2021年考博英语翻译练习资料集锦

Translate the underlined sentences in the passage into Chinese. Please write the Chinese sentences on the Answer Sheet. iGVb.=)  
　　The price we pay for this salutary change is, no doubt, great. We assemble thousands of operative in the factory, and in the mine, of whom the employer can know little or nothing, and to whom he is little better than a myth. All intercourse between them is at an end. Rigid castes are formed, and, as usual, mutual ignorance breeds mutual distrust. Each case is without sympathy with the other, and ready to credit anything disparaging in regard to it. (76) Under the law of competition, the mployer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies, among which the rates paid to labor figure prominently, and often there is friction between the employer and the employed, between capital and labor, between rich and poor. Human society loses homogeneity. ^)^|;C\`  
　　(77) The price Which society pays for the law of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is also great, but the advantages of this law are greater still than its cost, for it is to this law that we owe our wonderful material development, which brings improved conditions in its train. But, whether the law be benign or not, we must say of it, as we say of the change in the conditions of men to which we have referred \ZWmef  
　　It is here; we cannot evade it; of the effect of any new substitutes for it proposed we can not be sure; (78)and while the law may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department. (79)We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment; the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial to the future progress of the race. Having accepted these, it follows that there must be great scope for the expertise of special ability in the merchant and in the manufacturer who has to conduct affairs upon great scale. (80)That this talent for organization and management is rare among men is proved by the fact that it invariably secures enormous regards for its possessors, no matter where or under what laws or condition. 14!a)Ijl  
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　　76.在竞争法则下，成千上万的雇主不得不实行一些最严厉的措施。在这些节约措施中，付给工人的工资首当其冲。这样，雇主和雇员之间，劳资双方之间以及富人和穷人之间就常有摩擦。 <D
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　　77.社会支付给竞争法的代价，就像它支付给廉价的舒适品和奢侈品一样，代价昂贵;但是竞争法的好处高于它的代价，因为正是这种竞争法，我们才能拥有如此的物质发展，引来生活水平的改善。 6-14Htsk6  
　　78.虽然优势这一法则对个人来说可能是很难的，但是它适应于人类，因为它保证了人类在各个领域都能适者生存。 {<4?o? 1g  
　　79.因此，我们接受并欢迎环境的不平等，商业、工业在少数人手里的集中，以及法则在这些人之中引起的竞争，我们把这看作是必须适应的条件，因为这对人类的未来发展有利。 *Ne2l`!1m  
　　80.无论是在什么地方，身处什么法则或条件下，具有组织管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊荣，这一事实证明了这种能力只有少数人拥有。 /M*\t.[ 46  

Direction: write your translations in the blue book provided. Iki+
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　　Part A U2>dwn  
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　　Translate into good Chinese the underlined sentences only. (15%) 1L=Qg4 H  
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　　We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinctions drawn between them. [1.]But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with the different types of culture known to us, scientific discoveries, and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the end of the century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically changing the roles, responsibilities, and specific characteristics attributed to each sex; and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “beyond dispute.” *5_8\7d  
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　　We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the 1960s. [2.]he role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion, and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and by going to war when necessary. [3.]The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time—honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. H0b6ZA%n  
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　　[4.]The dawn of the third millennium is coinciding with an extraordinary reversal in the power structure. [5.]Not only will the patriarchal system be dead and buried in most of the industrialized West, but we shall see the birth of a new imbalance in the relations between the sexes, this time exclusively to women's advantage. dIfs8%kl  
