让步状语从句
Y3RaR
9
%~$coZY^
6
#m:=
1.定义 WLkfo
6Nw
P3op1/Np
59X'-fg ,
让步状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Concession),属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。 f~-qjEWm
NS3qNj
oa
q!<lI
二、分类 z5q(
<#>{7" }
`Dp_c&9]
让步状语从句的引导词主要有: q2}6lf,J
K
DR
c-L$bD
uz'MUT(68
① though/although,表示“虽然,即使,纵然”。 二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。 \VAm4
V \Sl->:
?f&O4H
² although语气较重,大多位于句首 %z"${ zw
&{zRuF
I|/\ L|vo
例如:Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV. kDWMget$
}+
dDGFk
07
#e{
虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。 rJw
Ws
X|Rw;FY
e763yd
² though引导的让步状语从句可以把表语,状语,动词等提至句首。 t~kh?u].j
~d"9
?K^#
e
YD -8*
例如:Boy though he is, he likes to play with girls. .
l-eJ
tr@)zM
GB
7(plHW|
他虽是个男孩,却喜欢和女孩玩。 SK t&BnW
zY2o;-d|4
Sgq" 3(+%,
② even if/even though,表示的语气更强,意为“再退一步说” 'h3yxf}\
:]uz0s`>
XkEE55#>|
² even if强调对“假设”的让步,不能用来描述已经发生的事实;even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步。 ?5<x$YI
^2\-zX!bt
5KC
Zg'h
例如:We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad. bT c^huP
Y[.f`Ei2
O~4Q:#^c
即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。 (even if引导让步状语从句,对“假设”让步) 5Mz6/&`
80"oT'ZFh
)(-aw,iK
We made a trip even though the weather was bad.
a
Ju v{
c_Jcy
<|1Kh ygv
尽管天气不好,我们还是作了一次旅行。(even though引导让步状语从句,强调对“既成事实”的让步) L!0}&i;u~5
2U&+K2
O PJ(ub
③ as表示“虽然……但是……”,“纵然……” C=8IQl[^e
@BMuov
l`rO)7
² as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,具体变法是把从句中作状语或者表语的“名词/动词/形容词/副词/动词(分词)”提到句首,形成倒装结构。 b]g#mQ
hp$1c
DqA$%b
yyE
例如:King as he is, he is unhappy. yi*EE%
wo9`-o6
#@m6ag.
尽管他是国王,但他并不快乐。(名词+as+主语+动词) uTNy{RBD+
]sJjV
A
? kCo/sW
Successful as she is, she is not proud. N5 mhs#
[~ !9t9+~
??z&w`Yy,
尽管她很成功,但她并不骄傲。(动词+as+主语+动词) 2/ejU,S
lcXo>
Kl]l[!c7$
Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. pV*d"~T
[nLd> 2P
GW2v&Ul7(
尽管我想留下来,但我确实必须回家。(副词+as+主语+动词) Awe'MG p%
d?><+!a
)h1 `?q:5
④ whether...or.../ whether...or not表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……” d>wG6Z, |
|#EI(W?`
e?WI=Og
例如:You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not. g
_)i)V
jV' tcFr4
$E^*^({
不管你喜欢不喜欢,你得上学。 u?KG%
BJjx y0+
9`!#5i)VU8
You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy. Y^gIvX
e)oi3d.wJf
ihIRB9
不管你有空还是忙,你都得参加这个典礼。 4}Hf"L[ l
:U-yO 9!j
`7'=~BP?X
⑤ while表示“尽管”,语气比although/though弱,通常位于句首 8\[qR_LV
)==Qo/N :
6H:EBj54?
