英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
X#<#7. ba^cw }5 一般时
m]J Z@ [^B04x@ 进行时
>h/J{T(P>h c6 cGl]FL 完成时
CRvUD.D 4flyV - 完成进行时
uYAPGs#k Y9ueE+6 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
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二、十六种时态的谓语形势
w@7NoD= 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
2/f:VB?<T should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
A. m#wY8 一般过去时的用法
.Ya]N+r* 7f_4qb8 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
EO$_]0yI;_ When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
?J,hv'L] Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
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c0OrvM sY!PXD0Q 2）句型：
N7k<q=r- It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
^?(A|krFg It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
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Bcx It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
(L_txd4 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
4] RGLN would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
EA p6IhW{ I'd rather you came tomorrow.
5F cKY_ S#dkJu]]# 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
8;/`uB:zV I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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kf 比较：
JS% &ipm 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
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Christine was an invalid all her life.
4thLK8/c5g (含义：她已不在人间。)
^:W.R7| Christine has been an invalid all her life.
\dSMF,E (含义：她现在还活着)
N#'+ p5|> Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
]uO 8 (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
3 G/#OJ Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
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UYxG8 ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
I`w1I IY?m de]r
9$ D 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
7q?u`3l 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
sL|lf c'bB Did you want anything else?
CLU !/J $! I wondered if you could help me.
D"_~Njf 2）情态动词 could, would.
6r"uDV #0 Could you lend me your bike?
|E $Jt-' 一般将来时
jV)!9+H# `"QUA G WLGx=
; 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
aCzdYv\} & will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
j(/B
f m Which paragraph shall I read first.
}n y ,Nl Will you be at home at seven this evening?
Q#P=t83 2/S~l;x 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
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a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
_Ki
aeVE What are you going to do tomorrow?
v<iMlO Et b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
V3baEy>=z the play is going to be produced next month。
2zR *`9$ c. 有迹象要发生的事
1L1_x'tT% Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
h+F@apUS (;YO]U4 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
|qbCmsY5/ We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
rm2"pfs [Z6]$$!#2 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
GXB4&Q!C He is about to leave for Beijing.
;hR!j!3} 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
wm0vqY+N$ 现在进行时
*0 M#{HQ ^57[&{MuBF <b"ynoM.A Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
T.="a2iS2 (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
zMb7a_W She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
_`Ey),c _ c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
w~ M5)b the leaves are turning red.
Nk=F.fp|/ It's getting warmer and warmer.
Us.yKAHP V d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
pW O-YZ#+ You are always changing your mind.
(WiA p%Ae"#_X% 典型例题
VHVU*6_ w My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
3P Twpq1 A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
0X+Jj/-ge 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
pcNVtp 'V 过去进行时
W ]5k M~Q@ b,5H|$nLu 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
V BR@f<2L ba|x?kz 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
DCX 4!,ZF g. f!Uc{ 3) 常用的时间状语
DU$ ] e1 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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DC N^q*lV#kob My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
=Y|TShKk It was raining when they left the station.
aW %ulZ When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
%^ ^2 ]tH/87qJ 典型例题
UY
j 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
K"eR 6_ k A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
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`g 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
$y\'j5nk3 S4s\ tA < 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
8gJ"7,}-' read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
^C>i(j& 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
*La*j3 |: 比较过去时与现在完成时
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W5$jIQ}Bw 一般过去时的时间状语:
ckP&N:tC yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
z1f~:AdL RoM'+1nP:# 共同的时间状语:
#93;V'b] this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
CY)Wuv ^ !fwLC"QC 现在完成时的时间状语
NeCTEe|V for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
HCb7 `(@ 不确定的时间状语
y2\, L #PoUCRRC 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
; z :}OD 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
rv;w`f 举例：
PQ@(p% I saw this film yesterday.
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&9!Z （强调看的动作发生过了。）
[@#P3g\:>W I have seen this film.
93)& （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
0%k`* 8 Why did you get up so early?
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B*,S#r （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
$>OWGueq64 Who hasn't handed in his paper?
& @^|=>L （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
?b2" ~A She has returned from Paris.
_R]la&^2F\ 她已从巴黎回来了。
xlqRW" She returned yesterday.
KSqWq:W+ 她是昨天回来了。
`DC)U1 He has been in the League for three years.
bCdEItcD (在团内的状态可延续)
0> Z/3i&?< He has been a League member for three years.
;-n+=@]7 (是团员的状态可持续)
;,JCA#
N He joined the League three years ago.
4punJg~1 ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
JDD(e_dw I have finished my homework now.
(3%NudkwT {#zJx(2yG ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
72& xEx ---He's already been sent for.
u(\b1h n 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
1}QU\N(t （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
Q^DKKp （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