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　　Part B :n>ccZeMv  
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　　Translate into good English the following sentences. (15%) EfBVu  
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　　1.继续扩大国内需求，是当前应对亚洲金融危机和国际市场变化的正确选择，也是我国经济发展的基本立足点和长期战略方针。 Sd<@X@iU8D  
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　　2.中国各民族相互依存的政治，经济;文化联系，使其在长期的历史发展中有着共同的命运和共同的利益，产生了强固的亲合力，凝聚力。 4lh   
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　　3.当前正在进行以主课程教材改革为核心的教育改革，改革的中心目标是变应试教育为素质教育。 ~Riu*<  
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　　4.中国的事情能不能办好，社会主义和改革开放能不能坚持，经济能不能快一点发展起来，国家能不能长治久安，从一定意义上说，关键在人。 A?;8%00  
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　　5.为了保证人们起码的生活条件，是公民富裕起来，中国唯一正确的选择就是努力发展经济，调整人口增长以适应国家社会和经济的发展。 [#>$k 6F*  
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　　Part A
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　　1.但我们今年来才认识到，确定男女各自的特征并不那么容易，其界限是随着我们所知的各种文化发展，科学上的发现以及意识形态方面的革命而逐渐形成的。 RFn0P)9&  
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　　2.这段时期，男女作用的不同始终存在，有时还按照等级森严的模式把它提高到男女有别，不可调和的程度。为了证明其合理性，人们把这说成是据说自开天辟地以来即依存在的天性，宗教和习俗使然。 pe!dm}!h[  
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　　3.整个世界的秩序均建立在男女有别的基础之上。男女的作用若出现重叠或混淆现象，人们会认为这是对由来已久的生活秩序的一种威胁，是建背天性和离经叛道的行为。 sR>`QIi(a  
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　　4.在第三个千禧年即将来临之际，力量结构正在发生天翻地覆的变化。 |,1bkJt  
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　　5.在大多数西方工业化国家，不仅父权制将被埋葬掉，而且我们还会看到男女之间的关系将产生新的不平衡，而这一次将完全是有利于妇女的。 ^)hAVf~E  
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　　Part B 4#@W;'  
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　　1.In light of [Given] the Asian financial crisis and the changes in the international markets, it is proper/fitting for us to continue boosting/ promoting domestic demand. This constitutes the basic foundation for China's economic development as well as being part of our long—term strategy. TDAWI_83-  
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　　2.Due to/ Because of their interdependent political, economic, and cultural ties, all Chinese nationalities have shared a common destiny and a common interest throughout their long historical development, creating a strong force for affinity and cohesion. {y
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　　3.An education reform centering on curriculum and teaching materials is under way. As our main goal, we will try to reform the educational system so that it focuses on the enhancement of the students' abilities instead of training them merely to pass exams. @q> ktE_  
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　　4.In a sense, people are the key to whether we Chinese perform well domestically, whether socialism, the reform and opening are adhered to, whether the economy will grow quickly and the country enjoy long—term peace and stability. })
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　　5.To guarantee a minimum standard of living and to improve the citizens' welfare, China's only choice is to strive for economic growth and see to it the population growth conforms to the country's social and economic development.

　Part A }O,U2=Hw`]  
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　　Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. IPl@ DH  
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　　As a trainer, what exactly motivates you to get up and go to work each morning? Is it money, recognition, affiliation, or something else? SXRdNPXFO  
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　　Still others have limited self-images of what they can achieve, an image often shaped by a boss or an organization. O^.%C`*  
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　　71.I believe the key to personal effectiveness at work (and to job satisfaction, also) is knowing what motivates us to perform at our best. It's then up to us to seek opportunities to fulfill these motivations. When a job no longer motivates us, it's time to move on. Jobs have lifecycles, so take stock of where you are and decide if that's where you want to be. Consider the following. uP{;*E3?  
