一、比喻(the figures of speech) -1r &s
ivUsMhx>S,
比喻是语言艺术的升华。英语中常见的比喻方法有三种:明喻、隐喻和借喻。 5az
4N T
s!;VUr\
1.明喻(the simile) .Lr)~
+=*m! 7Mr
格式:本体 + 显著比喻词(like/as/as if---) + 喻体 w]Ko/;;^2
['4\O43yv
常用介词like 、连词as,as if,as---so、动词seem等以及句型A---to B as C---to D等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。 R4~zL!7;
Z(k\J|&9C
例如: Gz[ymj)5
Y:"v=EhB
(1)Teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, and more brillant. 老师,您像太阳,又比太阳更灿烂更辉煌。freekaobo.com K)Xs L
78a-3){
(2)Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as noble as pine trees! All praise to you, our beloved teacher. 您的心灵像雪一样纯净,您的人格像青松一般高洁!赞美您,敬爱的老师。 Msa6yD#
,JQxs7@2k
英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许多常用的明喻习语。例如: o,Tr^e$
.KU SNrs'
(1)as clear as crystal清如水晶 {r].SrW9s9
|:e|~sism
(2)as weak as water软弱无力 J%\~<_2ny
:B*vkwT
这类利用类似汉语的押韵和叠声增加语言的美感。与此同时,又可以使语言短小精悍,表达生动、形象。 a:-)+sgHw
r}y[r}vk
2.隐喻(the metaphor) 8R)D ! 7[l
=,AC%S_D~
格是:本体 + is/are + 喻体 (
*9I
p
aucZJjH
例如: I NPYJ#%
FM9X}%5nu9
(1)Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh my friend, what I scoop up from the river is all yearning of you. 时间是河、记忆如水,朋友,我从河里捧起来的都是对你的思念。 CCW%G,$U9
joChML_
(2)Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 CrNwALx
P>{US1t
注意:英语中存在着许多数词习语和俚语,用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。例如 : {ywXz|TP
%_b^!FR
(1)You are one in a million.你真是人见人爱。 2<[eD`u
XDpfpJ,z"}
(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。 /B,:<&_-
" K 8&{=
(3)This film star is a nine days' wonder; I doubt whether anyone will remember her in a year's time.这位电影明星现在红极一时(也指昙花一现),但我认为一年以后人们不见得还记得她。 poXLy/K
k'[ S@+5
注意:英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如: 9^ >M>f"
J+)'-OFt0
(1)to teach fish to swim 班门弄斧 ET,Q3X\Oe
ex`
xkZ+
(2)to plough the sand 白费力气 2E`~ qn
XYqpI/s
(3)up the tree骑虎难下;lame duck强弩之末;above board光明正大 L@{!r=%_>
3.借喻(the metonymy) .
O5LI35,
*2JH_Cj`
格式:直接用比喻事物代替本体事物 O^.%C`*
8{R_6BS
例如: iD>G!\&