考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 /Zg4JQ~
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开头万能公式: ]3d5kf
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1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 &%4
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有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! .$ xTX'
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? il7gk<
经典句型: $AHdjQ[;6-
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) ~:N 1[
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. g2 tM!IRQ
(适用于自编名言) r#w.yg4EX
更多经典句型: 9`Xr7gmQf
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… .50ql[En
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 P9M. J^<
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 5}:`CC2,S~
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: +THK
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According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college 0W ,.1J2*
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. G"U^]$(+K
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: U,V+qnS
Honesty l8+;)2p!
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 !Aw.)<teW
Travel by Bike \Z_29L w=
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 g5t`YcL
Youth zE?@_p1gei
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Wo~;h(6
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? > mEB,
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 0?=a$0_C
更多句型: Jm,tN/o*
A recent statistics shows that … ?D=C8[NEX
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结尾万能公式: =$uSa7t#
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1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 WntolYd
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: j{Sbf04
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good Z=s.`?Z
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 9z7rv,
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! b&*N
更多过渡短语: 9)D9'/{L#
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus O#Ho08*Xn
更多句型: w6|l ~.$=
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… ISg-?h/
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 ?%Gzd(YEY
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! ?7TuE
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Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve !YX_k<1E
the problem. ebhV;Q.
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? Pp`[E/
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更多句型: $~NB
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Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. .GIygU_
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be qEfg-`*M
taken. p:3
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写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 - @t L]]
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工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: a|Wrc)UR
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is t!o=-k
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to 9
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satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite petq6)g?
similar. ?gG%FzfQ/
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! A\|:hzu+
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 N
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主 题 句原则 ]~4*ak=)5\
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! 69N8COLB
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! ~z7Fz"o<
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully =4K:l}
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prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, i wI}
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 %S<))G
一 二 三原则 /l;_ xs
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… q0(-"}2l
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 '3
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1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) '%*/iH6<U{
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) 2C#b-Y1~N
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) yLQwG.,
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, f9^MLb6)
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) "O8iO!:
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) `2n%Lo?_
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) h&z(;B!;y.
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) ai;- _M+$
8)most important of all, moreover, finally p)s*Cw
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)
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10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) @-XMox/
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 _ECH
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写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: lSBu,UQP
I cannot bear it. )V9
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可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. QaSRD/,M
I want it. Z=^~]Mfa
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. y(
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这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 Sb?HRoe_
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, =Iy khrS
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital ,9~qLQ0O
之类的形象词。再比如: d#:7V%]dp
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room :Kk+wp}f#
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room X"S")BQ
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*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room 6gB;m$:fV
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room 2@:Ztt6~
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room =|IY[2^
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 f#
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1)加法(串联) Y
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都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 7rIEpN>*
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: $q0i=l&$&
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. lj@ibA]
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: [cw>; \J
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. ~D_Wqr
其它的短语可以用: c:`CL<xzU
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover $uYfy<
2)转折(拐弯抹角) Df=Xbf>jt9
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 ilkN3J
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. DUvF
The coat was thin, but it was warm. Tr"Bz!
更多的短语: D9higsN
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, }PxPJ$o
despite, notwithstanding ""x>-j4
3)因果(so, so, so) ^2"3h$DJfS
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! ApqNV
The snow began to fall, so we went home. zc5>)v LH=
更多短语: b2UqN]{
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a :KBy(}V
result, for this reason, so that c>L#(D\\
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) eRB
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有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 `W'S'?$
举例:This is what I can do. x1`zD*{
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. @_Es|(4
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: eD0|6P;Ei
When to go, Why he goes away… @~`:sa+H
5)附加(多此一举) f- ~]
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 cD]#6PFA
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. H<ZXe!q(nx
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. cb%ML1c
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. &f<Ltdw
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom Zxn>]Z_
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 j:xm>X'
6)排比(排山倒海句) ZBXn&Gm
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! P B"nf|pm
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated XA-,
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. )C%S`d<%,
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such L?r\J8Ch<
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean !=(M P:
tides. ?D=t:=
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, !E_RD,_
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) s -),Pv|
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 bh UghHT
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! -k}&{v
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: ~0Xx]
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb 77~l~EX
the Western Hills. vL~j6'
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about & 6~AY:0r
three times that of China. `&>CK`%Xu
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! DWcEl:
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 x<h-F
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思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! eLyaTOZadu
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted 3R ZD=`
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as q%c"`u/v/
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. G
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For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will I)}T4OOc/
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the IC@-`S#F
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.
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更多句型: J7s\
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, n]J;BW&Av
for example二、做比较 YOY{f:ew
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; 6;hZHe 'W
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through \%/zf
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: ulxy 4] h
相似的比较: _33YgO
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner i`HXBq!|w
相反的比较: ]>k>Z#8E*
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, -
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nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, t/0h)mL}
…三、换言之 8WL*Pr
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没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 Nlfz'_0M
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! YztW1GvI
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. L$<(HQQJ8
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love I85bzzZB
with you. 9Z;"9$+M
或者上面我们举过的例子: pG9qD2Cf
I cannot bear it. xyc`p[n&
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. ^=gzms
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with o" ./
it or I am fed up with it. b_xGCBC
更多短语: [d/uy>z,
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more VN!+r7w'
simply