英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
J?n)FgxS oZ*=7u 一般时
\$~ oH3m& Z imMjZ%4 进行时
)o'U0rAx|a 4-}A'fTU8 完成时
>gOI]*!5 (-Ct!aW| 完成进行时
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*ZH1 Pguyf2/w 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
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Ck$E 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
NV:XPw/ 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
cmGj0YUQ 1 should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
5vh"PlK`s 一般过去时的用法
J&U 0y feq6!k7 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
+8vzkfr3It When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
`@.s!L(V Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
&F*QYz[ @Jn:!8U0 2）句型：
=|JIY It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
Q}f}Jf3P It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
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W{ It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
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It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
r5qx! > would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
.8PO7# I'd rather you came tomorrow.
ch8w' v7OV;e a$ 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
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I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
~md |k >dm._*M 比较：
F)iG D~ 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
>/`c mNmb Christine was an invalid all her life.
sv6U %qV (含义：她已不在人间。)
t-x"( Christine has been an invalid all her life.
@[kM1:G-F{ (含义：她现在还活着)
m^x\@!N:( Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
iai4$Y(% (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
hYv 6-5_ Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
1Da [!^u,D ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
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jeV4| $H@)hY8wA 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
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<uO 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
vMdhNOU Did you want anything else?
8lGgp&ey I wondered if you could help me.
j=QR*8* 2）情态动词 could, would.
O8N0 ]Mz Could you lend me your bike?
@=#s~ 3 一般将来时
>upUY(3& $5CY<,f ~)IJE+e>} 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
UkbQ'P+oS will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
x Bw.M{ Which paragraph shall I read first.
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^J8<s@_ Will you be at home at seven this evening?
SA n=9MG U105u.#7 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
PH%gX`N a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
Q R$sIu@% What are you going to do tomorrow?
j?hyN@ns b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
Eq;fr nw>q the play is going to be produced next month。
(Ha}xwA~( c. 有迹象要发生的事
mf[79:90^ Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
9}$d wl( 2#M:J gWV 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
sZBO_](S We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
V goKi > ,vW 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
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FNU+ 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
,,wx197XeD 现在进行时
`|?$; ) 2#}IGZ`Yp/ QnLg P7Ft Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
T iEJ yd`P (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
&-Er n/[ She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
&?sjeC_ c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
N ] /d the leaves are turning red.
5{aQ4H>~tx It's getting warmer and warmer.
)?y"NVc* d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
m?G+#k;K You are always changing your mind.
y s6"Q[B *.Hnt\4| 典型例题
c2:kZxT My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
HOb\Hn|6jq A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
A~SSu.L@ 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
O4mWsr 过去进行时
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' !& %bl 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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~h|L;E" 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
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VDF@V $E 3) 常用的时间状语
1h{_v!X this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
C.p*mO&N Pfy;/}u^c $yJfAR My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
Q"uu&JC It was raining when they left the station.
]z NL+]1_ When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
Os+ =} qILr +zH 典型例题
|[ofc!/ 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
Yb*}2 A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
B9\o:e Y 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
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$f >48Y-w 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
](pD<FfS]' read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
bN)?szh&Y 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
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x!5I$~J 比较过去时与现在完成时
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9(zg^ A }# Mrb F T6cOMu 一般过去时的时间状语:
8%B @[YDe yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
u@Lu.t!], F9" K 共同的时间状语:
5`Z#m:+u this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
4g9VE;Gd TvR 2lP 现在完成时的时间状语
R_ }(p2 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
]]4E)j 8 不确定的时间状语
tuSgh! xM,3F jF 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
'7^_$M3$\ 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
a@. /e @p 举例：
O<*iDd`(e I saw this film yesterday.
_ U\vHa$# （强调看的动作发生过了。）
xXtDGP I have seen this film.
w_ m （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
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Why did you get up so early?
01$SvL n: （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
@`yfft Who hasn't handed in his paper?
`i-& Z` （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
Q1rwT g \ She has returned from Paris.
0M"E6 z)9 她已从巴黎回来了。
Xo,BuK&G She returned yesterday.
%`~8j H@ 她是昨天回来了。
Y9u2:y!LdL He has been in the League for three years.
LX8vVj8K (在团内的状态可延续)
@ 9uwcM1F He has been a League member for three years.
`` ={FaV~m (是团员的状态可持续)
,SBL~JJ He joined the League three years ago.
`CV a`% ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
q7;)&_' I have finished my homework now.
.R1)i-^ opBv x>S ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
QeK~A@|F& ---He's already been sent for.
i9\Pks#l% 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
-V\33 cA （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
.{6T X "M （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