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　　1.Do you enjoy what you do? Nobody's excited about their job all the time, but you need to derive something from the work each day if you're going to perform effectively. And money usually isn't a motivator. We're motivated by the desire to do good, to be effective, to connect with others, to be creative, or to make a difference. What really lights your fire? Have you gotten away from that in your work? You may have, yet not even know it. J0^{,eY<  
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　　2.Does your organization want you to realize your full potential? I believe many organizations lack the competence to develop or even keep good people. I've seen too many cases of individuals sent packing from organizations because they were more talented than their boss could stand, or because they did not always play by the company rules. r1i $D  
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　　72.Also, prejudice and chauvinism still exist in the workplace. While we like to think women managers have achieved parity with men, this isn't true. The glass (some say concrete) ceiling stull exists in many places. So, if you're a minority, consider how this is affecting your advancement chances. Don't be bitter, but do get busy. It may be time to get out and find something better. :{[<g](  
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　　3.Feel plateaued or pigeonholed in your job? Then look for ways to make your job a “learning-ground.” Explore those informal, “out-of-the-box” ways we can keep growing professionally, even if we're suffering from a career slump, working for a tyrant, or “trapped” in a job that doesn't fully use our talents. q 1YLq(e  
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　　For example, find a way to increase responsibility at work (and in so doing, acquire some experience you've been longing to add to your resume). Or eager to be published? Then, write an article for a professional journal. Time to polish your oratorical skills? Speak at a professional conference or serve on the speaker's committee for you local ASTD Chapter. <"*"1(wN  
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　　73.There are always ways to leverage your professional experience, even if that experience has been unpleasant. I know people who've written articles about sexual harassment based on their own negative experiences, then become stars on the speaking circuit because of it. Others have become consultants, specializing in areas they developed while employed by others. ]EB6+x!G  
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　　Part B Ci;h  
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　　Direction: Translate the following short paragraph into English and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
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　　自从理查德·尼克松向癌症宣战以来已经有三十年了。其间，不少专家、学者耗费巨资试图寻找各种方法以攻克这个难题。但是今天的癌症死亡率与七十年代仍旧差不多一样高。美国妇女中死于乳腺癌患者是世界上许多其他国家的五到三十倍。在泰国每十万妇女中仅2至5人死于乳腺癌，而美国的妇女会有30至40人遭此厄运。就其原因，没有人会否认其与饮食很有关系。有些科学家认为：“每天人们摄入二至三磅食物，这是我们与环境最大范围的接触。”因此人们必须十分重视良好的饮食习惯。虽说正确的饮食习惯不能根除世界上的癌症，但它有利于减少患癌症的风险。 UM<@t%|>  
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　　Part A IWQ&6SDW$z  
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　　71.我认为个人的工作效力(以及对工作的满意度)的关键在于要了解是什么动机激励人们在工作时达到最高效率或最满意的状态。当然，这取决于我们自己要寻求机会来满足并利用激励因素。当一项工作再也不能激励我们进步时，也就是该挪窝跳槽之日了。每种工作都具有生命周期，因此，要对你所干的工作做出准确的判断和评价以决定它是否仍是你想继续留守的地方。考虑如下几个因素。  L#n}e7Y9  
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　　72.同样，在工作中还存在偏见和沙文主义。我们总以为在女经理与男经理之间实现了平等，但事实并非如此。玻璃(有人说混凝土)天花板在许多地方仍然存在着。所以，如果你处于少数，则应该细想一下它会怎样影响你事业上的发展机会。不要怨恨和觉得痛苦，但一定不要让自己闲着。这也许是应该辞职去寻找更好的工作的时候了。 9qEOgJ  
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　　73.总有许多影响你职业经历的途径，即使这种经历令人不快。我知道有些人根据令人伤感的自身经历撰写了性骚扰的文章，而正是此举使巡回演讲的她们一举成名。还有一些人在受雇于人的同时，当兼职顾问，专门从事这方面的工作。 dsV ~|D6:  
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　　Part B +kM\ D~D1  
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　　It has already been three decades since Richard Nixon declared fight against cancer, during which many specialists and scholars spent a large amount of money trying to seek various ways to crack this hard nut. Yet today the death rate of cancer is nearly as high as it was in the 1970s. American women's death rate of breast cancer is five to thirty times as high as that of women in many other countries of the world. In Thailand, only two to five out of every 100,000 women die of breast cancer, whereas in the United States, 30 to 40 meet that fate. Among all the reasons, no one denies that diet is a large part of the reason. Some scientists hold, “It's our greatest exposure to the environment because humans put two to three pounds of food into their bodies every day.” Hence people should place a great emphasis on good eating habits. Though the correct eating habit can't eliminate cancer in the world, it can help reduce the risk of cancer.

Direction: Write your translations in your answer sheet. bo1I&I  
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　　Part A };rm3;~ eg  
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　　Translate the underlined sentences into good Chinese. (15 %) 3T1P$E" m  
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　　“The Child is Father of the Man, ”wrote the English poet William Wordsworth. Adults today are as aware as Wordsworth of the importance of childhood experiences that a cherished and well-behaved child has a better chance of growing into a balanced, loving and law-abiding adult than an unloved one.(1)The Children Act of 1989, created to give children much-needed protection against abuse, in the process legalized the ideology: the child comes first. M6_-f ;.  
