英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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5EX 一般时
i ?B<&'G q VU<jt 进行时
\:h7,[e FTUfJIVN( 完成时
pOK=o$1V8 1o5kP, ) 完成进行时
~d&&\EZ G!`%.tH 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
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} 7 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
1]>JMh%X9t 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
>W+,( kAS should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
3T(f t^~ 一般过去时的用法
jA8Bmwt;w 1<h@ ^s ; 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
I!F&8B+| When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
dDiy_Q6 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
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=l2 @'Y Q 2）句型：
j* 2/[Eq It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
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Rl/e It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
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Q It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
?b d&Av It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
H1~9f { would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
a@ |`!<5 I'd rather you came tomorrow.
DFfh!KKR$ xNY&*jI 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
IF&edP[V I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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u6ndc |@rf#,hTDp 比较：
%N\45nYU: 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
e}gGl<((g Christine was an invalid all her life.
\Ogs ]4 (含义：她已不在人间。)
! j6Cvcl T Christine has been an invalid all her life.
n%2c<@p# (含义：她现在还活着)
sNG 7fi.| Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
&6GW9pl[ (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
,~ =+]9t Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
/.m x\_$ ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
N#OO{`":Z` L.9@rwfI 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
c ]ll89`|| 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Yg!fEopLb Did you want anything else?
M%13b$i~f I wondered if you could help me.
[*vR& 4mk 2）情态动词 could, would.
Q9X+H4` }y Could you lend me your bike?
fob.?ID-; 一般将来时
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Hm 74A&#ecb{ :y~l?0b&8 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
V[* <^% will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
Wsw/ D Which paragraph shall I read first.
gE&83 i" Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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~*.x zM%2h:*+{ 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
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D >\Z(b a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
-C* UB What are you going to do tomorrow?
?Ql<s8 b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
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_Bz@^J the play is going to be produced next month。
F^DDN7AKH c. 有迹象要发生的事
(ap,3$ hS Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
a [BIY&/Q F`f8q\Fc 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
%\ !3tN We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
w2] ]##J T;Ra/H 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
?Hf8<C} 3 He is about to leave for Beijing.
3AC/;WB9 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
Qvhy9C r; 现在进行时
FHyyZ{" X|p Ow," KZsJ_t++!W Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
^s3 SzB@ (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
Xa=oEG She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
-W" w c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
5cSqo{|En the leaves are turning red.
} |? W It's getting warmer and warmer.
/-C6I: d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
~`CWpc: You are always changing your mind.
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ob6 Ub*O*nre 典型例题
R(cM4T.a My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
r| 0wIpi6Q A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
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?{ 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
gK>aR ^* 过去进行时
]w9\q*S] ;{K/W.R 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
nG !6[^D f-l(H="e 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
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G 3) 常用的时间状语
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u! x6 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
uO}UvMW t73" d#+ u8i!Fxu My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
72{Ce7J 4 It was raining when they left the station.
hy{1 Ea/T When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
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E)utrO R 典型例题
_h8|shyP 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
z~O:w'(g A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
AvEd? 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
U%E364;F %Y*]eLT> 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
LyA}Nd]pyq read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
aX{i 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
4<Q^/-W 比较过去时与现在完成时
x|`o7. [$AOu0 J !,zRg5Wp4 l.`f^K=8 一般过去时的时间状语:
ym.:I@b?6 yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
lD\ vq 2 )=@ SA`J 共同的时间状语:
@Rp#*{ this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
rwSmdJ~ &yN/ AY`U 现在完成时的时间状语
T99\R% for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
{Jn*{5tZ> 不确定的时间状语
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5}MjS$2og 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
bL9vjD'} 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
$ =GnoS 举例：
_
q<Ke/ I saw this film yesterday.
l11 +sqg （强调看的动作发生过了。）
)$oboA v# I have seen this film.
=LHz[dSL （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
.qGfLvx% Why did you get up so early?
FvVR \a （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
W_%@n m\y Who hasn't handed in his paper?
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j>HZS$F （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
E/IoYuB She has returned from Paris.
xR`M#d5" 她已从巴黎回来了。
Zm+QhnY| She returned yesterday.
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tV$V 她是昨天回来了。
%=EN 3>, He has been in the League for three years.
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?n pH (在团内的状态可延续)
~H1 ZQ[ He has been a League member for three years.
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7o4j g (是团员的状态可持续)
\~~y1.,U. He joined the League three years ago.
Bt[Wh@ ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
! Pf6UNN' I have finished my homework now.
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---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
nC 2e^=^ ---He's already been sent for.
o7=#ye&P 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
}Md5a% s< （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
vtu!* 7m （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
