英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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pn 一般时
7"F29 \ Q' Tg0,,S 进行时
BOW BD@y bjo} 95 完成时
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Sy' ]fGvx 完成进行时
53 -O wjpx H'JU5nE 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
dyk(/# *7W ' /)qI. 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
\VA*3U^ @ 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
#IJe q0TVB should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
lF_"{dS_6( 一般过去时的用法
YN+vk}8 < |-;VnC&UY 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
U
E $I x When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
<# RVA{ Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
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]Bd 2）句型：
{VKFw=$8 It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
*AYq :n6 It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
Mc < u?H It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
.r2*tB). It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
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@8Y would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
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#f YB4.i~ T N1pg 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
g;v;xlY`N I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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tq}45{FH3 比较：
|K"Q>V2y 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
d&[RfZ` Christine was an invalid all her life.
Qr 9 ;CVW (含义：她已不在人间。)
6,a H[ >W Christine has been an invalid all her life.
BMy3tyO (含义：她现在还活着)
!t^DN\\# Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
qh:Bc$S (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
1[^YK6a/ Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
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( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
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[ A\i<# 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
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RG 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
?9kC[4G Did you want anything else?
$2Whb!7Z( I wondered if you could help me.
"FWx;65CR 2）情态动词 could, would.
/{\ /e"5 Could you lend me your bike?
WJ25fTsG 一般将来时
du66a+@t A^>@6d $2 ~w+I2oS$ 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
<qwf"Ey will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
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Which paragraph shall I read first.
x,!Dd Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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CT 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
j# 1G?MF a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
N/bOl~!y What are you going to do tomorrow?
V4n~Z+k b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
H#~gx_^U the play is going to be produced next month。
USV DDqZ c. 有迹象要发生的事
:\\NK/" Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
jYHn J}< QB*,+ u4 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
n m- We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
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oyV8P$ 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
@C)s4{V He is about to leave for Beijing.
gV2vw
e 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
b/M/) o!C 现在进行时
BJj'91B[d i]v3CY|3AI [';o -c"! Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
%Mda<3P (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
jeu'K vhe She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
FDMQ Lx f c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
Uwc% '=@ the leaves are turning red.
.z>/A /&+ It's getting warmer and warmer.
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8YE7 d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
kE&R;T`Gb% You are always changing your mind.
uY]';Ot G &}"kF\ 典型例题
d@Z DIy My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
U% h .l A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
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F 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
N[_T3( 过去进行时
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y 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
REh"/d Et 0gPX- 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
f(Xin3#' !VD$uT 3) 常用的时间状语
ygz2bHpD~ this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
mB`HPT NS[ Z@ @ 6()Jx% My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
MT{1/A;`) It was raining when they left the station.
#un'?]tZF When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
v[$e{ Dz( a j?ZVa6 典型例题
4 $k{, 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
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\PY A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
b'O/u."O 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
z(A60b} (Nzh1ul\} 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
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( read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
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B!j`UK 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
q>%B @' 比较过去时与现在完成时
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? nzbVI +`flIG3RV 一般过去时的时间状语:
/R|?v{S1 yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
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W2<' b05 共同的时间状语:
p4uzw this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
V'b4wO1RV TTO8tT3[6} 现在完成时的时间状语
\6AM?}v for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
N(i.E5& 9 不确定的时间状语
0=+feB1T GN(,` y 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
2 6}3 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
uju'Bs7 举例：
C6g p}% I saw this film yesterday.
i\ uj>;B （强调看的动作发生过了。）
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| I have seen this film.
k^d^Todq. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
O:'qwJ# ~ Why did you get up so early?
%$Fe[#1 （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
leF!Uog Who hasn't handed in his paper?
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j （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
Ne;0fk O She has returned from Paris.
1\{FK O t 她已从巴黎回来了。
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[#Rm>,Vu She returned yesterday.
.p Mwa 她是昨天回来了。
=i}lh }( He has been in the League for three years.
G]$E If' (在团内的状态可延续)
#I MaN% He has been a League member for three years.
n2 _;:= (是团员的状态可持续)
ePq (.o He joined the League three years ago.
Q(Yn8t ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
]Ar,HaX- I have finished my homework now.
V^!^wLLi [zq2h3r ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
pyX:$j2R+% ---He's already been sent for.
unqUs 08 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
FSz<R*2 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
$e4N4e2x/ （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
