英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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.gH HtY0=r 一般时
bS7rG$n [ 4IfOvAN% 进行时
HGIPz{/5U q=Xd a0c 完成时
7m='-_w)?w :buH\LB*P 完成进行时
max 5s$@ Zfwhg4G~ 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
I!LSD i3 LelCjC{`1 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
CVxqNR*DN 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
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+ should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
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fV 一般过去时的用法
5~ 8FZ-x B"; >zF 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
JdYmUM|K/c When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
@9$u!ny0 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
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~& 2）句型：
x&^>| 'H It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
sWtT"7>x It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
/i !3Fr" It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
=@ SJy W It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
mHj3ItXUu would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
%1JN% I'd rather you came tomorrow.
iw
iHw 40?xu#" 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
uDe%M I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
5>S=f{ghFw pYxdE|2j 比较：
6_rgj {L 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
J`I^F:y* Christine was an invalid all her life.
LvM;ZfA Ev (含义：她已不在人间。)
&7 0o4~Fr Christine has been an invalid all her life.
., vF% pQ (含义：她现在还活着)
*m>XtBw. Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
dRhsnT+KX (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
H
Z) an Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
@n NhW ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
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HNRN_ 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
~#]$YoQ&O 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
:nLhg$wMs Did you want anything else?
)ZHo7X I wondered if you could help me.
/c4@QbB 2）情态动词 could, would.
<H]1 6 Could you lend me your bike?
\9Yc2$dY 一般将来时
2 D vKW%; vR*TW K}KgCJ3 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
h ycdk1SN will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
%uUQBZ4 Which paragraph shall I read first.
m Bc2x8g) Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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v FHv^^u'@ 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
(Z)F6sZ`8 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
z{uRq A G What are you going to do tomorrow?
F-&=N {+ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
a*T=;P3(I the play is going to be produced next month。
3mCf>qj73 c. 有迹象要发生的事
qTV;L- Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
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W2+ Bs} 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
x./ l2 7}6 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
6!Z >^'6 L2$`S'U W 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
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He is about to leave for Beijing.
Rg,]d u u? 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
9=FqI50{ 现在进行时
hP $v,"$ K>_~zW nc ]@G$
L,3 Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
=j&qat (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
5+yT{,(5 She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
m_;<7W& p] c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
873'=m& the leaves are turning red.
3`%U)gCT5 It's getting warmer and warmer.
YuV g/ '= d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
Uk0Fo(HY You are always changing your mind.
{%PgR){qR 1nAAs;`' 典型例题
S1& Df%Ra My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
)&$p?kF A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
@+EO3-X5 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
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8 过去进行时
n+q a/< F4$N:J kl 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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9 Eu1 ?VaAVxd29 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
aH(B}wh{ p^/6Rb"e 3) 常用的时间状语
3<vw#]yL this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
g2t'u4> }2CVA.Qm! IN#Z(FMVC My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
h|Os T It was raining when they left the station.
v$_YZm{!< When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
RV{'[8gM fH6mv0 典型例题
oBqWIXM 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
0'Y'K6hG` A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
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q7+_,w 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
u hJ nDo LH _rc 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
\ =(r6X read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
wx2 EMr 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
(|kcSnF0 比较过去时与现在完成时
qS.TVNZ :<w2j 6V Iq%f*Zm< YrRD3P.P 一般过去时的时间状语:
2qQG yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
npD`9ff wE u"X 共同的时间状语:
zVL" $ ) this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
'1u!@=.\G n>|7 k3 现在完成时的时间状语
uOU?-WtPz for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
;3 |Z}P 不确定的时间状语
)08mG_&atL FdZG%N>Z 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
+2WvGRC 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
mxxuD"5 举例：
D6M ktE)' I saw this film yesterday.
'c")]{ （强调看的动作发生过了。）
Wdp?<U I have seen this film.
-N4km5 （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
f-M 9OI Why did you get up so early?
7G^`'oZ （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
B"9 /+Yj Who hasn't handed in his paper?
sp V E'"^ （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
8&0+Az"{O She has returned from Paris.
l_`DQ8L` 她已从巴黎回来了。
9)Jc'd| She returned yesterday.
H$j`75#u?- 她是昨天回来了。
HRPNZ!B He has been in the League for three years.
qxR7;/@j ) (在团内的状态可延续)
>We:g Kxr He has been a League member for three years.
@H?_x/qBT (是团员的状态可持续)
NvZ )zE He joined the League three years ago.
E903T' 's ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
P [.B K I have finished my homework now.
N <xf=a+j yWs_Z6 b ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
ae)0Yu`*G7 ---He's already been sent for.
BZXP%{njS 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
"]j GCo>9 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
`o9vE0^T< （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
