(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 h&6v&%S/L
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。 #7A_p8
2)基本用法 P$= Y 5
(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 7}<057Xn'
间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , X4R+Frt8
seldom等。例如: |VL(#U
The sun rises in the east. ;9R;D,G
k!
He usually goes to work by bus. 4F+n`{~
The Jones always go to church on Sunday. Vuqm{bo^
(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 Ibd
na9z7
如: $3Ct@}=n
The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. 3:h9cO/9
The project starts early this year. $(6 .K
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There is a conference tonight. *SX'Or,
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: \&p MF
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. 8@|rB3J
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. R;_U BQ)
2 、一般过去时 t1)b26;
1)构成:动词过去式 q1Si*?2W
2)基本用法 P/'~&*m-
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: n#G
I& U
yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由 F-)lRGw
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: [9WtoA,kx
He died five years ago. "bRg_]\q6
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. lMX 2O2 o
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he QJ`#&QRp
smoked 100 cigarettes a week. '|b {
When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living.
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3 、一般将来时 &rX..l
1)构成 `MgR/@%hr
will +动词原形 |#x;}_>7
2)基本用法 X3DXEeBEL
用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 @+VvZc2Y
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon. Tw{H+B"uVz
3)表示将来时的其他形式 ~ySmN}3~'
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 8x
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明即将发生的事。例如: N7%+n*Z
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it. [IVT0
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(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 @.gT&Hq
可能性。例如: n*^g^gp
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. >w jWX{&?
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 aC>r5b#:
置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: Hw5\~!FX
We're leaving on Friday. :b;2iB
VB
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. hi
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(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: H*3f8A&@s
He is about to retire. ^ 3LM
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4 、现在进行时 $Trkow%F]
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 C8cB Lsa[J
2)基本用法 0/<}.Z]
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: 1 ,o C:N
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report.
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Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. /a6\G.C5
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 0\wMlV`F
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: bvn?wK
He is constantly complaining about his job. a=gTGG"9
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. dY/=-ymW
5 、现在完成时 uJMF\G=nb
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 kmM_Af&
2)基本用法 &6,GX7]Fo
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下 "*#$$e53A
去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since !
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引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如: b]~X
U
We’ve just back. WDKj)f9cy
We have studied English for more than ten years. KU3lAjzN
He has lived here since 1995. P
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I have played the piano since 1 came to England. @fT*fv
Have you booked your hotel yet
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注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ' rHkJ
(1)过去与现在的关系 q NU\XO`H
这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 5bv(J
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响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 >
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造成的影响。 H]"Z_n_
(2)时间状语不同 ;%]Q%7
一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, [f.[C5f%"'
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till Hm`9M.5b
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: "f~S3 ?^!2
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) =bZ>>-<
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 '\l(.N
开着的。) bU=!~W5
6 、过去进行时 <y6M@(b
1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 jIZQ/xp8_
2)基本用法 +=|
Q'V
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: vC$[Zm
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. _,NL;66=[
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. 8G1Tpn
7 、过去完成时 #_QvnQ?I
1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 z++*,2F
2)基本用法 ;6L<Syl5
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的 |
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时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: C
z4"[C`;
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning O%tlj@?
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. Up*p*(d3
The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. iwJBhu0@#
8 、过去将来时 "\vEi
&C
1)构成:由“should/would +动词原形”构成。
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2)基本用法 <!Nj2>
表示过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况,通常用于主句谓语动词是一般过去 ]3NH[&+
时的宾语从句中。例如: K:V_,[gO
He said he would stop smoking next month. =KmjCz:
We wanted to know when the English class would begin. /.aZXC$]
9 、将来完成时 IW
Lv$bPZ/
1)构成:由“shall (will) + have + 过去分词”构成。 S@z$,}Yc`<
2)基本用法 p;"pTGoWi
表示将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。例如: SM@l4GH
By this time next year I will have opened my first book store. tUGnD<P
Hurry up! Otherwise the train will have left before we get to the station. gJ+MoAM"
10 、现在完成进行时 Fm`hFBKW
1)构成 WT;=K0W6&
2)基本用法
KCe =$
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作,这个动作可能还会继续下去或是 mF%>pj&