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1.定义 <1*kXTN(
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让步状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Concession),属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。 7n5gXiI"
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二、分类 /NQrE#pb
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让步状语从句的引导词主要有: %2:UsI
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① though/although,表示“虽然,即使,纵然”。 二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。 $q\"d?n
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² although语气较重,大多位于句首 |YLja87
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例如:Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV. ~Z5AIm R|
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虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。 $TK*w8@:
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² though引导的让步状语从句可以把表语,状语,动词等提至句首。 \HB
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例如:Boy though he is, he likes to play with girls. WdOxwsq"
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他虽是个男孩,却喜欢和女孩玩。 fBh"
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② even if/even though,表示的语气更强,意为“再退一步说” BPj?l
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² even if强调对“假设”的让步,不能用来描述已经发生的事实;even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步。 f&$Bjq
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例如:We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad. q+[ )i6!?
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即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。 (even if引导让步状语从句,对“假设”让步) _v#puFy
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We made a trip even though the weather was bad. Re~6'
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尽管天气不好,我们还是作了一次旅行。(even though引导让步状语从句,强调对“既成事实”的让步) |
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③ as表示“虽然……但是……”,“纵然……” [<i3l'V/[
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² as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,具体变法是把从句中作状语或者表语的“名词/动词/形容词/副词/动词(分词)”提到句首,形成倒装结构。 ri-&3%%z<
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例如:King as he is, he is unhappy. I
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尽管他是国王,但他并不快乐。(名词+as+主语+动词) U$DZht4>u
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Successful as she is, she is not proud. 512p\x@
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尽管她很成功,但她并不骄傲。(动词+as+主语+动词) P;(@"gD8z5
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Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. ga KZ4#
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尽管我想留下来,但我确实必须回家。(副词+as+主语+动词) D',7 T=C
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④ whether...or.../ whether...or not表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……” \+Qd=,!i(
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例如:You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not. GLub5GrxR
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不管你喜欢不喜欢,你得上学。 [ZG>FJDl8
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You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy. GGLSmfb)
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不管你有空还是忙,你都得参加这个典礼。 H#X*OJ
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⑤ while表示“尽管”,语气比although/though弱,通常位于句首 67H?xsk@n
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² while引导让步状语时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be可以省略 >^W6'Q$P<
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例如:While he was feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. KD
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=While feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. 3z#>1HD$
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虽然他感到不舒服,但他还是坚持下来了。 EHl~y=9
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⑥ wh-ever类词/no matter+wh-词,表示“无论怎样” dB&<P[$+8
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² wh-ever类词引导让步状语从句时可以换成no matter+wh-词,但是引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词 ]A\qI>,
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例如:Whatever you did,I will accept. q)@;8Z=_c
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不管你做了什么,我都接受。 @C('kUX~!
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2.考博真题 ,Cy&tRjR B
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[No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR], [if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer], you can return them within 30days.(安徽大学2015年阅读) ,WoB)V.{(
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这是一个主从复合句。 <8h3)$
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: Y
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主句:you can return them within 30days ^R+CkF4l l
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【译文】您可以在30天内退货 g ZES}]N
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分句一:No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR #m'+1 s L
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:No matter what (tg+C\
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【译文】无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品 "?Jf#
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分句二:if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer (Q|Y*yI
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【译文】如果你发现它们有些问题,或者根本不喜欢它们了 ZZ].h2=K
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其他修饰成分:shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR作插入语。 7$:Jea
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【全句译文】:无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品,如果你发现它们有问题或者只是不再喜欢它们,你可以在30天内退货。 &([yI>%
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[While more recent theories on the matter suggest (that there is more overlap among these stages) and (that different environments affect children’s progress)], Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.(云南大学2012年翻译) h)?Km
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这是一个主从复合句。 E._ [P/PB
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: 3;EBKGg|
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主句:Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development. O
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【译文】尽管如此,皮亚杰的理论对认知发展的初步研究还是极其重要的。 SQf.R%cg$
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分句一:While more recent theories on the matter suggest… E&|EokSyN
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:while N'0fB`:kz
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【译文】而最近更多关于这个问题的理论表明…… o(Ro/U(Wu
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分句二:that there is more overlap among these stages L"V~MF
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类型:宾语从句;引导词:that [wjH;f>SQ
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【译文】这些阶段有更多的重叠 Ty"=3AvRLV
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分句三:that different environments affect children’s progress dZjh@yGP.
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【译文】不同的环境会影响儿童的进步 t%>x}b"2T
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【全句译文】:尽管在这个问题上最近的一些理论表明,这些阶段之间有更多的重叠,而且不同的环境会影响儿童的进步,但是皮亚杰的理论对于认知发展的最初研究还是极其重要的。 9]TvLh3
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[Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history], little is known about it, [since few rocks are known (that are older than 3.8 billion years old)].(武汉大学2017年阅读) /2PsC*y
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这是一个主从复合句。 i#y3QCNqf^
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: Z<0+<tt
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主句:little is known about it pu*
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【译文】人们对它知之甚少 5=.EngG
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分句一:Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history 1$Pn;jg:
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:although 5Cs
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【译文】尽管这段时间相当于地球历史的10%以上 d>Z{TFY
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分句二:since few rocks are known… N|ut^X+|\
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类型:原因状语从句;引导词:since &:` 7
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分句三:that are older than 3.8 billion years old ^J>jU`)CJ
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类型:定语从句;引导词:that R?Q@)POW
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【全句译文】:虽然这段时间占了地球历史的10%以上,但我们对它所知甚少,因为我们只知道很少有岩石年龄超过38亿岁。 By@<N [I@