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1.定义 ]juPm8eF
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让步状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Concession),属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。 R'>!1\?Iq
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二、分类 k# [!; <
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让步状语从句的引导词主要有: 3_(_yEKx
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① though/although,表示“虽然,即使,纵然”。 二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。 WyN
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² although语气较重,大多位于句首 -ss= c #
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例如:Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV. E/;t6&6
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虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。 #}`sfaT
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² though引导的让步状语从句可以把表语,状语,动词等提至句首。 JJ: ku&Mb
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例如:Boy though he is, he likes to play with girls. DIC*{aBf
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他虽是个男孩,却喜欢和女孩玩。 Y|Iq~Qy~
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② even if/even though,表示的语气更强,意为“再退一步说” 55S s%$k@
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² even if强调对“假设”的让步,不能用来描述已经发生的事实;even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步。 HD j6E"
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例如:We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad. rH@Rh}#yp
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即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。 (even if引导让步状语从句,对“假设”让步) C}huU
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We made a trip even though the weather was bad. ddHl&+G
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尽管天气不好,我们还是作了一次旅行。(even though引导让步状语从句,强调对“既成事实”的让步) 1%Xh[
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③ as表示“虽然……但是……”,“纵然……” 05d0p|},
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² as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,具体变法是把从句中作状语或者表语的“名词/动词/形容词/副词/动词(分词)”提到句首,形成倒装结构。 o'2eSm0H
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例如:King as he is, he is unhappy. ;1k&}v&
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尽管他是国王,但他并不快乐。(名词+as+主语+动词) W[2]$TwT
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Successful as she is, she is not proud. I&-r^6Yx
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尽管她很成功,但她并不骄傲。(动词+as+主语+动词) )Q 2IYCj{
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Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. Q'OtXs 80
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尽管我想留下来,但我确实必须回家。(副词+as+主语+动词) Qs1p
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④ whether...or.../ whether...or not表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……” u8-6s+
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例如:You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not. g,,wG k
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不管你喜欢不喜欢,你得上学。 v>8.TE~2
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You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy.
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不管你有空还是忙,你都得参加这个典礼。 /a\i
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⑤ while表示“尽管”,语气比although/though弱,通常位于句首 )Rn\6
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² while引导让步状语时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be可以省略 CnZ!b_J
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例如:While he was feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. (\ab%M
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=While feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. qSP&Fi
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虽然他感到不舒服,但他还是坚持下来了。 P*KIk~J
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⑥ wh-ever类词/no matter+wh-词,表示“无论怎样” B@*b 9
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² wh-ever类词引导让步状语从句时可以换成no matter+wh-词,但是引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词 &dtst??
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例如:Whatever you did,I will accept. 5n?P}kca)
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= No matter what you did,I will accept. Z[Tou
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不管你做了什么,我都接受。 opH!sa@U
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[No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR], [if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer], you can return them within 30days.(安徽大学2015年阅读) l7g'z'G
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这是一个主从复合句。 2VRGTx
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主句:you can return them within 30days }@q/.Ct! x
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【译文】您可以在30天内退货 n725hY6}<l
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分句一:No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR o
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:No matter what qS\#MMsTd
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【译文】无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品 }PJsPIa3j
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分句二:if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer 44}5o
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【译文】如果你发现它们有些问题,或者根本不喜欢它们了 ;Xt<\^e
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其他修饰成分:shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR作插入语。 Zkd{EMW
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【全句译文】:无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品,如果你发现它们有问题或者只是不再喜欢它们,你可以在30天内退货。 P{9:XSa%
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[While more recent theories on the matter suggest (that there is more overlap among these stages) and (that different environments affect children’s progress)], Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.(云南大学2012年翻译) (S!UnBb&
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这是一个主从复合句。 x/O;8^b
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: VwI
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主句:Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development. st)is4
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【译文】尽管如此,皮亚杰的理论对认知发展的初步研究还是极其重要的。 I#MPJ@*WT
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分句一:While more recent theories on the matter suggest… ~
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:while ''9]`B,:a0
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【译文】而最近更多关于这个问题的理论表明…… 'aEK{#en
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分句二:that there is more overlap among these stages l?)>"^
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类型:宾语从句;引导词:that bR7tmJ[)Z
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【译文】这些阶段有更多的重叠 Gs~eRcIB
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分句三:that different environments affect children’s progress F2zo
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类型:宾语从句;引导词:that Dl.<(/
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【译文】不同的环境会影响儿童的进步 o%Q9]=%!
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【全句译文】:尽管在这个问题上最近的一些理论表明,这些阶段之间有更多的重叠,而且不同的环境会影响儿童的进步,但是皮亚杰的理论对于认知发展的最初研究还是极其重要的。 o Tvg%bX
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[Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history], little is known about it, [since few rocks are known (that are older than 3.8 billion years old)].(武汉大学2017年阅读) $~q{MX&J
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这是一个主从复合句。 V?t*c [
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: PM@_ZJ'x
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主句:little is known about it 6GAEQ]
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【译文】人们对它知之甚少 {y{O ze
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分句一:Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history BSkmFd(*
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:although K
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【译文】尽管这段时间相当于地球历史的10%以上 sc-+?i
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分句二:since few rocks are known…
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类型:原因状语从句;引导词:since RHd no C
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分句三:that are older than 3.8 billion years old ^!O!HMX0
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类型:定语从句;引导词:that ifl
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【全句译文】:虽然这段时间占了地球历史的10%以上,但我们对它所知甚少,因为我们只知道很少有岩石年龄超过38亿岁。 Gf!c