英语语法的十六种时态

英语语法的十六种时态一、概况

一般时

进行时

完成时

完成进行时

一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时

二、十六种时态的谓语形势
一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
一般过去时的用法

1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
　 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
　 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.　　　　　

2）句型：
　 It is time for sb. to do sth　 "到……时间了"　 "该……了"
　 It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了"　 "早该……了"
　 It is time for you to go to bed.　你该睡觉了。
　 It is time you went to bed.　　　你早该睡觉了。
　 would (had) rather sb. did sth.　表示'宁愿某人做某事'
　 I'd rather you came tomorrow.

3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
　I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较：
　　一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
　Christine was an invalid all her life.　
　 (含义：她已不在人间。)
　Christine has been an invalid all her life.　
　 (含义：她现在还活着)
　Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
　 (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
　Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
　( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
　　
注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
　　　Did you want anything else?
　　　I wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would.
　　　Could you lend me your bike?
一般将来时

1)　shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
　　will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
　　Which paragraph shall I read first.
　　Will you be at home at seven this evening?

2)　be going to +不定式，表示将来。
　 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
　　　What are you going to do tomorrow?
　 b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
　　 the play is going to be produced next month。
　 c. 有迹象要发生的事
　　 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

3)　 be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
　　 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4)　be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
　　He is about to leave for Beijing.
　注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
现在进行时

　　 Mr. GREen is writing another novel.　
　　　(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
　　 She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
　c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
　　 the leaves are turning red.
　　 It's getting warmer and warmer.
　d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
　　 You are always changing your mind.

典型例题
　 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.　
　A. has lost, don't find　　 B. is missing, don't find　C. has lost, haven't found　 D. is missing, haven't found.　　
　答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
过去进行时

1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。

3) 常用的时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while

　　 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.　
　　 It was raining when they left the station.
　　 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　

典型例题
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.　
A. made　 B. is making　 C. was making　 D. makes
　答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同　时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。

2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
read； was falling　B. was reading； fell　C. was reading； was falling　D. read；fell
　答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
比较过去时与现在完成时

一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:　
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately　

现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,　　　　　　till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
　
　 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
　过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
　举例：
　 I saw this film yesterday.
　　（强调看的动作发生过了。）
　 I have seen this film.
　　（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）　
　 Why did you get up so early?
　　（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
　 Who hasn't handed in his paper?　
　　（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
　 She has returned from Paris.　
　　她已从巴黎回来了。
　 She returned yesterday.
　　她是昨天回来了。
　 He has been in the League for three years.
　　(在团内的状态可延续)
　 He has been a League member for three years.
　　(是团员的状态可持续)
　 He joined the League three years ago.　
　　( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
　 I have finished my homework now.　
　
　 ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
　 ---He's already been sent for.　
　句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
　（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
　（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.新开千年私服了!奇迹私服

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突然的自我

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沙发发表于: 2008-07-28

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

好啊，多谢有心人

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szyllang

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板凳发表于: 2008-10-01

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

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