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1.定义 s}X2*o`,
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让步状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Concession),属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。 -I'#G D>
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二、分类 $CRu?WUS]'
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让步状语从句的引导词主要有: PsaKzAg?
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① though/although,表示“虽然,即使,纵然”。 二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。 eD4X:^@
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² although语气较重,大多位于句首 2Jo|]>nl}u
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例如:Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV. k#liYw I
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虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。 %PM&`c98z7
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² though引导的让步状语从句可以把表语,状语,动词等提至句首。 G!dx)v
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例如:Boy though he is, he likes to play with girls. ,.9k)\/V
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他虽是个男孩,却喜欢和女孩玩。 z_93j3#
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② even if/even though,表示的语气更强,意为“再退一步说” ls7eypKR
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² even if强调对“假设”的让步,不能用来描述已经发生的事实;even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步。 [ ?%q,>F
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例如:We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad. (\0
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即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。 (even if引导让步状语从句,对“假设”让步) 4
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We made a trip even though the weather was bad. v3#,Z!
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尽管天气不好,我们还是作了一次旅行。(even though引导让步状语从句,强调对“既成事实”的让步) NMe{1RM
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③ as表示“虽然……但是……”,“纵然……” ki?h7
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² as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,具体变法是把从句中作状语或者表语的“名词/动词/形容词/副词/动词(分词)”提到句首,形成倒装结构。 V:$+$"|
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例如:King as he is, he is unhappy. _Z23l
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尽管他是国王,但他并不快乐。(名词+as+主语+动词) $#q`
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Successful as she is, she is not proud. @eJCr)#}
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尽管她很成功,但她并不骄傲。(动词+as+主语+动词) 'v"=
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Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. G3~`]qf
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尽管我想留下来,但我确实必须回家。(副词+as+主语+动词) !cwZ*eM
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④ whether...or.../ whether...or not表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……” xG9Sk
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例如:You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not. !sb r!Qt
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不管你喜欢不喜欢,你得上学。 s6!6Oqh
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You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy. 7?$?Yu
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不管你有空还是忙,你都得参加这个典礼。 -U d^\
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⑤ while表示“尽管”,语气比although/though弱,通常位于句首 1E+12{~m"i
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² while引导让步状语时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be可以省略 "Ms;sdjg}&
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例如:While he was feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. %6UF%dbYH`
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虽然他感到不舒服,但他还是坚持下来了。
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⑥ wh-ever类词/no matter+wh-词,表示“无论怎样” OQVrg2A%(
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² wh-ever类词引导让步状语从句时可以换成no matter+wh-词,但是引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词 ]v+<K63@T
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例如:Whatever you did,I will accept. q7R]!zk
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= No matter what you did,I will accept. R.~[$G!
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不管你做了什么,我都接受。 |V9[aa*c
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[No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR], [if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer], you can return them within 30days.(安徽大学2015年阅读) .~z'm$s1o
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这是一个主从复合句。 Xn7G2Yp
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主句:you can return them within 30days J<)qw
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【译文】您可以在30天内退货 nt.LiM/L
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分句一:No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:No matter what <-lM9}vd
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【译文】无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品 ]a3$hAcj6"
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分句二:if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer hp
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【译文】如果你发现它们有些问题,或者根本不喜欢它们了 1{uxpYAP=
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其他修饰成分:shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR作插入语。 0KA*6]h t
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【全句译文】:无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品,如果你发现它们有问题或者只是不再喜欢它们,你可以在30天内退货。 q~{)
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[While more recent theories on the matter suggest (that there is more overlap among these stages) and (that different environments affect children’s progress)], Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.(云南大学2012年翻译) I| TNo-!$
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这是一个主从复合句。 6@]o,O
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: A;cA|`b
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主句:Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development. XJul
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【译文】尽管如此,皮亚杰的理论对认知发展的初步研究还是极其重要的。 \((MoQ9Qk
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分句一:While more recent theories on the matter suggest… wd:Yy
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:while FNG
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【译文】而最近更多关于这个问题的理论表明…… D:`Q\za
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分句二:that there is more overlap among these stages 9hr7+fW]t
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类型:宾语从句;引导词:that NQD5=/o
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【译文】这些阶段有更多的重叠 cGm3LS6]*
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分句三:that different environments affect children’s progress aOvqk ^
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【译文】不同的环境会影响儿童的进步 nlpEkq
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【全句译文】:尽管在这个问题上最近的一些理论表明,这些阶段之间有更多的重叠,而且不同的环境会影响儿童的进步,但是皮亚杰的理论对于认知发展的最初研究还是极其重要的。 ;6 @sC[
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[Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history], little is known about it, [since few rocks are known (that are older than 3.8 billion years old)].(武汉大学2017年阅读) ZK;/~9KU
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这是一个主从复合句。 uxyj6(
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: a/uo)']B
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主句:little is known about it /=YNkw5
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【译文】人们对它知之甚少 ^?RH<z
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分句一:Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history U',C-56z
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:although Btxtu"]nJo
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【译文】尽管这段时间相当于地球历史的10%以上 y5F+~z}{
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分句二:since few rocks are known… vYm-$KQ"o
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类型:原因状语从句;引导词:since +r'&6Me!
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分句三:that are older than 3.8 billion years old lv=q( &
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类型:定语从句;引导词:that M>Q ZN
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【全句译文】:虽然这段时间占了地球历史的10%以上,但我们对它所知甚少,因为我们只知道很少有岩石年龄超过38亿岁。 w[d8#U