英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
AK$i0Rn;pm hsZ@)[/: 一般时
%Lfy!] Ru W@vCMy! 进行时
ua%j}%G( VO7&<Y}{x 完成时
Tl-Ix&37 cg}lF9;d 完成进行时
A7GWU{i a )M3 t 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
n wO5<b; #UqE %g`J 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
+-Miei Kv 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
OC Wyp should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
:}Z Y*ind 一般过去时的用法
#i-b|J+% +qM2&M 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
8:"s3xaO3 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
fvZ[eJ Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
`&FfGftc <d$t*vnq 2）句型：
%[ k "A It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
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se It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
#c`/ f6z It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
j%fi*2uX It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
kC/An@J^# would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
[g$IN/o% I'd rather you came tomorrow.
@e^(V$ap [&:dPd1_ 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
<ua! ]~ I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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)r3#6hW 5ih5=qX 比较：
U ]O>DM^' 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Ft?Y c 5 Christine was an invalid all her life.
|pR'#M4j4A (含义：她已不在人间。)
>,c'Z<TM Christine has been an invalid all her life.
G( #EW + (含义：她现在还活着)
IgKrcpK#}? Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
,gIeQ!+vy (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
YG6Y5j[-X~ Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
)C $1)) ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
5$/Me=g< s"X0Jx} 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
N`7+] T 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
WWv.kglz Did you want anything else?
,~XAV ;+ I wondered if you could help me.
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X?~ 2）情态动词 could, would.
OQ4rJ#b Could you lend me your bike?
NtQ#su$ 一般将来时
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w7Y;FuR gf lO0$i 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
j +Ro? will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
CZ ,2Rq Which paragraph shall I read first.
Gvqu v\ Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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-Vj112 fI 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
Sh 7ob2 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
S, RC;D 7 What are you going to do tomorrow?
3s_ $. b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
7'R7J"sY`| the play is going to be produced next month。
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I c. 有迹象要发生的事
^\3z$ntF Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
c~ Q 5A u$+nl~p[& 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
KwhATYWQb We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
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;<dtw j Ysg'Rl 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
\n0MqXs# He is about to leave for Beijing.
l"9$lF} 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
els71t - 现在进行时
5} 1qo7; P^'}3*8S n)R[T.E)+ Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
_"- ,ia[D (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
)!d_Td\- She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
iI!g1 c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
gBo~NLrf the leaves are turning red.
3y-P-NI~= It's getting warmer and warmer.
&_$xMM,X d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
QykHB
k You are always changing your mind.
$>=w<=r|; *5R91@xt 典型例题
"S3U]zw0_ My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
I7jIA>ZZi A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
_H$Z }2g<z 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
HG[gJ7 过去进行时
jN2Xoh9 V -z F'KI[ 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
wI2fCq(a0 @1)C3(=A 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
+( vL ~ ]d,#PF 3) 常用的时间状语
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this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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H9rZWc"* o ) Nm5g My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
S-G#+ Ue2 It was raining when they left the station.
8 Nxyc>8K~ When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
W[.UM }t5pz[zl 典型例题
< zF /at 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
?1lx8+ A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
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eBJ 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
,ikn%l#cm p|R]/C0f 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
>)S'`e4Gu read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
%~YQl N 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
d)jX%Z$LC 比较过去时与现在完成时
"Yf?33UNZ y{1|@?ii *saO~.-;4 1dX) l 一般过去时的时间状语:
8sxH)"S yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
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[VUW~ 共同的时间状语:
&fWYQ'\> this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
b-,]21 pM'AhzS 现在完成时的时间状语
h` $2/%? for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
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1l 不确定的时间状语
wXxk+DV@ WgQ6 EV` 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
{BKr/) H 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
&`4v,l^Zi6 举例：
&-1;3+#w I saw this film yesterday.
kKg %[zXS （强调看的动作发生过了。）
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c~4l: I have seen this film.
<xeo9'k6& （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
d^.f B+)A3 Why did you get up so early?
7T3ub3\ （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
>HXmpu.O Who hasn't handed in his paper?
mME a*9P （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
[1*3 kt*h She has returned from Paris.
ndIU0kq3 她已从巴黎回来了。
q"[8u ]j She returned yesterday.
8+ <vumnw 她是昨天回来了。
} 6Uw4D61 He has been in the League for three years.
Ya)s_Zr7 (在团内的状态可延续)
kWgZIkY He has been a League member for three years.
B )M& FO (是团员的状态可持续)
/WJ*ro]Hd$ He joined the League three years ago.
@ 0RB.- ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
6Q. _zk I have finished my homework now.
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Z^8J 5Go&+|c vJ ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
+89s+4Jn ---He's already been sent for.
j:9kJq>mv 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
YpT x1c- （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
eswsxJ/! （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
