英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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5vF+ $ZcmE<7k 一般时
-)y"EJ(N nJ*NI) 进行时
7DOAG[gH U -WrZ|
- 完成时
ya:H{#%6 #:s'&. 6 完成进行时
F6%rH$aS k;LENB2iv 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
l_,8_u7G 6@l:(-(j2A 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
zR{ TWk] 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
=WO{h48] should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
U]R7= 一般过去时的用法
][?GJ"O+U {< kl)} 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
u{H_q&1 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
jBE= Ij Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
m|f|u3'z$ xUSIck
2）句型：
YO,GZD`-o It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
b%)a5H( It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
,9A[o`b It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
[fW:%!Y' It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
/1OhW>W3eH would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
Eydk64 5:3 I'd rather you came tomorrow.
.5I1wRN49 MT&i5!Z 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
t Gf I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
}NYsKu_cM u;Z~Px4]v 比较：
.79'c%3} 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
TnKe"TA|9 Christine was an invalid all her life.
G4=v2_] (含义：她已不在人间。)
Z+vLEEX*uQ Christine has been an invalid all her life.
f|<
*2Mk (含义：她现在还活着)
X GO_n{ x Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
7%?A0%>6G (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
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Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
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\ocs O ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
*.i` hfR c PVU( R J 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
ci*Z9&eS+ 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
XLzHm&; Did you want anything else?
] ^.#d I wondered if you could help me.
Ao=.=0os 2）情态动词 could, would.
;zp0,[r Could you lend me your bike?
WF:i}+g+^ 一般将来时
n32BHOVE 2AU_<Hr6 zQD$+q5h 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
4egq Y0A will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
U?H!:?,C Which paragraph shall I read first.
uZg Kex;c Will you be at home at seven this evening?
mO]>(^c {6A3?q 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
R`A @F2 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
wD"Y1?Mr What are you going to do tomorrow?
q]< cn2 b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
nKuf Ve the play is going to be produced next month。
NtSa# $A c. 有迹象要发生的事
^ qY J x Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
vJ }^ p } :S ziQQ 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
fY$M**/, We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
Bo_Ivhe[m vt@.fT#e 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
}M * Oo He is about to leave for Beijing.
hH|3 s-o 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
Hj$JXo[U 现在进行时
8"Hy'JA$O U"af3c^2 q:+,'&<D Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
J9zSBsp_ (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
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dlIey She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
IX e[JL: c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
^ ,d!K2` the leaves are turning red.
AK} wSXF It's getting warmer and warmer.
X@2[!%nm d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
F /IXqj You are always changing your mind.
M6[&od B#N(PvtE 典型例题
[?Wt ZM^q My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
!MOVv\@O A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
uK2MC?LP 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
q]ER_]%Gna 过去进行时
rzsb( @7e h/|Y, 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
[I^>ji0V <,$(,RX 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
*$1M= $ Y!N *J 3) 常用的时间状语
( sHqzWh this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
] d=SkOq 7O^ySy"l Ne!F
p My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
;}"_ hLX It was raining when they left the station.
BU(:6 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
]r8t^bqe $w4%JBZr 典型例题
,\laqH\ 1% 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
^x-vOG lR A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
+[C dd{2 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
#}*w &y 3omFd#EP 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
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p- read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
qK NX^n ; 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
y=7WnQc 比较过去时与现在完成时
8 s(?zK\ ^wN x5t V ; 0{o |<t Z| 一般过去时的时间状语:
jR-DH]@y yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
<{ !^ _%^t[4)q 共同的时间状语:
/xf4*zr this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
;ELQIHnD" E/ %S0 现在完成时的时间状语
\;AW/& Ea for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
f5D.wSY 不确定的时间状语
k<W n F jdh&9Zc 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
/?X1>A:* 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
XgY( Vv 举例：
+SCUS ] I saw this film yesterday.
86d * （强调看的动作发生过了。）
z{T2! w~[ I have seen this film.
~/?JRL= （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
% -"? Why did you get up so early?
3$f%{~3 （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
$4.mRS97g Who hasn't handed in his paper?
rhFa rm4a （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
$$YL AgO4 She has returned from Paris.
M
(dVY/ i 她已从巴黎回来了。
9_IR% bm She returned yesterday.
X 'N 4a 她是昨天回来了。
Zrfp4SlZZ He has been in the League for three years.
ll;#4~iA (在团内的状态可延续)
o:C:obiQbu He has been a League member for three years.
Y+N^_2@+C (是团员的状态可持续)
e2w$":6> He joined the League three years ago.
z79L2lJn ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
6 .DJR Y I have finished my homework now.
;@K,>$ur- nut;ohIh
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
}|f\'S ---He's already been sent for.
[ d<|Cde 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
v}dt**l （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
9,5v %HZ （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
