(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 VY4yS*y
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。 ?CPahU
2)基本用法 n{mfn*r.
(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 n/:33DAB
间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , >|UOz&
seldom等。例如: ^<2p~h0
\
The sun rises in the east. A3/k@S-R2
He usually goes to work by bus. YIYmiv5
The Jones always go to church on Sunday.
r;N|)
(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 [{,1=AB
如: t%=tik2|7
The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. }5"u[Z.
The project starts early this year. k{-Cwo
There is a conference tonight. 9\7en%( M
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: /
j.9$H'y
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. gg2(5FPP
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. sfl<qD+?
2 、一般过去时 8Zd]wYO
1)构成:动词过去式 oEpFuWp%A
2)基本用法 }O
p;
g^W
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: Xsa].
yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由 Jln:`!#fDf
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: ^U/O!GK
He died five years ago. $[ *w"iQ
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. ,eS)e+yzc2
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he 4CTi]E=H{
smoked 100 cigarettes a week. n+ M <\
When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living. .T`%tJ-Em
3 、一般将来时 ))Za&S*<
1)构成 }x,S%M-
will +动词原形 ;hq\
2)基本用法 :k#HW6p
用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 \{NO?%s0p
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon. N2o7%gJw
3)表示将来时的其他形式 .6J$,.Ig
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 N$tGQ@
明即将发生的事。例如: -G=]=f/'
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it. J[kTlHMD
(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 B<
C&xDRZ0
可能性。例如: 2Khv>#l
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. s#GLJl\E_P
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 G+m }MOQP7
置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: W%Fv p;\`
We're leaving on Friday. !'O@2{?B
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. D m9sL!
(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: v` r:=K
He is about to retire. |l!aB(NW
4 、现在进行时 D/' dTrR
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 Ea=P2:3*
2)基本用法 *z2s$EZ
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: D&zle~" J
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report. T]$U""
Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. ?h2}#wg
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 WEpoBP
CL
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: y+;|Fz
He is constantly complaining about his job. .wr>]yN
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. 0CvUc>Pj`"
5 、现在完成时 o" SMbj
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 \j.:3Xr
2)基本用法 ?%kV?eu'
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下 I2DpRMy
去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since $ulOp;~A%
引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如: <\FH fE
We’ve just back. *$*ce|V5
We have studied English for more than ten years. @|)Z"m7
He has lived here since 1995. 5:Uso{
I have played the piano since 1 came to England. bjS
{(
Have you booked your hotel yet h.fq,em+H
注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 &~w}_Fjk
(1)过去与现在的关系 P
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这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 kNL\m[W8$
响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 _tXlF;
造成的影响。 9g?(BI^z
(2)时间状语不同 FGQzoS
一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, ~v"L!=~G;a
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till fxIf|9Qi`
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: i 3SHg\~Z
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) 3yXY.>'
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 y)gKxRaCS
开着的。) YgoBHE0#
6 、过去进行时 5PnDN\
1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 !Rt
>xD
2)基本用法 @ry_nKr9
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: AzxXB
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. pHJ3nHLQ
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. r>U@3%0&
7 、过去完成时 &`XVq"7
1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 t<viX's
2)基本用法 "FKOaQ%IH
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的 uRr o?m<
时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: U ZsH9
o
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning \K!VNB>h
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. f`=-US
The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. d{7+w/Zi
8 、过去将来时 3kMf!VL
1)构成:由“should/would +动词原形”构成。 qeZ? 7#Gf
2)基本用法 <HVt
V9R
表示过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况,通常用于主句谓语动词是一般过去 :zF,A,)
时的宾语从句中。例如: OH(waKq2I
He said he would stop smoking next month. e;}7G
We wanted to know when the English class would begin. 5, 6"&vU,
9 、将来完成时 wx0j(:B]
1)构成:由“shall (will) + have + 过去分词”构成。 o$l
M$E:
2)基本用法 ?'{SX9
表示将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。例如: VZmLS 4E
By this time next year I will have opened my first book store. l&Q`wR5e
Hurry up! Otherwise the train will have left before we get to the station. oEKvl3Hz_
10 、现在完成进行时 $6iX
1)构成 'F0e(He@,
2)基本用法 Ao
gVF
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,这个动作可能还会继续下去或是 R3&Iu=g
到说话的时候刚刚结束,但强调到说话时为止动作一直进行着。常常与表示一段时间的 iN8zo:&Z
状语连用。例如: "8jf81V*
I have been reading this novel the whole morning. )g#T9tx2D
He has been studying English for years. CxO ob1@
He has been playing computer games since early morning. :hk5 .[
注意:现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 }" %?et(
1)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续。例如: 9BBmw(M}
They have been building a ship.(在进行中) EF}\brD1
They have built a ship.(已完成) vJc- 6EO
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.(我还有很多信要写。) {~"/Y@&]R
2)现在完成进行时能够表达情感。例如:I’ve been waiting there for about two hours! hwBfdZ
(表达不满情绪) }DfshZ0QM
II. 动词的语态 &LZn
FR
英语中,语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“be + 动词的过去分词”构成。 Pz |>
"'
现以call为例将被动语态的不同时态列表如下: Ed,~1GanY
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 pF:$
ko
现在 is/are/am called is/am/are being called have/has been called l2rd9-T
过去 was/were called was/were being called had been called lC("y'
::
将来 shall/will be OXSmt
DvJ
called m^f0V2M_
------ shall/will have been called ukfQe }I
应注意的事项: fg!__Rdi
1) 只有及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 [OV"}<V
He was beat severely by the gunman. H*&f: