词汇
一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of 0jg-]  
无数innumerable ; countless =zbrXtp,  
许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample 9Uk9TG5  
非常多(大)的tremendous  T>LtN  
依序列举list in sequence `d8$OC  
过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic 3EzI~Zsx  
短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived @Yt[%tOF+  
不合时宜的anachronism [c3hwogf:  
可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time ^TB%| yZ _  
一再time after time ; again and again 9]kWM]B)o  
初始的preliminary t,RR\ S  
前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former 67f#Z&r2k  
自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages /S|Pq!4<  
年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult zJ@f {RWZa  
老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated a0.)zgWr  
偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times `cVG_= 2  
时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly H,zRmK6A%  
永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life Yz{UP)TC  
重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities LeO5BmwHR  
目前so far ; by far T\2cAW5  
一次就可完成的事one-time event Y}F+4   
正/反意见(opinion) JqFFI:Q5a  
骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove -vhgBru  
支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold 5)EnOT"'  
谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of aIJ[K  
错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect bC"#.e  
错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior ;:' A{&0N  
做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite Fet>KacTht  
归咎blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame [?]s((A~B  
瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts "y5c)l(Rg  
支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of =X>?Y,   
不会犯错的infallible @XB/9!  
意见不和clashes of opinion 8<IO X  
一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement e'g-mRh  
不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate n802!d+Tn  
批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of… @u$4{sjgf\  
我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. _H@S(!  
愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to Z wIsEJz  
有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive dp-8,Seu  
有意义的meaningful; fulfilling 6(X(f;MEl  
他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this… e|xRK?aVBu  
在大家同意下by common consent of… 9<,\ +}^{  
否定deny; withhold; negate I?5#Q0,b  
承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede Q>= :$I  
于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use i!sKL%z}  
使…受益benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to… :'a |cjq  
想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking lHr?sMt  
想出come up with X_O(j!h  
找出come up with; find out '}]w=2Lf  
利用use; take advantage of 2 ;U(r: ]  
夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of YDdmT 7Ow  
照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over _q+H>1. &9  
对…很了解have a deep knowledge of… %A:<rO85o  
对抗权威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority #!C/~"Y*`|  
对…有信心have confidence in FL"7u2rh,  
说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter 'I\bz;VT  
接受…之美意embrace the offer of… d5UdRX]*  
累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble Kcl>uAgU  
联系get in touch with; contact with E<D45C{DP  
排除这可能性rule out the possibility T" XZ[q  
等于is equivalent to; equal fg^$F9@  
选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out VuPa '2  
发出deliver; give out; hand over $yLsuqB}  
绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way +A e4LeVzc  
禁止进入is kept out; is barred from k7'B5zVd  
小看make little of Yfs60f  
坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working %N=-i]+Id  
分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell…from q0SYV  
依靠count on; depend on {D 9m// x  
忽视neglect; give too little care to x9p,j  
存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being 'UUIY$V [  
考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account 4D0=3Vy  
考虑到in consideration of .|G([O^H  
用尽力气exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength 4&Y{kNF  
开动initiate; set going ,W'`rCxJ  
准备…brace for; prepare for "6[fqW65  
在于lie in; rest on; rest with 1}%vZE2  
主动take the initiative WA \ P`'lg  
不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out h;u8{t"  
应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of < HlS0J9  
避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent ?suxoP%  
幻想fantasy; play of the mind :* 4b,P  
以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard vR[XbsNM  
乍看之下at first glance 3WHj|ENW  
面对in the face of; in the presence of \fj* .[,  
以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of |08b=aR6ro  
不惜代价at all costs V^sZXdDNL  
每况愈下from bad to worse qb'4x){  
承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes {ss^L  
取得同意…get the go-ahead to ?Imq4I~)  
不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook 7:awUoV8f  
想法与作法beliefs and practices Q"itV&d,  
内情ins and outs; turns and twists qS1byqq78l  
关键时刻the critical moment 2l^hnog|  
虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though G0 *>S`:4  
根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with lKKg n{R  
逃避问题evade the question v/gxQy+l  
增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize PWUS@I  
澄清clarify; make clear }rK9M$2]u  
赔偿compensate for; give…as compensation for _-mSK/Z  
实现carry out; implement; realize; make…come true h]W PWa)M  
假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize Ns ezUk8'  
极端的radical; extreme Lmh4e zrdH  
极端的措施drastic measures G)5R iRcs  
剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left LkvR]^u0  
换言之in other words; put another way X^Dklqqy  
结果result; aftermath; consequence $D&N^ }alW  
优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit qr dA4S  
简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell *DBm"{q%&k  
举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case r2!\Ts5v  
特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular hJ|zX  
既然…now that…; seeing that… Z@sDxYt9  
迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion pb8sx1 .j;  
缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness Vd%%lv{v  
除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of *m$lAWB5D  
缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of I!-"SuBy4J  
毕竟after all; all in all yzI`&? P2  
范围scope; field; realm P6G&3yPt  
潜力potential; SHcFnxEAIH  
行为conduct; behavior; doings cpLlkR O  
隔绝isolate; insulate |!Ryl}Oi  
分辨出identify; recognize E@} NV|90  
不易懂的elusive; hard to understand E^K<b7  
展开unfold ~vPR9\e  
回馈feedback fFe{oR   
主导的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person y&&%%3  
观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint tEam6xNf,  
正在进行中is underway -s6k't  
只是一种姿态is merely a gesture nDU=B.?E{O  
立场position; stand; stance t@vVE{`  
意向inclination; leaning; intention c>b!{e@*  
特权privilege; a special right BN>t"9XpW  
来自stem from; come from fw3P?_4;*  
一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact xQ0.2[*5  
交织intertwine; interweave @,^c?v  
好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity cF V[k'F  
尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of V] 0T P#  
顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn (ebC80M  
暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim q).[" fSV  
巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous MBn ZO  
探索explore; fathom FQh8(^(  
执行carry out; execute; do J\l'nqS"  
现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age E' _6v  
偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection MLT ^7'y  
混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult =kP|TR!o-  
无弹性(僵硬)rigid E=# O|[=  
无缺点的flawless; airtight i9+qU  
无药可救incurable p#aB0H3  
无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable :\F1S:&P  
细密的计划elaborate plan f2iA5 rCV]  
取消cancel; annul; abolish &WKA g:^k)  
解药a cure for…; a remedy for; Q+7+||RW  
谜puzzle; riddle; enigma #ZyY(S1.  