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　　But while the nurturing of self-esteem in children is now accepted as a requisite of their development, the social and economic demands on over-worked, harassed parent often prevent them from putting this theory into practice where it matters most—in the home. (2)Indeed, much of the time is seems that parents themselves are suffering a crisis of self-esteem. <1 S+'  
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　　Reports show that teenagers are increasingly obese and slothful. They watch on average between four and six hours of television a day. No longer subject to the discipline of the evening family meal-the cradle of manners and civil behavior-one in three people eats his or her dinner in front of the television.(3) The fashion industry is increasingly targeting guilty parents and their demanding children; it is not uncommon to see children wearing designer jeans and the latest trainers that they will soon grow out of. 0~]QIdu{AR  
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　　Pre-Christmas toy advertising is designed to strike terror into the hearts of parents and make their children even more demanding and greedy. (4) Every office in the land harbors parents who are exasperated especially by boys who are arrogant, rude, boastful and undisciplined. Many parents are too guiltridden or too bewildered by conflicting child-rearing advice to do anything other than wringtheir hands with worry. (5)The language of civil rights has entered childhood. Children as young as six are now so keenly aware of their “rights” that they freely complain of “unfair” treatment by their elders. Part B Translate the following sentences into good English. (15%) vL$|9|W(  
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　　1.为了保证国民经济持续、快速、健康地发展，我们必须加快国有企业的改革步伐。 -2 xE#r  
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　　2.孝道是儒家教育的基石，这宣扬不仅要孝敬父母，而且要臣服于各级各类的权威。 q`^3ov^</  
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　　3.目前在中国正进行着一场意义深远的社会和经济改革。这个伟大的改革使封闭的计划经济变成了以市场为基础的开放经济。 .!yq@Q|=u  
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　　4.一个母亲如果没有文化，很难担负教育好下一代的责任。占中国人口半数的妇女的文化素质提不高，全民族的文化素质也难提高。 %K zbO0  
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　　5.我们正努力教育公民不要像西方国家那样过分消费，比如使用过多的空调，私人汽车，以及随意处理的产品。 U Du~2%  
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　　KEY <tuS,.  
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　　Part A O> AFF@=  
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　　1.今天的成年人和华兹华斯一样认识到孩童时期生活经历的重要性——备受关怀、行为良好的儿童比没有人痛受的儿童有更高、更多的机会成长为心态平衡、关心他人和遵纪守法的成人。 ]fE3s{y &-  
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　　2.可是，人们同意把培养儿童自尊心作为儿童成长的必要条件时，社会和经济的要求又使得劳累过度、疲惫不堪的父母在家里常常不能把理论和实践相结合，而这两者在家里的结合是至关重要的。 J`<f  
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　　3.青少年在家用晚餐(此即培养礼貌和文明举止的场所)时不再遵守规矩，三分之一的人一边吃饭，一边看电视。 nY0sb8lZJ  
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　　4.圣诞节前的玩具广告使得父母们心惊胆战，却使他们的孩子更加贪得无厌，要求越来越高。 4SR(->@  
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　　5.许多父母被相互矛盾的养育孩子的忠告弄得负疚太深，极度困惑，从而忧心忡忡，一筹莫展。 Qh-4vy=r  
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　　Part B T3z(k la  
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　　1.The speed of reform of state-owned enterprises must be accelerated (stepped up) to ensure sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy. fsvYU0L  
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　　2.The doctrine of filial piety, which was the foundation of Confucian education, advocated not only devotion to one's parents but submission to all types of authorities at any levels. |$e:*  
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　　3.At present, a sweeping and profound social and economic reform is being carried out in China. This remarkable transformation has turned a closed economic system centered on plans and projects to an open market-based economy. 9":2"<'+  
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　　4.A mother in a family, who is illiterate, can hardly shoulder the responsibility for a good education of the younger generation. If we fail to improve the cultural quality of women who account nearly half of the population in China, we can by no means improve the cultural quality of the whole nation. hYb9`0G"2  
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　　5.We are managing to educate citizens to avoid the behaviors of over consumption, such as the excessive use of air conditioners, private cars and disposable products at will.