² while引导让步状语时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be可以省略 7` t,
eb<'
>a
EZ^M?awB4
例如:While he was feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. x2+M0 }g
k)JwCt.%
e{d$OzT) V
=While feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. dNz!2mbO
[Kd"M[1[<
G)\6W#de4
虽然他感到不舒服,但他还是坚持下来了。 RQ[6svfP
; J8 25CE
K|-RAjE
⑥ wh-ever类词/no matter+wh-词,表示“无论怎样” j(\jYH>
1PT0<C-
L@6T~
² wh-ever类词引导让步状语从句时可以换成no matter+wh-词,但是引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词 g
[+_T{
1FmVx
M \3Zj(E/
例如:Whatever you did,I will accept. @0q*50
u\|Ys
N^K@$bs4^
= No matter what you did,I will accept. =k22f`8ew
6B>H75S+H
Iw) 'Yyg
不管你做了什么,我都接受。 `?:X-dh_
2:& [r*
h^"OC$
2.考博真题 #:3~I
;]Bkw6o
^{Y9!R*9U*
[No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR], [if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer], you can return them within 30days.(安徽大学2015年阅读) t@\op}Z-M
yjxv D
4I^8f||b_
这是一个主从复合句。 C|Vz
`FY
ZJ|'$=lR
42mZ.,<
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: w>ap8><4
Da"GYEC
;J3
(EB
主句:you can return them within 30days q
k+(Ccl
B#U:6Ty
'u{DFMB-A
【译文】您可以在30天内退货 I,xV&j+<
<ny)yK
sjj*7
i*
分句一:No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR u9}k^W)E
`vFYeN;
R2[-Q"|Ra
类型:让步状语从句;引导词:No matter what b:w {7
(NBq!;_2,x
^1^muc[
【译文】无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品 +/E
yX=
LiF(#OuZ
N=oWIK<;-
分句二:if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer h NCoX*icd
\tWFz(
)Q%hd |R
类型:条件状语从句;引导词:if n(MVm-H
@m=xCg.Z
=R
<X!@
【译文】如果你发现它们有些问题,或者根本不喜欢它们了 -3fzDxD
H?(I-vO
MZ{gU>K+
其他修饰成分:shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR作插入语。 d}.*hgk
-$[o:dLO
f;nO$h[Qb
【全句译文】:无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品,如果你发现它们有问题或者只是不再喜欢它们,你可以在30天内退货。 Ae0jfTv
/
*+P}__k
;ss,x
[While more recent theories on the matter suggest (that there is more overlap among these stages) and (that different environments affect children’s progress)], Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.(云南大学2012年翻译) QyGT
m"9l
P)2.Gx/
g.3a5#t
这是一个主从复合句。 FC:+[.fi
@nuMl5C-`
_dgS @n;6
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: u]W$'MyY
Lad8C
J\kGD
主句:Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development. k
_E
Jg;(
yZ_6yJw3}
R|jt mI?
【译文】尽管如此,皮亚杰的理论对认知发展的初步研究还是极其重要的。 5 (Lw-_y#
Z#O )0ou
x:7"/H|
分句一:While more recent theories on the matter suggest… &%@b;)]J
4@iMGYR9!s
v0D~zV"<y
类型:让步状语从句;引导词:while _(U|Kpi
D%=VhKq
Y<4%4>a
【译文】而最近更多关于这个问题的理论表明…… [MQU~+]
:>:F6Db"U
N;YAG#'9~_
分句二:that there is more overlap among these stages #~_ZG% u
.T2P%Jn.
c#ahFpsnlw
类型:宾语从句;引导词:that F}f/cG<X
T J!d7
}nsxo5WP
【译文】这些阶段有更多的重叠 K P1;u #v
kH.W17D~
|7pi9
分句三:that different environments affect children’s progress 33M10
1X{6
F['<;}
Rv/=bY
类型:宾语从句;引导词:that 7)i6L'r
+o4W8f=Ga
f\|R<3 L
【译文】不同的环境会影响儿童的进步 b 9%G"?~Zz
Edp%z"J;C
%3@a|#g
【全句译文】:尽管在这个问题上最近的一些理论表明,这些阶段之间有更多的重叠,而且不同的环境会影响儿童的进步,但是皮亚杰的理论对于认知发展的最初研究还是极其重要的。 O$K?2-
7`G
FtX}
`J26Y"]P
[Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history], little is known about it, [since few rocks are known (that are older than 3.8 billion years old)].(武汉大学2017年阅读) <y!(X"n`
y.6Yl**l
EQvZ(-_;4
这是一个主从复合句。 m35
$4
|/M^q{h&7s
OngUZMgdb
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: H7}@56
VS\+"TPuH
vyXL F'L
主句:little is known about it xfFsW^w
C
U 8s*
i9O;D*
【译文】人们对它知之甚少 8IQqDEY^
EjjW%"C,
)"sJaHx<
分句一:Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history L_(Y[!
8oxYgj&~X
ZBxV&