机会平等equality of opportunity 6Z#$(oC  
较有影响力的国家a predominant country hA=}R.gi  
遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with  Am@:<J  
热情的passionate; ardent; zealous Ay@/{RZz  
模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure - !QVM\t  
影响长远的far-reaching L_sDbAT~<  
失望despair; loss of hope; without hope 0dW*].Gi:  
幼稚childish; childlike; naive v\2- %  
挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious ><xJQeW  
破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devasate lOy1vw'  
技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous \7PC2IsT3  
警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of *cP(3n3]R  
忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand kx,3[qe'S  
证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony : G'a"%x  
很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance jG`,k*eUrJ  
令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding Q9Vj8JO"{  
生动的报导vivid description H=*lj.x  
争取compete for; try hard to win 0TaN#  
遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance 4rLc] >  
保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter `96M XP  
了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on 4\E1M[6  
汇露reveal; make known; disclose 1i&|}"  
放大amplify; magnify; enlarge Rn*@)5  
动力impetus; driving force; momentum .@0@Y  
自满的complacent biG :Xn  
第一流的first-rate; excellent twhT6wz"  
全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary $DdC|gMK  
强调emphasize; stress; highlight ~^PNMZk  
短视的决定short-sighted decision ,3 [FD9  
真正的genuine; authentic; real L d{`k  
怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd 0oe2X1.%  
明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious fohZ&f|>  
得到…的注意capture one’s attention hka%!W5  
事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering LrT? ]o  
背景setting; background g 'td(i[  
假的fake; false; counterfeit y;%\ w-.\  
夸大报导dramatize NHcA6y$Cz  
退步setback b2H -D!YO^  
古人the ancients wq|7sk{  
古老的old; ancient; archaeic N85ZbmU~  
逃犯infringe (on); violate  A"1%E.1  
使害怕intimidate; frighten dsOt(yNo  
带来生气enliven ] &SmeTe  
对手rival ]Ot= At  
吸引人的intriguing a)L|kux;l  
旁观者onlooker =sso )/3  
准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely Yr\quinLL  
突然醒悟it dawned on me that E:-~SH}  
仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought w}s5=>QG%  
对比及其相关用词 !K+hXQE1  
可互换的interchangeable ,J=lHj  
可与…相比is comparable with (to) &- !$qUli  
普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent Dbb=d8utE  
是一个对比is a sharp contrast to pWn]$HaoG  
比作is likened to; is compared to i(ZzE  
多样化的heterogeneous qL <@PC.5  
单一性的homogeneous \qTp#sF  
一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large 1Y%lt5,*  
满于现状be happy with what you are ?B@3A)a  
预测未来project into the future ^=a:{["@!  
另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is… A'Z!l20_  
不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of… JpZ_cb`<E'  
评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors . l|29{J  
那并非说… that does not mean that… tc{l?7P  
那有这回事 there is no such thing as |onLJY7)  
一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is… CEBu[TT/9  
由…造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from K:% MhH-  
由…组成 is made up of…; is comprised of; consist !T2{xmHKv$  
必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions: O3)B]!xL  
限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check 6G#[Mc yn  
一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that… ,\i,2<hz.  
这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls: ,7 m33Pv*  
说服convince; persuade; cause to believe W7(5z  
具体的specific; concrete; tangible +t&+f7  
刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended \}%_FnP0ZU  
费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with… X$G:3uoN  
…是此问题的核心 …is at the root of the issue oB>#P-V  
无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable :4x6dYNU  
无资格的disqualified
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39楼  发表于: 2008-09-23   
好。
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