　Direction: Write your translations in your answer sheet. #T\  
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　　Part A !kXeO6X@m  
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　　Translate the underlined sentences into good Chinese. (15 %) B*,?C]0{  
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　　Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they are propelled into the midst of it by their own aging and that of relatives and friends. Aging is the neglected stepchild of the human life cycle. Though we have begun to examine the socially taboo subjects of dying and death, we have leaped over that long period of time preceding death known as old age. In truth, it is easier to manage the problem of death than the problem of living as an old person. Death is a dramatic, one-time crisis while old age is a day-by-day and year-by-year confrontation with powerful external and internal forces, a bittersweet coming to terms with one's own personality and one's life. (1) !Iq{ 5:  
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　　We base our feelings on primitive fears, prejudice and stereotypes rather than on knowledge and insight. In reality, the way one experiences old age is contingent upon circumstances of late-life events (in what order they occur, how they occur, when they occur) and the social supports one receives: adequate finances, shelter, medical care, social roles, religious support, recreation. (2) All of these are crucial and interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life. 
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　　Old age is neither inherently miserable nor inherently sublime——like every stage of life it has problems, joys, fears and potentials. The process of aging and eventual death must ultimately be accepted as the natural progression of the life cycle, the old completing their prescribed life spans and making way for the young. (3) Much that is unique in old age in fact derives from the reality of aging and the imminence of death. The old must clarify and find use for what they have attained in a lifetime of learning and adapting; they must conserve strength and resources where necessary and adjust creatively to those changes and losses that occur as part of the aging experience. (4) The elderly have the potential for qualities of human reflection and observation which can only come from having lived an entire life span. There is a lifetime accumulation of personality and experience which is available to be used and enjoyed. (5) SLoo:)  
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　　Part B A / 0qk  
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　　Translate the following sentences into good English. (15%) @J vZ[T/  
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　　1.实行改革开放以来改变了过去封闭半封闭状态，提高了我国经济水平。 /cY^]VLe  
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　　2.文化是某一特定人群所有传统、习俗、信仰和各种生活方式的总和。 OD+5q(!"a  
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　　3.一个国家的妇女通过她们的生活方式塑造了这个国家的道德、宗教和政治。 oJY[{-qW  
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　　4.帮助真正的穷人，要比仅仅缩小贫富差距更有价值。帮助下层社会的人重新回到社会主流中来，符合所有人的利益。 rt b*n~  
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　　5.推进现代化建设、完成祖国统一、维护世界和平与促进共同发展，是中国人民在新世纪的三大历史任务。 ,{{SI  
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　　KEY slvq9,  
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　　Part A Lko`F$5X  
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　　(1)死亡是富有戏剧性的、一次性危机，而老年则是一天天、一年年地与强大的内外力量抗争。一种苦乐掺半的逐渐适当自己老年时的个性和生活的过程。 s AE9<(g&@  
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　　(2)事实上，一个人老年经历如何是因下列因素而异的：身体健康状况、性格、早年经历、晚年事变的具体情形(这些事变发生之先后、情况及具体时间)及他得到的社会支持，如是否有足够的金钱、住处、医疗、社会任务、宗教支持、文化娱乐。 A=`*r*  
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　　(3)年老的过程及最后的死亡必须从根本上被看作是生命周期的自然进程，老人结束他们各自的寿数，为年轻人让路。 P s#>y&  
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　　(4)老人必须弄清自己毕生学习和适应的收获并加以利用，他们必须在必要时，保持精力和物力，并创造性地使自己适应于衰老过程中必定会经历的变化与损失。 Rd! 2\|  
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　　(5)在一生中积累形成的品格与经验老年时间可以受益。 *not.2+  
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　　Part B A1_ J sS  
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　　1.Since China started to implement the policy of opening up to the outside, its total or semi-closure has been changed and the level of its economy and technology has been raised. =`p&h}h-L  
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　　2.Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. 7~vqf3ON4J  
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　　3.The women of a nation mold its morals, its religion, and its politics by the lives they live. u~'OcO  
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　　4.Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing inequalities. And helping the lower class rejoin mainstream of society is in the interests of all. r/AHJU3&eY  
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　　5.To continue to propel the modernization drive, to achieve reunification of the motherland, and to safeguard wold peace and promote common development are the three historical tasks of the Chinese people in the new century.